Abstract: A method of controlling brightness of a user-selected area on a monitor screen is disclosed. First, a starting point of a topmost line of a displayed image is determined as a new reference point. Then a line pattern being included in one of image lines of the displayed image is detected. The pattern includes an indicator whose ends are horizontally aligned with vertical edges of the user-selected area. Next, horizontal distances of the vertical edges with respect to the reference point, and a highlight area is identified using the measured horizontal distances. Finally, a brightness gain of the identified highlight area is amplified.

Abstract: A MIM capacitor can be formed by forming an insulating layer on a source/drain region of a transistor. A first pattern is formed on the insulating layer. A recess is formed in the insulating layer using the first pattern, wherein the recess exposes the source/drain region. A first electrode layer is formed in the recess on the source/drain region. A dielectric layer and a second electrode layer are formed on the first electrode layer in the recess. A second pattern is formed on the second electrode layer. The MIM capacitor is formed by removing a portion of the second electrode and the dielectric layer using the second pattern.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device comprising: sequentially forming a supporting layer and a sacrificial layer over a semiconductor substrate; forming an opening by patterning the sacrificial layer and the supporting layer; forming a bottom electrode covering the inner wall and the bottom of the opening; removing the sacrificial layer by a wet etch process; and forming a dielectric layer and an upper electrode on the bottom electrode and the supporting layer, wherein the sacrificial layer is formed of a material having a faster wet etch rate than the supporting layer.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging apparatus comprising multiple anti-reflective layers which can improve a smear characteristic while suppressing a dark defect and a method for fabricating the multiple anti-reflective layers are provided. The solid-state imaging apparatus includes a light receiving unit, a charge transfer unit, and multiple anti-reflective layers. The method includes forming a first anti-reflective layer, forming a second anti-reflective layer, forming a photoresist mask, removing the second anti-reflective layer, and removing the first anti-reflective layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hinge structure for a flat visual display device. The hinge structure comprises: a fixed plate and pivotal plates respectively fastened to the flat visual display device and a supporting portion for straightening the flat visual display device; rotation shafts with first ends placed in the side of the fixed plate and second ends placed in the side of the pivotal plates, the first or second ends being fixed to allow relative rotational movement between the fixed and pivotal plates; braking members provided around the rotation shafts for applying braking force; and braking housings provided around the braking members and with first fixed ends opposite to the fixed ends of the rotation shaft for applying braking force to faces contacting with the braking members.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hinge assembly capable of adjusting a tilting angle of a display in a display appliance. The hinge assembly includes a movable plate fixed to a rear side of the display and having a through-hole, a stationary plate coupled to a stand for the display appliance and having a through-hole, a hinge shaft passing through the through-holes of the movable and stationary plates having a head portion, a coupling member fixed to one end of the hinge shaft, a first washer disposed between the head portion of the hinge shaft and the movable plate, a second washer disposed between the movable and stationary plates, a third washer disposed between the stationary plate and the coupling member, and an elastic washer disposed between the head portion of the hinge shaft and the coupling member for applying compressive elasticity to the hinge shaft in an axial direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hinge assembly capable of adjusting a tilting angle of a display in a display appliance. The hinge assembly includes a movable plate fixed to a rear side of the display and having a through-hole, a stationary plate coupled to a stand for the display appliance and having a thorug-hole, a hinge shaft passing through the through-holes of the movable and stationary plates and having a head portion, a coupling member fixed to one end of the hinge shaft, a fist washer disposed between the head portion of the hinge shaft and the moveable plate, a second washer disposed between the movable and stationary plates, third washer disposed between the stationary plate and the coupling member and fixed to the coupling member, and an elastic washer disposed between the head portion of the hinge shaft and the coupling member for applying compressive elasticity to the hinge shaft in an axial direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hinge assembly capable of adjusting a tilting angle of a display in a display appliance. The hinge assembly includes a movable plate fixed to a rear side of the display and having a through-hole, a stationary plate coupled to a stand for the display appliance and having a through-hole, a hinge shaft passing through the through-holes of the movable and stationary plates and having a head portion, a coupling member fixed to one end of the hinge shaft, a first washer disposed between the head portion of the hinge shaft and the movable plate, first and secondary washers disposed at both sides of the through-hole of the movable plate, and third and fourth stationary washers disposed at both sides of the through-hole of the stationary plate. At least one of the first, second, third and fourth stationary washes is an elastic washer for applying compressive elasticity to the hinge shaft in an axial direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hinge assembly capable of adjusting a tilting angle of a display in a display appliance. The hinge assembly includes a movable plate fixed to a rear side of the display and having a through-hole, a stationary plate coupled to a stand for the display appliance and having a through-hole, a hinge shaft passing through the through-holes of the movable and stationary plates and having a head portion, a coupling member fixed to one end of the hinge shaft, a first washer disposed between the head portion of the hinge shaft and the movable plate, a second washer disposed between the movable and stationary plates, a third washer disposed between the stationary plate and the coupling member, and a stationary washer fixedly engaged to any one of the movable and stationary plates, the stationary washer being an elastic washer for applying compressive elasticity to the hinge shaft in an axial direction.

Abstract: Disclosed is a hinge assembly capable of adjusting a tilting angle of a display in a display appliance. The hinge assembly includes a movable plate fixed to a rear side of the display and having a through-hole, a stationary plate coupled to a stand for the display appliance and having a through-hole, a hinge shaft passing through the through-holes of the movable and stationary plates having a head portion, a coupling member fixed to one end of the hinge shaft, a first washer disposed between the head portion of the hinge shaft and the movable plate, a second washer disposed between the movable and stationary plates, a third washer disposed between the stationary plate and the coupling member, and an elastic washer disposed between the head portion of the hinge shaft and the coupling member for applying compressive elasticity to the hinge shaft in an axial direction.

Abstract: A semiconductor contact structure for a merged dynamic random access memory and a logic circuit (MDL) and a method of manufacturing the contact structure to: (i) a cell contact pad; (ii) at least one active region; and (iii) at least one gate electrode simultaneously, whereby an electric short between the gate electrodes and the cell contact pad is avoided, even in the event a lithographic misalignment occurs and whereby it is possible to obtain an overlap margin in the cell region, even with an improved metal contact to the gate electrode in the peripheral circuit region of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: A display system for adjusting video parameters of a user-selected area is disclosed. The display system includes a level detector detecting a line pattern included in one of a plurality of image lines representative of a complete image being displayed, and a pattern receiver coupled to the level detector for receiving the detected pattern, where the received pattern includes a position indicator whose ends are vertically aligned with vertical edges of the user-selected area. In addition, the display system further includes a pixel counter coupled to the pattern receiver for measuring a set of horizontal positions of the indicator ends with respect to a reference point, a pattern analyzer calculating a set of horizontal positions of vertical edges of a video control area on the basis of the positions of the indicator ends, and a video preamplifier adjusting at least one of video parameters of the video control area.

Abstract: A method of forming a semiconductor device comprising: sequentially forming a supporting layer and a sacrificial layer over a semiconductor substrate; forming an opening by patterning the sacrificial layer and the supporting layer; forming a bottom electrode covering the inner wall and the bottom of the opening; removing the sacrificial layer by a wet etch process; and forming a dielectric layer and an upper electrode on the bottom electrode and the supporting layer, wherein the sacrificial layer is formed of a material having a faster wet etch rate than the supporting layer.

Abstract: A golf ball having direction-sighting indications, with which a golfer can easily sight a direction for the golf ball to fly when he/she strikes the ball with one of golf clubs, and a mold for manufacturing such golf balls. The golf ball according to the present invention has a first indicating line having a plurality of indicating holes distinguishable in shape and dimension from normal dimples formed on an outer surface of the golf ball. The first indicating line establishes a straight line extending along an equator on the surface of the golf ball to form a first direction indicating line, on which a starting point and an ending point are identical. A second indicating line, having a plurality of indicating holes identical in shape and dimension to those of the first indicating line, is formed on the surface of the golf ball.

Abstract: A method, display system, computer software product for controlling an icon appearance are disclosed. A display controller of the display system displays an icon control window on a display screen of the display system for changing an icon appearance of the display system conveniently. The control window includes at least one sample icon for a user's preview, and the sample icon's appearance is automatically updated upon receiving inputs for a new icon appearance from a user. When the user is satisfied with the updated sample icon's appearance and enters an execution command, the display controller finally changes the icon appearance of the display system by changing corresponding display properties according to the user inputs.

Abstract: A capacitor includes an upper electrode formed by physical vapor deposition and chemical vapor deposition. The upper electrode of the capacitor may include a first upper electrode formed by chemical vapor deposition and a second upper electrode formed by physical vapor deposition. Alternatively, the upper electrode may include a first upper electrode formed by physical vapor deposition and a second upper electrode formed by chemical vapor deposition. The upper electrode of the capacitor is formed through two steps using chemical vapor deposition and physical vapor deposition. Therefore, the upper electrode can be thick and rapidly formed, whereby electrical characteristics of the upper electrode are not deteriorated.

Abstract: A method of controlling brightness of a user-selected area on a monitor screen is disclosed. First, a starting point of a topmost line of a displayed image is determined as a new reference point. Then a line pattern being included in one of image lines of the displayed image is detected. The pattern includes an indicator whose ends are horizontally aligned with vertical edges of the user-selected area. Next, horizontal distances of the vertical edges with respect to the reference point, and a highlight area is identified using the measured horizontal distances. Finally, a brightness gain of the identified highlight area is amplified.

Abstract: A spin-on glass (SOG) composition and a method of forming a silicon oxide layer utilizing the SOG composition are disclosed. The method includes coating on a semiconductor substrate having a surface discontinuity, an SOG composition containing perhydropolysilazane having a compound of the formula —(SiH2NH)n— wherein n represents a positive integer, a weight average molecular weight within the range of about 4,000 to 8,000, and a molecular weight dispersion within the range of about 3.0 to 4.0, to form a planar SOG layer. The SOG layer is converted to a silicon oxide layer with a planar surface by curing the SOG layer. Also disclosed is a semiconductor device made by the method.

Abstract: A golf ball having direction-sighting indications, with which a golfer can easily sight a direction for the golf ball to fly when he/she strikes the ball with one of golf clubs, and a mold for manufacturing such golf balls. The golf ball according to the present invention has a first indicating line having a plurality of indicating holes distinguishable in shape and dimension from normal dimples formed on an outer surface of the golf ball. The first indicating line establishes a straight line extending along an equator on the surface of the golf ball to form a first direction indicating line, on which a starting point and an ending point are identical. A second indicating line, having a plurality of indicating holes identical in shape and dimension to those of the first indicating line, is formed on the surface of the golf ball.

Abstract: A cylinder-type capacitor of a semiconductor device includes a lower electrode that is formed of a conductive layer which directly contacts a conductive region on a semiconductor substrate. The lower electrode comprises a first cylinder in contact with the conductive region and a second cylinder on and in contact with the first cylinder, the second cylinder being larger in width than the first cylinder. A dielectric layer is on the lower electrode. An upper electrode is on the dielectric layer. The upper electrode extends into the first and second cylinders. According to the present invention, a semiconductor cylinder-type capacitor is provided at a relatively low production cost using simplified fabrication processes.