Abstract: An image formation unit according to an embodiment may include: a main body that holds an image carrier; and a shutter unit including first and second shutter members rotatably held with respect to the main body, wherein the shutter unit transits between an opened state where the first and second shutter members are unfolded, a closed state where the first and second shutter members are folded, and an intermediate state between the opened and closed states; a guide member supported by the main body and configured to regulate a movement of the second shutter member in a direction away from the image carrier while abutting on a first abutting portion of the second shutter member when transiting between the closed and opened states; and a holding member configured to abut on a second abutting portion of the second shutter member so as to hold the intermediate state.

Abstract: An image formation unit according to an embodiment may include: an image carrier unit in which an image carrier is supported; a developer carrier unit in which a developer carrier is supported; a first bias member provided at one end side in a longitudinal direction of the image formation unit and configured to bias the developer carrier unit toward the image carrier unit; a second bias member provided at the other end side in the longitudinal direction of the image formation unit and configured to bias the developer carrier unit toward the image carrier unit. A first bias direction of biasing the developer carrier unit toward the image carrier unit by the first bias member and a second bias direction of biasing the developer carrier unit toward the image carrier unit by the second bias member are not parallel to each other.

Abstract: An image forming unit includes an image carrier, a body, a shutter unit, a first guiding portion, and a holding portion. The body holds the image carrier with a portion of the image carrying surface being exposed. The shutter unit includes first and second shutter members. The first shutter member is held by the body, being pivotable about a first rotational axis relative to the body, and includes a first inner surface. The second shutter member is held by the first shutter member, being pivotable about a second rotational axis relative to the first shutter member, and includes a second inner surface and first and second contact portions. The shutter unit is shiftable between a closed state and an open state. The closed state is a state extended with the image carrying surface being covered. The open state is a state with the image carrying surface being exposed.

Abstract: An image forming unit includes an image carrier, a body, a shutter unit, a first guiding portion, and a holding portion. The body holds the image carrier with a portion of the image carrying surface being exposed. The shutter unit includes first and second shutter members. The first shutter member is held by the body, being pivotable about a first rotational axis relative to the body, and includes a first inner surface. The second shutter member is held by the first shutter member, being pivotable about a second rotational axis relative to the first shutter member, and includes a second inner surface and first and second contact portions. The shutter unit is shiftable between a closed state and an open state. The closed state is a state extended with the image carrying surface being covered. The open state is a state with the image carrying surface being exposed.

Abstract: A developer container according to an embodiment includes: a container having a space that contains a developer; an optical system includes a first optical member including first end face exposed to a containing space in the container and a second optical member including a second end face exposed to the containing space and being opposed to the first end face in a first direction, and on which the light is incident through the second end face; a shaft provided in the containing space to be rotatable about the first direction; a cleaning member provided to the shaft to be movable in the first direction to clean the first and second end faces by passing through a gap with a rotation of the shaft; and a guide member provided upstream of the optical system and that comes into contact with the cleaning member to guide the cleaning member to a gap.

Abstract: A developer container according to an embodiment includes: a container having a space that contains a developer; an optical system includes a first optical member including first end face exposed to a containing space in the container and a second optical member including a second end face exposed to the containing space and being opposed to the first end face in a first direction, and on which the light is incident through the second end face; a shaft provided in the containing space to be rotatable about the first direction; a cleaning member provided to the shaft to be movable in the first direction to clean the first and second end faces by passing through a gap with a rotation of the shaft; and a guide member provided upstream of the optical system and that comes into contact with the cleaning member to guide the cleaning member to a gap.

Abstract: A developer container includes: a housing having at least one storage chamber for storing developer; a first rotating member extending from a first end portion to a second end portion through at least one of the at least one storage chamber; a first gear connected to the first end portion; and a second gear connected to the second end portion, the first rotating member being configured to transmit driving force from the first gear to the second gear.

Abstract: A developer container includes: a housing having at least one storage chamber for storing developer; a first rotating member extending from a first end portion to a second end portion through at least one of the at least one storage chamber; a first gear connected to the first end portion; and a second gear connected to the second end portion, the first rotating member being configured to transmit driving force from the first gear to the second gear.

Abstract: A component for fabricating the electronic device comprises a substrate and a conductive film provided on the substrate, in which the adhesion of the conductive film to the substrate is not greater than 0.1 N/cm. The adhesion of the conductive film to the substrate is weak enough to enable the conductive film to be readily peeled from the substrate. This makes it possible to form a component on a substrate other than the substrate used during film formation, thereby greatly increasing the degree of product configuration freedom. If the adhesion of a lower conductive film on the substrate side is made to be not greater than 0.04 N/cm, it becomes very easy to peel the conductive film from the substrate.

Abstract: A film bulk acoustic wave resonator of the invention includes a substrate; a resonant structure provided on the substrate constituted by a lower electrode, a piezoelectric film and an upper electrode; and an acoustic multilayer of a plurality of reflective films provided between the substrate and the resonant structure. At least one of the reflective films of the acoustic multilayer has a specified crystal plane orientation, and an X-ray rocking curve full width at half maximum that is preferably not greater than 10 degrees, and more preferably is not greater than 3 degrees. This makes it possible to obtain better resonance characteristics than in the case of the prior art, by increasing the efficiency with which bulk waves propagating towards the substrate are reflected.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention has a first transducer connected to a first signal terminal, and a second transducer connected to a second signal terminal. The first transducer and the second transducer are stacked in a predetermined direction. At least one of the first transducer and the second transducer has a first piezoelectric film sandwiched between a pair of electrode films on both sides, and a second piezoelectric film comprised of a film type different from that of the first piezoelectric film and sandwiched between a pair of electrode films on both sides.

Abstract: The electronic device includes a substrate, a lower conductive film provided on the substrate, a functional film provided on the lower conductive film, and a crystallinity barrier film provided between the lower conductive film and the functional film. The present invention prevents the crystallinity of the functional film being affected by the crystallinity or the material selection of the lower conductive film, so it becomes possible to use a low-cost metal such as aluminum (Al) for the lower conductive film, and to use a low-cost method for forming the film, thereby making it possible to improve the crystallinity of the functional film without using a costly film-formation method such as epitaxial growth. For the crystallinity barrier film, there can be used a material having an amorphous structure.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention is a piezoelectric resonator for obtaining a signal of a predetermined resonance frequency from a bulk acoustic wave propagating inside a piezoelectric film. This piezoelectric resonator has a plurality of transducers stacked in a predetermined direction, and a propagation area of the bulk acoustic wave varies in a propagation direction of the bulk acoustic wave.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a substrate, a lower conductive film formed on the substrate and a functional film formed on the lower conductive film. In the present invention, an adhesion of the lower conductive film on the side of the substrate is greater than or equal to 0.1 N/cm. The electronic device according to this invention exhibits high mechanical strength that makes it very reliable. This is because the invention prevents the physical exfoliation of the lower conductive film that is apt to occur during or after fabrication of the electronic device when the adhesion of the lower conductive film is lower than 0.1 N/cm.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention has a first transducer connected to a first signal terminal, and a second transducer connected to a second signal terminal. The first transducer and the second transducer are stacked in a predetermined direction. At least one of the first transducer and the second transducer has a first piezoelectric film sandwiched between a pair of electrode films on both sides, and a second piezoelectric film comprised of a film type different from that of the first piezoelectric film and sandwiched between a pair of electrode films on both sides.

Abstract: A piezoelectric resonator according to an embodiment of the present invention is a piezoelectric resonator for obtaining a signal of a predetermined resonance frequency from a bulk acoustic wave propagating inside a piezoelectric film. This piezoelectric resonator has a plurality of transducers stacked in a predetermined direction, and a propagation area of the bulk acoustic wave varies in a propagation direction of the bulk acoustic wave.