Abstract: A diffractive optical element including a diffraction layer including a plurality of optical axes along an in-plane direction, wherein the diffraction layer includes an anisotropic material that satisfies one of Relationship Equations 1A to 3A ?n1(450 nm)<?n1(550 nm)??n1(650 nm)??Relationship Equation 1A ?n1(450 nm)??n1(550 nm)<?n1(650 nm)??Relationship Equation 2A ?n1(450 nm)=?n1(550 nm)=?n1(650 nm)??Relationship Equation 3A wherein, in Relationship Equations 1A to 3A, ?n1 (450 nm) is a birefringence of the anisotropic material at a wavelength of 450 nanometers, ?n1 (550 nm) is a birefringence of the anisotropic material at a wavelength of 550 nanometers, and ?n1 (650 nm) is a birefringence of the anisotropic material at a wavelength of 650 nanometers.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of electrode structures formed on a substrate; and an upper supporter group and a lower supporter between upper ends and lower ends of the plurality of electrode structures The upper supporter group includes a plurality of supporters, and at least some of the plurality of supporters each have an upper surface and a lower surface. One of the upper surface and the lower surface has a curved profile, and the other surface has a flat profile.

Abstract: Disclosed are a solid electrolyte composite having high flexibility and strength, a method of manufacturing the same and an electrochemical device including the same. The solid electrolyte composite includes a matrix including a solid electrolyte, and fibrous polymers located in the same layer as the matrix and distributed in the matrix, and is manufactured by preparing a first solution including a polymer material, preparing a second solution including a solid electrolyte, producing fibrous polymers by electrospinning the first solution and simultaneously obtaining a structure configured such that the solid electrolyte is loaded between the fibrous polymers by electrospraying the second solution, and pressing the structure.

Abstract: An air conditioner and a method for controlling the same are disclosed. The air conditioner includes a compressor; an indoor fan configured to blow an indoor air; and a controller configured to change and control a revolutions per minute (RPM) of the indoor fan to a predetermined time when the compressor is off.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present system and method includes a first insulation substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the first insulation substrate, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, a protrusion disposed on the pixel electrode, a second insulation substrate facing the first insulation substrate, a common electrode disposed on the second insulation substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, wherein one pixel includes a thin film transistor formation region where the thin film transistor is disposed and a display area where the pixel electrode is disposed, and the protrusion is disposed to overlay at least a portion of edges of the display area.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified microorganism producing putrescine or ornithine, and a method for producing putrescine or ornithine using the same.

Abstract: In one aspect of the present specification, provided is a method for predicting a side effect of a whitening ingredient, the method comprising measuring at least one of i) the increase in toxicity according to long-term use of a whitening ingredient, ii) the difference between a concentration having whitening effect and a concentration having cell toxicity, and iii) the increase in sensitivity to the whitening ingredient according to ultraviolet pretreatment. In addition, the method has an effect of effectively predicting whether a side effect will occur if the whitening ingredient is used for a long time.

Abstract: Provided is a battery managing device that stores surplus power provided from a system via a power managing device, and controls the charging and discharging of a battery formed of multiple battery modules which supply stored power to the system. The battery managing device includes: a switch block that connects the multiple battery modules to the power managing device; a charging circuit that charges the battery by means of the power input from the power managing device; a smoothing circuit that discharges or charges the battery according to the real-time power deficit/surplus state of the system; and a control circuit that controls the operation of the switching block, the charging circuit, and the smoothing circuit.

Abstract: An electronic component module includes a first substrate mounted on an upper surface of a second substrate such that at least a portion of a lower surface of the first substrate is exposed externally of the second substrate and electronic devices mounted on the first substrate and the second substrate, including at least one electronic device mounted on the upper surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display according to an exemplary embodiment of the present system and method includes a first insulation substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the first insulation substrate, a pixel electrode connected to the thin film transistor, a protrusion disposed on the pixel electrode, a second insulation substrate facing the first insulation substrate, a common electrode disposed on the second insulation substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, wherein one pixel includes a thin film transistor formation region where the thin film transistor is disposed and a display area where the pixel electrode is disposed, and the protrusion is disposed to overlay at least a portion of edges of the display area.

Abstract: This invention relates to a bipolar plate for a fuel cell having a controlled structure of carbon materials and a method of manufacturing the same, the method including obtaining a masterbatch by mixing a first carbon material powder having a size ranging from 0.1 to 200 ?m with a polymer resin, forming a masterbatch powder by crushing the masterbatch, preparing a conductive composition by mixing the masterbatch powder with a second carbon material powder having a size ranging from 300 ?m to 1 mm, and manufacturing a bipolar plate by subjecting the conductive composition to compression molding. Thereby, carbon materials in a powder phase having different sizes can be uniformly dispersed via a masterbatch to thus shorten a conductive path, thereby decreasing electrical resistivity, and furthermore, dispersion in the polymer resin can be improved, thereby increasing flexural strength.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified microorganism producing putrescine or ornithine, and a method for producing putrescine or ornithine using the same.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a sulfide-based solid electrolyte doped with an alkaline earth metal for improving the ionic conductivity thereof and a method of manufacturing the same. The sulfide-based solid electrolyte is represented by Chemical Formula 1 below. The sulfide-based solid electrolyte exhibits high voltage stability and ionic conductivity. Consequently, it is possible to obtain an all-solid-state battery having a large capacity and stable behavior using the sulfide-based solid electrolyte. Li6-2xMexPS5Ha ??[Chemical Formula 1] wherein Me is an alkaline earth metal element, Ha is a halogen element, and 0<x?0.5.

Abstract: A method and system of controlling an engine for vehicle interior heating is provided. The method includes performing a first engine control when the engine is not in an engine-on state for vehicle driving, to perform heating control for interior heating at a predetermined range of a reference coolant temperature. Additionally, the method includes performing a second engine control when the engine is in an engine-on state for vehicle driving, to prolong an engine-on time for vehicle driving by setting a minimum value of the range of the reference coolant temperature to a lower value and setting a maximum value of the range of the reference coolant temperature to a higher value and to determine a point of time of engine-off operation based on a real-time lock up time and an average lock up time of an engine clutch for vehicle driving.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an all-solid-state battery includes preparing a solid electrolyte layer, providing lithium metal to the solid electrolyte layer to prepare a stack, and radiating ultrasonic waves or sound waves to the stack. The method provides an all-solid-state battery with a stable interface between an anode formed of lithium metal and a solid electrolyte layer.

Abstract: An optical filter comprising a light absorption layer and a near-infrared reflection layer, and an imaging device comprising the optical filter are provided. Wherein the light absorption layer has an absorption maximum in a wavelength range of 670 to 720 nm, a wavelength at which the near-infrared reflection layer has a light transmittance of 50% is in a range of 690 to 720 nm, and the optical filter satisfies the following Mathematical Formula 1: ?E*?1.5??[Mathematical Formula 1] wherein the ?E* value represents a color difference between light that is incident in a vertical direction of the optical filter and passes through the optical filter and light that is incident at an angle of 30° with respect to the vertical direction of the optical filter and passes through the optical filter.

Abstract: An all-solid-state battery includes: a cathode substrate; a cathode portion; a solid electrolyte layer; an anode portion; and an anode substrate. The cathode portion includes a cathode active material, a first solid electrolyte, a conductive material, and a binder, the anode portion is configured by a first anode portion having a pore structure and a second anode portion having metal foil, and the first anode portion includes a second solid electrolyte, a conductive material, and a binder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a modified microorganism producing putrescine or ornithine, and a method for producing putrescine or ornithine using the same.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first fin type pattern and a second fin type pattern, which are isolated from each other by an isolating trench, and extend in a first direction on a substrate, respectively, a third fin type pattern which is spaced apart from the first fin type pattern and the second fin type pattern in a second direction and extends in the first direction, a field insulation film on a part of sidewalls of the first to third fin type patterns, a device isolation structure, which extends in the second direction, and is in the isolating trench, a gate insulation support, which extends in the first direction on the field insulation film between the first fin type pattern and the third fin type pattern, a gate structure, which intersects the third fin type pattern, extends in the second direction, and is in contact with the gate insulation support, wherein a height from the substrate to a bottom surface of the gate structure is greater than a height from the substrate to a bottom surface of the

Abstract: A method of performing a read operation on nonvolatile memory device comprises receiving a read command, receiving addresses, detecting a transition of a read enable signal, generating a strobe signal based on the transition of the read enable signal, reading data corresponding to the received addresses, and outputting the read data after the strobe signal is toggled a predetermined number of times.