Abstract: Method and apparatus for automatic ultrasonic flaw detection of pipe welding zones wherein the width of the weld zone is divided into a plurality of subdivisions. The ultrasonic energy received from each of the subdivisions is displayed by employing multichannel gate circuitry providing respective outputs in units of 10% of the height of the echoes in each subdivision on a cathode ray tube in synchronization with signals representative of the longitudinal and lateral position of the probes along the pipe with respect to a reference point. The height of the defective echoes in each gate are printed together with the positions of the probe. The positions of the defects are diagrammed by a computer, thereby enabling high-speed data processing of the flaw detection information, a decrease in the time for the precise flaw detection comparable to conventional manual flaw detection method and apparatus and easy determination of the flaw detection results.

Abstract: Novel substituted hydrazide derivatives of 7-(substituted)amino-3-methylene-cepham-4-carboxylic acids expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents alkyl containing at least 3 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl, or optionally substituted aryl, and one of R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 represents hydrogen with the other being hydrogen or the same as R.sub.1 ; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 form a heterocyclic ring optionally through a hetero atom together with the attached nitrogen and R.sub.3 represents hydrogen atom; and Z.sub.1 represents amino or protected amino; and acid addition salts thereof, which are useful as intermediates for synthesizing cephalosporin antibiotics.