Abstract: A proton conducting polymer is described herein which generally comprises a proton donating polymer and a Lewis acid. The Lewis acids may comprise one or more rare earth triflates. The proton conducting polymer exhibits excellent proton conductivity in low humidity environments.

Abstract: A practical and efficient method for halogenation of activated carbon atoms using readily available N-haloimides and a Lewis acid catalyst has been disclosed. This methodology is applicable to a range of compounds and any halogen atom can be directly introduced to the substrate. The mild reaction conditions, easy workup procedure and simple operation make this method valuable from both an environmental and preparative point of view.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing various types of arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane having a bulky aryl group and an electron-accepting aryl group in which synthesis was conventionally considered to be difficult, at high efficiency; a novel arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane that can be widely applied to asymmetric catalyst, various types of functional materials and the like; and a metallic salt thereof. In addition, excellent catalysts are also provided. An aryl halomethane is reacted with a sodium trifluoromethane sulfinate, the arylmethyl triflone produced thereby is reacted with a t-BuLi and the like, the lithium salt of the arylmethyl triflone obtained is reacted with a trifluoromethane sulfinic acid anhydride, and an arylbis (trifluoromethylsulfony)methane such as pentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane, {4-(pentafluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl}bis(triflyl)methane and the like are obtained at a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for preparing ester or thioester that can conduct catalytic esterification reaction with an equimolar amount of carboxylic acid and alcohol, or catalytic thioesterification reaction with carboxylic acid and an equimolar amount or small amount of thiol, and can be expected as an industrial method that needs an enormous amount of synthesis in the light of green chemistry. By using hafnium chloride (IV), especially tetravalent hafnium compounds represented by hafnium chloride (IV)·(THF)2 or hafnium (IV)t-butoxide as a (poly) condensation catalyst, direct condensation reaction is conducted from carboxylic acid and an equimolar amount of alcohol or a little smaller amount of thiol, in the nonpolar solvent such as toluene and the like, in a deoxidization atmosphere and under heating reflux, and the reaction synthesizes ester monomer or thioester monomer, polyester or polythioester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of chiral epoxides via a catalytic asymmetric oxidation of olefins. Additionally, the methodology provides a method of asymmetrically oxidizing sulfides and phosphines. This asymmetric oxidation employs a catalyst system composed of a metal and a chiral bishydroxamic acid ligand, which, in the presence of a stoichiometric oxidation reagent, serves to asymmetrically oxidize a variety of substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of chiral epoxides via a catalytic asymmetric oxidation of olefins. Additionally, the methodology provides a method of asymmetrically oxidizing sulfides and phosphines. This asymmetric oxidation employs a catalyst system composed of a metal and a chiral bishydroxamic acid ligand, which, in the presence of a stoichiometric oxidation reagent, serves to asymmetrically oxidize a variety of substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing various types of arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane having a bulky aryl group and an electron-accepting aryl group in which synthesis was conventionally considered to be difficult, at high efficiency; a novel arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane that can be widely applied to asymmertric catalyst, various types of functional materials and the like; and a metallic salt thereof. In addition, excellent catalysts are also provided. An aryl halomethane is reacted with a sodium trifluoromethane sulfinate, the arylmethyl triflone produced thereby is reacted with a t-BuLi and the like, the lithium salt of the arylmethyl triflone obtained is reacted with a trifluoromethane sulfonic acid anhydride, and an arylbis(trifluoromethylsulfony)methane such as pentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane, {4-(pentafluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl}bis(triflyl)methane and the like are obtained at a high yield.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of making ?-aminooxyketone and ?-hydroxyketone compounds. The synthetic pathway generally involves reacting an aldehyde or ketone substrate and a nitroso substrate in the presence of a catalyst of the formula (IV): wherein Xa—Xc represent independently nitrogen, carbon, oxygen or sulfur and Z represents a 4 to 10-membered ring with or without a substituent and optionally a further step to convert the ?-aminooxyketone compound formed to the ?-hydroxyketone compound. The present invention results in ?-aminooxyketone and ?-hydroxyketone compounds with high enantioselectivity and high purity. The present invention is also directed to a catalytic asymmetric O-nitroso Aldol/Michael reaction. The substrates of this reaction are generally cyclic ?,?-unsaturated ketone substrate and a nitroso substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a method for preparing an ester condensate and a catalyst therefor; wherein the method enables synthesis of enormous amounts of ester condensates comprising a specific structure in good yield, by a reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol in equimolar amounts, while generation of by-products is prevented; wherein the catalyst exhibits good catalytic efficiency as a catalyst for use, the use of the catalyst in small amount is sufficient, and the catalyst is reusable and can be used repeatedly; therefore, the method for preparing an ester condensate of the present invention and the catalyst therefor can be applied to industrial methods which are preferable in view of green chemistry. Esterification reaction is performed by using a catalyst comprising a zirconium(IV) compound and/or a hafnium(IV) compound and an iron compound and a gallium compound.

Abstract: There is provided a radiosensitizer containing an iron compound, more specifically, a radiosensitizer containing an iron compound selected from an inorganoiron compound, such as iron chloride, iron oxide, iron hydroxide, and iron sulfate; and an organoiron compound, such as saccharated ferric oxide, iron citrate, iron gluconate, chondroitin sulfate/iron colloid, cideferron, ferrotrenine, iron fumarate, iron pyrophosphate, a porphyrin-iron complex, and an albumin incorporating porphyrin-iron complex.

Abstract: A power failure detection system for detecting power failures in a cash dispenser machine and in an associated card reader includes an external signal input part for receiving a power failure signal from a first power failure sensing circuit located in a host cash dispenser machine, a card reader associated with the cash dispenser; an internal power source located in the card reader, a second power failure sensing circuit located in the card reader; a power failure signal output part for receiving and processing power failure signals from the external signal input part and from the second power failure sensing circuit. The power failure signal output part contains a circuit to output a final power failure signal if either the card reader or the cash dispenser has a power failure wherein the shape of said final power failure signal indicates whether the card reader or the cash dispenser or both experience a power failure.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid acid catalyst that is excellent from the point of toxicity, environment and others, wherein reaction can be progressed effectively with Bronsted acid or Lewis acid catalyst. For example, the benzoylation reaction of alcohol can also be progressed easily, and further, the catalyst can be recovered and recycled easily. The para position of arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane represented by the general formula [1] (wherein R1 shows a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Rf1 and Rf2 are independent to each other and show a perfluoroalkyl group), a pentafluorophenylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane, for example, is supported on a polystyrene resin, and a polystyrene-supported arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane represented by the general formula [3] (wherein R3 shows a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, Rf1 and Rf2 are the same as described above) is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a catalytic asymmetric C-nitroso Diels-Alder reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the synthesis of chiral epoxides via a catalytic asymmetric oxidation of olefins. Additionally, the methodology provides a method of asymmetrically oxidizing sulfides and phosphines. This asymmetric oxidation employs a catalyst system composed of a metal and a chiral bishydroxamic acid ligand, which, in the presence of a stoichiometric oxidation reagent, serves to asymmetrically oxidize a variety of substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing various types of arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane having a bulky aryl group and an electron-accepting aryl group in which synthesis was conventionally considered to be difficult, at high efficiency; a novel arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane that can be widely applied to asymmertric catalyst, various types of functional materials and the like; and a metallic salt thereof. In addition, excellent catalysts are also provided. An aryl halomethane is reacted with a sodium trifluoromethane sulfinate, the arylmethyl triflone produced thereby is reacted with a t-BuLi and the like, the lithium salt of the arylmethyl triflone obtained is reacted with a trifluoromethane sulfonic acid anhydride, and an arylbis (trifluoromethylsulfony)methane such as pentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane, {4-(pentafluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl}bis(triflyl)methane and the like are obtained at a high yield.

Abstract: A head protection device in a data recording circuit is disclosed in which write-current of a given level that corresponds to a high or low level of coercive force of the magnetic recording portion of a recording medium is provided as an output and supplied to a magnetic head for data recording and reproduction. The data recording circuit comprises an alternate write-current supply portion for alternately providing, by a suitable current switching means, a low write-current corresponding to a low coercivity magnetic head and a high write-current corresponding to a high coercivity magnetic head, a common output portion for providing data to be recorded using a low current or a high current from the alternate write-current supply portion. The low coercivity magnetic head and the high coercivity magnetic head can be at least electrically switched. A current protection portion for a current switching means is provided so as to prevent generation of high write-current at the alternate write-current supply portion.

Abstract: In accordance with the invention, a contacts block mechanism of an IC contact card reader having a contacts block that contacts an input/output terminal on a card surface of an IC contact card for signal transmissions comprises contacts placed in the contacts block for making contact with the input/output terminal, a contacts attach/detach device for moving the contacts block into contact with or away from the input/output terminal and an IC card control circuit board to which one end of the contacts is electrically connected for signal transmissions with the IC card.

Abstract: In order to sample microorganisms in a first isolator 1 before, during, and after the operation of a filling system 4, first and second robots 6 and 7 that are provided in the first isolator 1 carry a sampling apparatus 5 to first and second sampling positions A and B to sample naturally dropping microorganisms, carry the sampling apparatus 5 to a third sampling position C to sample microorganisms floating around a filling nozzle 17b, and sample microorganisms adhering to the surfaces of the predetermined filling nozzle 17b and a cap feeder 18b at fourth and fifth sampling positions D and E, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid acid catalyst that is excellent from the point of toxicity, environment and others, wherein reaction can be progressed effectively with Bronsted acid or Lewis acid catalyst. For example, the benzoylation reaction of alcohol can also be progressed easily, and further, the catalyst can be recovered and recycled easily. The para position of arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane represented by the general formula [1] (wherein R1 shows a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, Rf1 and Rf2 are independent to each other and show a perfluoroalkyl group), a pentafluorophenylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane, for example, is supported on a polystyrene resin, and a polystyrene-supported arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane represented by the general formula [3] (wherein R3 shows a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group, Rf1 and Rf2 are the same as described above) is obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing various types of arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane having a bulky aryl group and an electron-accepting aryl group in which synthesis was conventionally considered to be difficult, at high efficiency; a novel arylbis(perfluoroalkylsulfonyl)methane that can be widely applied to asymmertric catalyst, various types of functional materials and the like; and a metallic salt thereof. In addition, excellent catalysts are also provided. An aryl halomethane is reacted with a sodium trifluoromethane sulfinate, the arylmethyl triflone produced thereby is reacted with a t-BuLi and the like, the lithium salt of the arylmethyl triflone obtained is reacted with a trifluoromethane sulfonic acid anhydride, and an arylbis(trifluoromethylsulfony)methane such as pentafluorophenylbis(triflyl)methane, {4-(pentafluorophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl}bis(triflyl)methane and the like are obtained at a high yield.