Abstract: An automatically aligned liquid crystal display comprises an upper and a lower substrates, at least one polarizer,. at least one serial retardation films and a uniformly distributed and vertically or near-vertically aligned liquid crystal layer. The substrates have respectively a common electrode layer and a pixel electrode layer thereon. One of the electrode layers is transparent and the other is a layer of automatically aligned diffusing reflective or partially reflective devices. The device is formed on a single substrate. The automatically aligned liquid crystal display of the invention has different bump structures formed in the pixel region, around the boundary of the pixel region, at a contact hole near the pixel center, or around the boundary of the pixel region and the transparent area. The reflective or partially reflective liquid crystal display of the invention forms multiple domains with good properties of a very high contrast ratio and a wider viewing angle.

Abstract: An automatically aligned liquid crystal display comprises an upper and a lower substrates, at least one polarizer, at least one serial retardation films and a uniformly distributed and vertically or near-vertically aligned liquid crystal layer. The substrates have respectively a common electrode layer and a pixel electrode layer thereon. One of the electrode layers is transparent and the other is a layer of automatically aligned diffusing reflective or partially reflective devices. The device is formed on a single substrate. The automatically aligned liquid crystal display of the invention has different bump structures formed in the pixel region, around the boundary of the pixel region, at a contact hole near the pixel center, or around the boundary of the pixel region and the transparent area. The reflective or partially reflective liquid crystal display of the invention forms multiple domains with good properties of a very high contrast ratio and a wider viewing angle.

Abstract: A flat display displays images on both sides is disclosed. The flat display includes a liquid crystal molecule layer disposed between two substrates, and a driving array having a plurality of switch devices disposed on one of the substrates. Images are asynchronously displayed on both sides of the flat display by controlling a rotation state of the liquid crystal molecule layer by the driving array in cooperation with a light source provided by a light source module. The light source module includes two light-guiding plates. One of the light-guiding plates is disposed on the substrate having the driving array, and the other light-guiding plate is disposed on the other substrate having a color filter.

Abstract: Dual-sided flat panel display structure and operating method thereof. The disclosed panel can display different images on either side thereof resulting from alternative switch-over of the light sources, combined with image signals which control the images.

Abstract: A gray level correction device for a liquid crystal display is disclosed for applications in transflective liquid crystal displays. When the display image is switched between a transitive type and a reflective type, or the conditions of the external light source changes, the ? curve of the display is switched by a ?-curve correction device. Multi-mode ? curves are designed according to the variation of the source light. By comparing with a built-in database, the ? curve is switched to adjust the gray level to an optimized value, thereby obtaining the best display image in the transitive type and reflective type or the contrast in different environments.

Abstract: By employing an ultra-micro scattering layer with a top surface in a nano-scale roughness resulted from the crystallization or the property of the material within the ultra-micro scattering layer in a pixel for a fringe field switching liquid crystal display, the mask steps to manufacture the liquid crystal display and the cost therefore are reduced. The nano-scale roughness of the top surface on the ultra-micro scattering layer results in larger scattering angle and smooth distribution for the scattering effect. Accordingly, the reflectivity will not vary violently with the viewing angle, and excellent anti-glare effect is obtained also.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display (EPD) has two opposite substrates with electrodes, a fluid and multiple colored charged particles in the fluid. The substrates are defined reflective areas and transmissive areas and has a front face and a rear face. When a positive or negative electric potential is applied to the electrodes on the opposite substrates, the colored charged particles are collected to the reflective areas or the transmissive areas. Therefore, a front light radiated to the first substrate is reflected and a backlight radiated to the second substrate can be controlled to pass through the two opposite substrates. Thus, the EPD in accordance with the present invention can become the reflective or direct-viewing display or both of the reflective and direct-viewing display.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display (EPD) has two opposite substrates with electrodes, multiple colored charged particles in the fluid, reflective areas and transmissive areas defined on one of the two substrates or respectively on the two substrates. When a positive or negative electric potential is applied to the electrodes on the opposite substrates, the colored charged particles are collected to the reflective areas or the transmissive areas. Therefore, front light radiated to the first substrate can be controlled to reflect by the reflective areas and backlight radiated to the second substrate can be controlled to pass through the two opposite substrates. Thus, the EPD in accordance with the present invention can be operated in the reflective or direct-viewing display mode or both of the reflective and direct-viewing display mode.

Abstract: A dual-display flat display device having a first side and a second side opposite to first side includes a first light module for generating light beams, and a display panel having a transflective structure therein. Additionally, portions of the light beams are reflected by the transflective structure for displaying a first image on the first side of the dual-display flat display device, and portions of the light beams pass through the transflective structure for displaying a second image on the second side of the dual-display flat display device.

Abstract: A method for improving a response speed and a contrast ratio of a liquid crystal display is disclosed. The method includes applying one or more than one voltage within switching times by dividing a scanning period to generate a wanted gray level display state. The voltage to be applied includes a voltage more than a saturation voltage or a voltage that is approximately equal to the saturation voltage. The response speed of the liquid crystal molecules is improved to improve a response speed of the gray level display state. A contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display is improved by adjusting the correlation between the switching times.

Abstract: A structure of an ultra-micro reflector having abrasive surface with tapered micro bumps and free of resin layer and its fabrication method are provided. The reflector structure comprises mainly a layer of reflector metal, a scattering element with abrasive surface, and a layer of ITO. The abrasive surface has many tapered micro bumps. The reflector structure can be applied to a reflective or partially reflective LCD to achieve optimal performance. It makes the scattering angle of the reflective light source wider and more uniform. The variation of the gap of liquid crystal cells is greatly reduced, so that the reflective efficiency can be kept in an optimal condition. The reflector structure has larger scattering angle, smooth effect, and very good anti-glare effect. The fabrication process of the reflector structure is simple. The material cost for the abrasive surface is inexpensive.

Abstract: A method of reducing a fringe field effect in an LCD and related structure. The LCD includes a plurality of pixels thereon. The method includes forming a bump on at least a side of each pixel for controlling inclined directions of liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal cell, and forming a concave in each pixel for fixing a position of a reverse domain due to different inclined directions. The method and related structure is able to reduce the fringe field effect in a VAN LCOS display or a high resolution LCD. Consequently, the brightness uniformity and contrast ratio are improved while areas with poor display effect are reduced.

Abstract: A reflector structure in a multi-domain liquid crystal display comprises an active matrix device structure having regions of various height levels, a diffusing layer, and a structure of multi-domain reflective layer. The diffusing layer is formed above the active matrix device structure with multiple extruded bumps of various film thickness and various heights and shapes. The reflector structure has various reflective angles and reflective effects to improve the quality of LCD panel. It can be used in the reflective layer of a reflective or semi-reflective TN, STN, TFT, or TFD. The reflector fabrication process uses conventional process for a metal or an insulation layer on a TFT substrate to form multiple domains within a pixel area. After forming the cell structure of the multi-domain reflective layer, liquid crystal cells form multiple domains within a pixel area.

Abstract: The method uses one photomask and one-exposure steps wherein said photomask comprising two major portions that are formed by mirror image with each other, the wides of openings formed in said photomask being increased from a central portion to an edge portion, the spaces between two adjacent said openings being decreased from said central portion to said edge. Then, shift said substrate with a distance to a direction perpendicular to a surface of said photomask. Next, expose said photosensitive material layer by using said photomask; and developing the photosensitive material to form said bump structure.

Abstract: A transflective-type vertically aligned liquid crystal display (LCD) is described. At least one patterned transmitting opening is formed in an ultra minimal reflective layer. The ultra minimal reflective layer serving as a bottom electrode provides perfect reflective results. The ultra minimal reflective layer has a transflective structure serving as a scattering layer and further eliminates the fabrication steps to reduce manufacturing costs. The patterned bottom electrode corresponding to a top patterned transparent electrode divides the display unit into several domains to form a multi-domain structure. By employing a vertically aligned liquid crystal display with the multi-domain structure, a wide-viewing angle for the liquid crystal display is provided.

Abstract: An automatically aligned liquid crystal display comprises an upper and a lower substrates, at least one polarizer, at least one serial retardation films and a uniformly distributed and vertically or near-vertically aligned liquid crystal layer. The substrates have respectively a common electrode layer and a pixel electrode layer thereon. One of the electrode layers is transparent and the other is a layer of automatically aligned diffusing reflective or partially reflective devices. The device is formed on a single substrate. The automatically aligned liquid crystal display of the invention has different bump structures formed in the pixel region, around the boundary of the pixel region, at a contact hole near the pixel center, or around the boundary of the pixel region and the transparent area. The reflective or partially reflective liquid crystal display of the invention forms multiple domains with good properties of a very high contrast ratio and a wider viewing angle.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transflector with a high gain of light efficiency for an LCD including a bottom plate and an upper plate with a liquid crystal layer inserted therebetween. The transflector is arranged on the bottom plate side and comprises a transmissive region and a reflective region. To improve the gain of light efficiency for the LCD, the transflector is provided with a micro optical apparatus to gather the backlights to the transmissive region.

Abstract: A reflector structure in a liquid crystal display having light condensing effect comprises mainly an active device substrate, a condenser having diffraction or refraction effect being formed above the substrate, a spacing layer being formed above and covering the condenser, and a reflective unit being formed above the spacing layer. The condenser can be a holographic diffraction unit, micro prisms or micro lens unit. It can be on a TFT substrate or a color filter. The color filter can be located at the same or opposite side with the TFT substrate. The spacing layer may be an over coat layer, a color filter, a color filter and an over coat layer on the color filter, or a substrate. The reflective unit also has various structures, reflective angles, and reflective effects. The invention utilizes the condenser to collect light. 60% to 95% of unused backlight is collected. The backlight gain is over 120% to 400%, thereby greatly saving the power consumption for the backlight source.

Abstract: A thin-film transistor and a liquid crystal display having an ultra minimal rough reflective layer on pixel design are described. An ultra minimal rough reflective layer with an ultra minimal rough surface is formed on a substrate. The ultra minimal rough reflective layer includes an amorphous or partial crystalline indium tin oxide layer and a silicon-containing rugged layer to form the ultra minimal rough surface. A reflective layer conformal to the rugged layer is then formed thereon to obtain an ultra minimal roughness reflective surface, thereby to enhance reflective results.

Abstract: A reflector structure in a multi-domain liquid crystal display comprises an active matrix device structure having regions of various height levels, a diffusing layer, and a structure of multi-domain reflective layer. The diffusing layer is formed above the active matrix device structure with multiple extruded bumps of various film thickness and various heights and shapes. The reflector structure has various reflective angles and reflective effects to improve the quality of LCD panel. It can be used in the reflective layer of a reflective or semi-reflective TN, STN, TFT, or TFD. The reflector fabrication process uses conventional process for a metal or an insulation layer on a TFT substrate to form multiple domains within a pixel area. After forming the cell structure of the multi-domain reflective layer, liquid crystal cells form multiple domains within a pixel area.