Abstract: Present invention provides an electro-deposited copper foil having the equivalent low-profile surface as in a conventional low-profile electro-deposited copper foil and extremely large mechanical strength and a method for manufacturing the same. The electro-deposited copper foil is formed by depositing fine copper crystal grains having a small deviation of grain-diameter. The electro-deposited copper foil has a low-profile and glossy surface and has extremely large mechanical strength expressed by a tensile strength as received of 70 kgf/mm2 to 100 kgf/mm2 and has a tensile strength after heating (180° C. for 60 minutes) corresponding to 85% or more of the tensile strength as received. The electro-deposited copper foil is manufactured by electrolysis using a sulfuric acid base copper electrolytic solution containing a compound composed of a benzene ring having a sulfo group bonded thereto, a sulfonate of an active sulfur compound and a polymer of a quaternary ammonium salt having a cyclic structure.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrodeposited copper foil which has a lower profile and a higher gloss than low-profile electrodeposited copper foil conventionally supplied in markets. For achieving this object, the present invention employs an electrodeposited copper foil which has a super low profile, the surface roughness (Rzjis) of the deposit side of lower than 1.0-micron meter, and the gloss [Gs(60-deg.)] thereof of not lower than 400 irrespective to its thickness. The present invention also provides a manufacturing method of an electrodeposited copper foil obtained by electrodeposition using a sulfuric acid base copper electrolytic solution obtained by adding 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid and/or bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide, a quaternary ammonium salt polymer having a cyclic structure, and chlorine.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a surface-treated electro-deposited copper foil which has a low profile at a level equal to or excellent than that of low-profile surface-treated electro-deposited copper foils that have conventionally been supplied to the market and in which waviness affecting the straight line performance of wiring is small, and a method for manufacturing the same. In order to achieve this object, in the surface-treated electro-deposited copper foil, the maximum waviness height (Wmax) of the bonding surface to be bonded with an insulation layer-constituting material to be 0.05 ?m to 0.7 ?m, the maximum peak to valley height (PV) to be 0.05 to 1.5 ?m, and the surface roughness (Rzjis) to be 0.1 ?m to 1.0 ?m.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a sulfuric acid base copper electrolytic solution used for formation of an electro-deposited copper film comprising a surface excellent in smoothness and gloss when formed by using the solution just after preparation and is prepared by using mono-sulfides. To achieve the object, a sulfuric acid base copper electrolytic solution is made to contain a sulfonated active sulfur compound, the bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide which is recommended for formation of a glossy electro-deposited copper film. And the bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide contained is obtained by converting a 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid into the bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide in an aqueous solution of the 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid by an oxidation reaction. In the oxidation reaction, an air bubbling method is preferably used to prevent oxidative decomposition of the 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a sulfuric acid base copper electrolytic solution used for formation of an electro-deposited copper film comprising a surface excellent in smoothness and gloss when formed by using the solution just after preparation and is prepared by using mono-sulfides. To achieve the object, a sulfuric acid base copper electrolytic solution is made to contain a sulfonated active sulfur compound, the bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide which is recommended for formation of a glossy electro-deposited copper film. And the bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide contained is obtained by converting a 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid into the bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide in an aqueous solution of the 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid by an oxidation reaction. In the oxidation reaction, an air bubbling method is preferably used to prevent oxidative decomposition of the 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: In an engine electromagnetic valve operating device (20), an intake valve (17) is opened and closed by means of a first electromagnet (21), which is fixed to a cylinder head, and a second electromagnet (22), which is pivotably supported on the cylinder head by a fixed shaft (38) so as to be capable of swinging, attracting a first attraction face (23b) and a second attraction face (23c) respectively of an armature (23) having one end pivotably supported on the cylinder head by the fixed shaft (38) so that it can swing and having the other end abutting against a stem (18) of the intake valve (17). In this arrangement, by changing the angle between the first and second electromagnets (21, 22) by swinging the second electromagnet (22), the amount of lift of the intake valve (17) can be changed freely.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrodeposited copper foil which has a lower profile and a higher gloss than low-profile electrodeposited copper foil conventionally supplied in markets. For achieving this object, the present invention employs an electrodeposited copper foil which has a super low profile, the surface roughness (Rzjis) of the deposit side of lower than 1.0-micron meter, and the gloss [Gs(60-deg.)] thereof of not lower than 400 irrespective to its thickness. The present invention also provides a manufacturing method of an electrodeposited copper foil obtained by electrodeposition using a sulfuric acid base copper electrolytic solution obtained by adding 3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid and/or bis(3-sulfopropyl)disulfide, a quaternary ammonium salt polymer having a cyclic structure, and chlorine.

Abstract: There is provided an intake air amount control system for an internal combustion engine, which controls the amount of intake air by executing both cam phase control and valve lift control, and is capable of enhancing response and accuracy of the intake air amount control, while avoiding interaction between the cam phase control and the valve lift control. In the intake air amount control system 1, an ECU 2 controls the amount of intake air according to a target valve lift Liftin_cmd and a target cam phase Cain_cmd. The Liftin_cmd and Cain_cmd are respectively calculated as the sums of master values Liftin_cmd_ms and Cain_cmd_ms for causing an actual intake air amount Gcyl to converge to a target intake air amount Gcyl_cmd, and slave values Liftin_cmd_sl and Cain_cmd_sl set according to the master values Liftin_cmd_ms and Cain_cmd_ms (steps 56 and 64).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a production method which enables efficient production of an electro-deposited copper foil with further lower profile when compared to the low-profile electro-deposited copper foils which have been supplied to the market and is excellent in mechanical strength. For the purpose of achieving the object, a production method adopted obtains the electro-deposited copper foil by electrolyzing a sulfuric acid based copper electrolytic solution which contains a quaternary ammonium salt polymer having cyclic structure and chlorine, wherein for the quaternary ammonium salt polymer contained in the sulfuric acid based copper electrolytic solution, a DDAC dimer or higher polymer is used. For the quaternary ammonium salt polymer, a diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride polymer having a number average molecular weight of 300 to 10000 is preferably used.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an electro-deposited copper foil having the equivalent low-profile surface as in a conventional low-profile electro-deposited copper foil and extremely large mechanical strength and a method for manufacturing the same. To achieve the object, the electro-deposited copper foil is formed by depositing fine copper crystal grains having a small deviation of grain-diameter that has never been obtained in the art. The electro-deposited copper foil has a low-profile and glossy surface and has extremely large mechanical strength expressed by a tensile strength as received of 70 kgf/mm2 to 100 kgf/mm2 and has a tensile strength after heating (180° C. for 60 minutes) corresponding to 85% or more of the tensile strength as received.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a surface-treated electro-deposited copper foil which has a low profile at a level equal to or excellent than that of low-profile surface-treated electro-deposited copper foils that have conventionally been supplied to the market and in which waviness affecting the straight line performance of wiring is small, and a method for manufacturing the same. In order to achieve this object, in the surface-treated electro-deposited copper foil, the maximum waviness height (Wmax) of the bonding surface to be bonded with an insulation layer-constituting material to be 0.05 ?m to 0.7 ?m, the maximum peak to valley height (PV) to be 0.05 to 1.5 ?m, and the surface roughness (Rzjis) to be 0.1 ?m to 1.0 ?m.

Abstract: A circular saw including an annular disk-shaped base adapted to be driven about an axis of rotation, a plurality of tip supports formed along the outer circumference of the base integrally therewith so that a gullet is defined between adjacent ones of the tip supports, a plurality of tip inserts respectively fixed to the tip supports, a plurality of openings formed through the base on substantially the same circumference of a circle so as to be equally spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the base, and a plurality of wiper tips respectively fixed to wall surfaces defining the openings on the downstream side of a rotational direction of the base. Each wiper tip has a front surface formed as a concave surface in cross section.

Abstract: There is provided an intake air amount control system for an internal combustion engine, which controls the amount of intake air by executing both cam phase control and valve lift control, and is capable of enhancing response and accuracy of the intake air amount control, while avoiding interaction between the cam phase control and the valve lift control. In the intake air amount control system 1, an ECU 2 controls the amount of intake air according to a target valve lift Liftin_cmd and a target cam phase Cain_cmd. The Liftin_cmd and Cain_cmd are respectively calculated as the sums of master values Liftin_cmd_ms and Cain_cmd_ms for causing an actual intake air amount Gcyl to converge to a target intake air amount Gcyl_cmd, and slave values Liftin_cmd_sl and Cain_cmd_sl set according to the master values Liftin_cmd_ms and Cain_cmd_ms (steps 56 and 64).

Abstract: A circular saw including an annular disk-shaped base adapted to be driven about an axis of rotation, a plurality of tip supports formed along the outer circumference of the base integrally therewith so that a gullet is defined between adjacent ones of the tip supports, a plurality of tip inserts respectively fixed to the tip supports, a plurality of openings formed through the base on substantially the same circumference of a circle so as to be equally spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the base, and a plurality of wiper tips respectively fixed to wall surfaces defining the openings on the downstream side of a rotational direction of the base. Each wiper tip has a front surface formed as a concave surface in cross section.

Abstract: A drive of a variable valve lift mechanism for driving a control shaft controlling a variable valve lift mechanism provided between an engine valve and an engine valve operating cam in order to change lift amount of the engine valve, comprises: a rotational force generating actuator; power conversion means for converting a rotational force of the rotational force generating actuator into a pivoting force of the control shaft; and a casing containing the power conversion means with the rotational force generating actuator coupled to an outer face of the casing. One end of the control shaft protrudes outward from one side of an engine body. The casing into which one end of the control shaft is inserted is attached to the one side of the engine body through fixing means which can be repeatedly attached and detached. Thus, it is possible to avoid the engine body from being complex and improve maintainability.

Abstract: A valve operation controller for an internal combustion engine is provided for optimally setting a valve opening timing and a valve closing timing for an intake valve in accordance with an operating state of the internal combustion engine to improve the fuel efficiency and power of the internal combustion engine, eliminate fuel stagnation in the intake valve and sticking of the intake valve with its valve seat, and reduce the cost and weight. The valve operation controller controls open/close operations of exhaust valves (EV1, EV2) and first and second intake valves (IV1, IV2) arranged in one cylinder (4). An electromagnetic valve operating mechanism (5) electromagnetically opens/closes the first intake valve (IV1). A cam type valve operating mechanism (6) opens/closes the second intake valve (IV2) with an intake cam (11) arranged on a cam shaft (10) driven in synchronism with rotation of the internal combustion engine (3).

Abstract: To allow both the valve lift and valve timing for an engine valve to be varied in a continuous manner, the variable valve actuating device (1) comprises a camshaft (8) rotatably supported by a fixed part of the engine and provided with a cam (7), a first rocker arm (9) pivotally supported by a fixed part of the engine, the first rocker arm being provided with a first point (12) engaging a stem of an engine valve (6), a drum (11) rotatably supported by a fixed part of the engine and at least partly surrounding the cam, a second rocker arm (10) having a first point (20) pivotally supported by the drum, a second point (21) adapted to engage the cam and a surface engaged by a second point (22) of the first rocker arm, and a control member (25, 26) for selectively turning the drum over a prescribed angular range.

Abstract: A valve control apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided which is capable of optimally setting the closing timing of an engine valve according to operating conditions of the engine while suppressing an increase in the inertial mass of the engine valve to the minimum, thereby attaining improvement of fuel economy, and realization of higher engine rotational speed and higher power output in a compatible fashion, and reducing costs and weight thereof. The valve control apparatus controls opening and closing operations of an engine valve. A cam-type valve actuating mechanism actuates the engine valve to open and close the engine valve, by a cam which is driven in synchronism with rotation of the engine. An actuator makes blocking engagement with the engine valve having been opened, to thereby hold the engine valve in an open state. An ECU controls operation of the actuator to thereby control closing timing of the engine valve.

Abstract: A drive of a variable valve lift mechanism for driving a control shaft controlling a variable valve lift mechanism provided between an engine valve and an engine valve operating cam in order to change lift amount of the engine valve, comprises: a rotational force generating actuator; power conversion means for converting a rotational force of the rotational force generating actuator into a pivoting force of the control shaft; and a casing containing the power conversion means with the rotational force generating actuator coupled to an outer face of the casing. One end of the control shaft protrudes outward from one side of an engine body. The casing into which one end of the control shaft is inserted is attached to the one side of the engine body through fixing means which can be repeatedly attached and detached. Thus, it is possible to avoid the engine body from being complex and improve maintainability.

Abstract: To allow both the valve lift and valve timing for an engine valve to be varied in a continuous manner, the variable valve actuating device (1) comprises a camshaft (8) rotatably supported by a fixed part of the engine and provided with a cam (7), a first rocker arm (9) pivotally supported by a fixed part of the engine, the first rocker arm being provided with a first point (12) engaging a stem of an engine valve (6), a drum (11) rotatably supported by a fixed part of the engine and at least partly surrounding the cam, a second rocker arm (10) having a first point (20) pivotally supported by the drum, a second point (21) adapted to engage the cam and a surface engaged by a second point (22) of the first rocker arm, and a control member (25, 26) for selectively turning the drum over a prescribed angular range.