Abstract: A valve control apparatus for an internal combustion engine is provided which is capable of optimally setting the closing timing of an engine valve according to operating conditions of the engine while suppressing an increase in the inertial mass of the engine valve to the minimum, thereby attaining improvement of fuel economy, and realization of higher engine rotational speed and higher power output in a compatible fashion, and reducing costs and weight thereof. The valve control apparatus controls opening and closing operations of an engine valve. A cam-type valve actuating mechanism actuates the engine valve to open and close the engine valve, by a cam which is driven in synchronism with rotation of the engine. An actuator makes blocking engagement with the engine valve having been opened, to thereby hold the engine valve in an open state. An ECU controls operation of the actuator to thereby control closing timing of the engine valve.

Abstract: A valve operation controller for an internal combustion engine is provided for optimally setting a valve opening timing and a valve closing timing for an intake valve in accordance with an operating state of the internal combustion engine to improve the fuel efficiency and power of the internal combustion engine, eliminate fuel stagnation in the intake valve and sticking of the intake valve with its valve seat, and reduce the cost and weight. The valve operation controller controls open/close operations of exhaust valves (EV1, EV2) and first and second intake valves (IV1, IV2) arranged in one cylinder (4). An electromagnetic valve operating mechanism (5) electromagnetically opens/closes the first intake valve (IV1). A cam type valve operating mechanism (6) opens/closes the second intake valve (IV2) with an intake cam (11) arranged on a cam shaft (10) driven in synchronism with rotation of the internal combustion engine (3).

Abstract: A valve timing control system for an internal combustion engine is provided which is capable of ensuring reliable holding of a valve by an actuator, and attaining energy saving by efficient operation of the actuator. The valve timing control system controls valve-closing timing of a valve opened by a cam provided on a camshaft, by temporarily holding the valve. A response delay of the actuator is predicted as a response delay prediction value. Output timing is set in which a drive signal for driving the actuator is output, according to the predicted response delay prediction value. Holding timing is controlled in which the valve is held by the actuator, by outputting the drive signal to the actuator, based on the set output timing.

Abstract: A disk cutter including an annular disk-shaped base adapted to be driven about an axis of rotation; a plurality of tip supports formed along the outer circumference of the base integrally therewith so that a gullet is defined between adjacent ones of the tip supports; and a plurality of hardened cutter inserts respectively fixed to the tip supports. The base is imaginarily divided into a plurality of segments by radially extending lines. The hardened cutter inserts in each segment are arranged symmetrically with respect to a circumferential center line of the segment so that the pitches of the hardened cutter inserts on each side of the circumferential center line are stepwise increased in a direction from the circumferential center line toward the radially extending line on the same side.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a method for continuously producing electrodeposited copper foil while thiourea-decomposed products remaining in copper electrolyte are removed through activated carbon treatment. Another object is to provide high-resistivity copper foil obtained through the method. The present invention further provides an electrodeposition apparatus including a path for circulating a copper sulfate solution, whereby in said path is provided a filtration means for removal of thiourea-decomposed products remaining in copper electrolyte.

Abstract: A valve timing control system for an internal combustion engine is provided which is capable of ensuring reliable holding of a valve by an actuator, and attaining energy saving by efficient operation of the actuator. The valve timing control system controls valve-closing timing of a valve opened by a cam provided on a camshaft, by temporarily holding the valve. A response delay of the actuator is predicted as a response delay prediction value. Output timing is set in which a drive signal for driving the actuator is output, according to the predicted response delay prediction value. Holding timing is controlled in which the valve is held by the actuator, by outputting the drive signal to the actuator, based on the set output timing.

Abstract: A core of a solenoid actuator is provided which is improved in durability, and at the same time ensures high energy efficiency of the solenoid actuator. The core of the solenoid actuator attracts an armature during operation of the solenoid actuator. A plurality of core plates are formed of a magnetically soft material and laminated in a predetermined direction orthogonal to a direction of attracting the armature to form a laminated stack. The core plates form magnetic circuits between the armature and the core plates themselves during the operation of the solenoid actuator. Two core holders formed of a non-magnetic material sandwiches the laminated stack of the plurality of core plates from opposite sides along the predetermined direction. The plurality of core plates are each coated with insulating film, which insulate adjacent two core plates from each other.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide a method for continuously producing electrodeposited copper foil while thiourea-decomposed products remaining in copper electrolyte are removed through activated carbon treatment. Another object is to provide high-resistivity copper foil obtained through the method.

Abstract: A solenoid-operated valve for use in an internal combustion engine has a valve body movable upwardly for closing an exhaust or intake passage and movable downwardly for opening the exhaust or intake passage, a valve stem extending upwardly from the valve body, a pair of upper and lower solenoids spaced from each other in an axial direction of the valve stem and confronting each other vertically, the valve stem extending through the upper and lower solenoids, a movable plate mounted on the valve stem and disposed between the solenoids, the movable plate being movable between the solenoids to cause the valve stem to open and close the valve body in response to being magnetically attracted by the solenoids, a first spring for normally biasing the valve body to open the exhaust or intake passage, and a second spring for normally biasing the valve body to close the exhaust or intake passage against the first spring. The first spring has a resilient force greater than a resilient force of the second spring.

Abstract: A high tensile strength copper foil having a matte side roughness Rz of 2.5 &mgr;m or less and a tensile strength of 40,000 Kgf/mm2 after heating one hour at 180° C. is produced by a process in which copper is electrodeposited from a solution containing predetermined small amounts of a polyether glycol and tin and iron ions. The chloride ion content is maintained below 0.1 wt. ppm. The copper foil is characterized by having copper crystals with atomic cells having a predominently (111) orientation.

Abstract: An organic rust-roof treated copper foil characterized in that it has a metallic rust-proof layer formed on the non-adhesive side of the original copper foil and has an organic rust-proof layer formed on said metallic rust-proof layer, the organic rust-proof layer comprising a mixture of at least two kinds of chemicals selected from the group consisting of benzotriazole, its derivatives, aminotriazole and its isomers and derivatives is provided with on said metallic rust-proof layer, or it further has a chromate-treated layer formed between said metallic rust-proof layer and said organic rust-proof layer.

Abstract: A high tensile strength copper foil having a matte side roughness Rz of 2.5 .mu.m or less and a tensile strength of 40,000 Kgf/mm.sup.2 after heating one hour at 180.degree. C. is produced by a process in which copper is electrodeposited from a solution containing predetermined small amounts of a polyether glycol and tin and iron ions. The chloride ion content is maintained below 0.1 wt. ppm. The copper foil is characterized by having copper crystals with atomic cells having a predominantly (111) orientation.

Abstract: A bearing housing of a capstan motor, for supporting a rotating shaft of the capstan motor. The housing is formed from sheet metal and has a flange member, a housing body extending from the flange member in an axial direction of the rotating shaft and a deep recess for exposing the rotating shaft. The housing also has a bearing collar made of metal mounted on the housing body for rotatably supporting the rotating shaft. This collar has a flange portion which abuts against an inside surface of the housing body and another portion press-fitted with a mounting hole formed through said housing body. A mounting board is mounted on one surface of the flange member and a motor board is mounted on another surface of the flange member. A component mounted on the mounting board is protected from interference by an escape portion on the flange member.

Abstract: An intake system for an internal combustion engine includes first and second intake valve bores provided to face a combustion chamber and to be independently opened and closed by first and second intake valves, and first and second intake ports which are connected to the corresponding intake valve bores with a partition wall interposed therebetween and which communicate with a common intake passage. In a particular operation range of the engine, an imbalance is produced in the concentration of the air-fuel mixture flowing through the first and second intake valve bores into the combustion chamber on the basis of a difference between the amounts of fresh air flowing into the first and second intake ports. The intake system further includes a communication hole provided in the partition wall for putting the first and second intake ports into communication with each other. This provides for improvements in the lean combustibility and in the nature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: In an audio response device comprising an incoming trunk, a push button signal receiver, a voice output unit and a control unit and associated with a terminal set such as a push button calling telephone set, there is provided a full duplex audio response device which includes a hybrid circuit disposed in the incoming trunk associated with the terminal set and a band-pass filter interposed between the voice output unit and the hybrid circuit for filtering a frequency component corresponding to a specified push button, and in which the hybrid circuit may receive a voice output signal passed through the band-pass filter and a push button signal from the terminal set simultaneously so that the push button signal can be received even when the voice output signal is transmitted to the terminal set.