Abstract: A surface of a given base material is hydrophilized by irradiating, for example, a vacuum ultraviolet light to itself. Then, on the surface is formed a monomolecular film made of a fluoroalkylsilane preferably having at least one of a long fluoroalkyl-chain and a long alkyl-chain which preferably have lengths of not less than 1 nm. Then, the base material and the monocular film are thermally treated and thereby a member having a high lubricative surface can be obtained which has strong couplings between the base material and the molecular film through a dehydrating condensation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wavelength dependent compensation method in a variable optical attenuator which can precisely set the amount of attenuation within a wide range of wavelengths, and to provide superior operability. An optical signal 20a is emitted from a white light source 20 incident on a monochromator 21, and under control of a CPU 24, only an optical signal 20b of a specific wavelength is extracted and is made incident on a variable optical attenuator 22; in optical attenuator 22 under control of a CPU 24, optical signal 20b is attenuated; the power of attenuated optical signal 20c is measured by power measurer 23 under control of a CPU 24, producing compensating data; and using the pulse number corresponding to the rotation angle of the motor which activates the variable optical attenuator 22 according to this compensating data, the position of variable optical attenuator 22 is compensated to attain the desired amount of attenuation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a wavelength dependent compensation method in a variable optical attenuator which can precisely set the amount of attenuation within a wide range of wavelengths, and to provide superior operability. An optical signal 20a is emitted from a white light source 20 incident on a monochromator 21, and under control of a CPU 24, only an optical signal 20b of a specific wavelength is extracted and is made incident on a variable optical attenuator 22; in optical attenuator 22 under control of a CPU 24, optical signal 20b is attenuated; the power of attenuated optical signal 20c is measured by power measurer 23 under control of a CPU 24, producing compensating data; and using the pulse number corresponding to the rotation angle of the motor which activates the variable optical attenuator 22 according to this compensating data, the position of variable optical attenuator 22 is compensated to attain the desired amount of attenuation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing an oxide film wherein a sharp-pointed processing electrode is positioned close to the material to be processed in an oxygen-containing gas, and a voltage in the single digit range is impressed across the material and the electrode so that the surface of the material is positive and the electrode is negative thereby causing an electric current to flow across the material and the electrode. The surface of the material reacts electrochemically with oxygen adsorbed on the surface of the material to anodize the surface immediately proximate the electrode. The method makes possible the formation of a patterned oxide film with a resolution of 0.1 .mu.m or less, thus surpassing the limit of conventional oxide film production methods.

Abstract: A focusing screen of the type composed of a multitude of micro-lens-like curved surfaces arranged on a given plane is substantially regular in terms of their two-dimensional arrangement on the above-mentioned plane but exhibits some variation in terms of the height of the microscopic surface roughness formed by the micro-lens-like curved surfaces. The variation range is determined in correspondence with the pitch of the above-mentioned two-dimensional arrangement. Also disclosed is a method of manufacturing a focusing screen exhibiting an appropriate degree of randomness in terms of its surface configuration.