Abstract: A complex spatial light modulator for modulating a phase and amplitude of a light beam and a 3-dimensional (3D) display including the same are provided. The complex spatial light modulator includes a spatial light modulator modulating a phase of a light beam, a lenticular lens array disposed next to the spatial light modulator, and a volume holographic lens array spaced apart from the lenticular lens array and allowing light beams output from the lenticular lens array to be superimposed and to interfere with each other, and so that the phase and an amplitude of the light beam are simultaneously modulated.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a touch substrate; a waveguide layer arranged on the touch substrate, the waveguide layer including a plurality of waveguides; an optical output structure arranged on the waveguide layer and configured to output light propagating in the plurality of waveguides at touched locations on the touch substrate; a gap layer arranged to provide a predetermined gap between the waveguide layer and the optical output structure; and an optical system, which projects light output by the optical output structure.

Abstract: An illumination unit is provided including a coherent light source; a projection optical element which focuses a light beam emitted from the coherent light source onto a focal plane; and a holographic optical element interposed between the coherent light source and the projection optical element, and having an interference pattern formed thereon. The holographic optical element diffracts the light beam emitted from the coherent light source and emits the diffracted light to the projection optical element. Here, the interference pattern on the holographic optical element may have information that diffracts the light beam and thereby cancels a diffraction of the light beam due to an aberration of the projection optical element.

Abstract: Image sensors, and electronic devices including the same, include a first photo-sensing device sensing light in a full visible to near infrared ray region, a second photo-sensing device sensing light in a blue wavelength region, a third photo-sensing device sensing light in a red wavelength region, and a fourth photo-sensing device sensing light in a green wavelength region. At least one of the first photo-sensing device, the second photo-sensing device, the third photo-sensing device, and the fourth photo-sensing device includes a pair of light-transmitting electrodes facing each other, and a photoactive layer between the light-transmitting electrodes. The photoactive layer includes an organic light-absorbing material.

Abstract: Provided are examples of light modulators and optical apparatuses that may include the light modulators. A light modulator may include a plasmonic nano-antenna and an element for changing plasmon resonance characteristics of the plasmonic nano-antenna. The plasmon resonance characteristics of the plasmonic nano-antenna may be changed due to a change in refractive index of the element, and thus light may be modulated.

Abstract: An acousto-optic device capable of increasing a range of a diffraction angle of output light by using a nanostructured acousto-optic medium, and an optical scanner, an optical modulator, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) conversion stereoscopic image display apparatus, and a holographic display apparatus using the acousto-optic device. The acousto-optic device may include a nanostructured acousto-optic medium formed by at least two different mediums repeatedly alternating with each other, wherein at least one of the at least two different mediums includes an acousto-optic medium. The acousto-optic device having the aforementioned structure may increase the range of a diffraction angle of output light.

Abstract: Provided are a complex spatial light modulator and a three-dimensional image display device including the same. The complex spatial light modulator includes: a spatial light modulator for modulating a phase of light; a prism array disposed next to the spatial light modulator; and a polarization-independent diffractive element for diffracting light that has passed through the prism array. The complex spatial light modulator may modulate both phase and amplitude of light.

Abstract: An acousto-optic device capable of increasing a range of a diffraction angle of output light by using a nanostructured acousto-optic medium, and an optical scanner, an optical modulator, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) conversion stereoscopic image display apparatus, and a holographic display apparatus using the acousto-optic device. The acousto-optic device may include a nanostructured acousto-optic medium formed by at least two different mediums repeatedly alternating with each other, wherein at least one of the at least two different mediums includes an acousto-optic medium. The acousto-optic device having the aforementioned structure may increase the range of a diffraction angle of output light.

Abstract: Provided are a light guide member, a lighting apparatus including the light guide member, and a method of fabricating the light guide member. The light guide member comprises: a body, which is formed as a transparent plate, including a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface; and a plurality of dimple type optical controllers formed beneath at least one of the first surface and the second surface and having reflective surfaces that reflect light proceeding between the first and second surfaces of the body toward at least one of the first and second surfaces.

Abstract: An apparatus for displaying a holographic three-dimensional (3D) image is provided. The apparatus includes: a holographic pattern generation unit; a spatial optical modulation device including a phase transition layer formed of a phase transition material, a phase of which is changed by a temperature. A holographic pattern generated by the holographic pattern generation unit is optically addressed on the spatial optical modulation device. The apparatus also includes a heat source for applying heat to the phase transition layer; a control unit for controlling the heat source according to holographic pattern information generated by the holographic pattern generation unit; and a reproduction light source for irradiating light for image reproduction onto the spatial optical modulation device.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) image display apparatus and method are provided. The 3D image display apparatus includes an image generating unit configured to generate an image, an active optical device configured to change a propagation path of light containing the generated image, and provide the generated image to multiple viewpoints that are located along a first direction parallel to the image generating unit, and a varifocal lens configured to vary a focal position of the generated image along a second direction away from the image generating unit.

Abstract: Provided are examples of light modulators and optical apparatuses that may include the light modulators. A light modulator may include a plasmonic nano-antenna and an element for changing plasmon resonance characteristics of the plasmonic nano-antenna. The plasmon resonance characteristics of the plasmonic nano-antenna may be changed due to a change in refractive index of the element, and thus light may be modulated.

Abstract: Provided are a complex spatial light modulator and a three-dimensional (3D) image display including the same. The complex spatial light modulator includes a spatial light modulator configured to modulate a phase of a light beam, a prism array disposed after the spatial light modulator and including an array of prism portions each having a first prism surface and a second prism surface, and a diffractive device configured to diffract a light beam that has passed through the prism array. Accordingly, both the phase and amplitude of the light beam may be modulated.

Abstract: Provided are an optically addressable spatial light modulator (OASLM) divided into a plurality of segments, and an apparatus and method for displaying a holographic three-dimensional (3D) image using the OASLM. The holographic 3D image display apparatus includes a first light source which emits a write beam, an electric addressable spatial light modulator (EASLM) which modulates the write beam emitted from the first light source according to hologram information regarding a 3D image, a second light source which emits a read beam, an OASLM which receives the write beam modulated by the EASLM and modulates the read beam emitted from the second light source according to hologram information included in the modulated write beam, a scanning optical unit which projects the write beam modulated by the EASLM onto the OASLM, and a Fourier lens which focuses the read beam modulated by the OASLM onto a predetermined space to form the 3D image.

Abstract: An electronic device for detecting a position of an object is disclosed, The electronic device includes an optical source configured to emit light to a detection area, a light concentrator configured to concentrate light reflected by a target object located in a detection area, a light receiver configured to receive through photodiodes the reflected light concentrated by the light concentrator and to output a light quantity pattern of the reflected light, and a processor configured to determine the position of the target object based on the light quantity pattern of the reflected light.

Abstract: Provided are examples of light modulators and optical apparatuses that may include the light modulators. A light modulator may include a plasmonic nano-antenna and an element for changing plasmon resonance characteristics of the plasmonic nano-antenna. The plasmon resonance characteristics of the plasmonic nano-antenna may be changed due to a change in refractive index of the element, and thus light may be modulated.

Abstract: A backlight unit of a three-dimensional (3D) display has a plurality of cells and a 3D image is formed by adjusting directions of light emitted from the cells. The backlight unit includes an emission unit that adjusts an emission direction of light from a cell with respect to other cells. The backlight unit divides view areas to provide left-eye and right-eye images, thereby generating a 3D image.

Abstract: A surface light source device is provided. The surface light source device includes a light source, a beam splitter configured to split a light irradiated from the light source into a plurality of light beams each having a different path, a diffusion unit configured to diffuse the plurality of light beams split by the beam splitter into a surface light, and a collimating unit configured to arrange the plurality of light beams diffused from the diffusion unit in one direction.

Abstract: Image sensors, and electronic devices including the same, include a first photo-sensing device sensing light in a full visible to near infrared ray region, a second photo-sensing device sensing light in a blue wavelength region, a third photo-sensing device sensing light in a red wavelength region, and a fourth photo-sensing device sensing light in a green wavelength region. At least one of the first photo-sensing device, the second photo-sensing device, the third photo-sensing device, and the fourth photo-sensing device includes a pair of light-transmitting electrodes facing each other, and a photoactive layer between the light-transmitting electrodes. The photoactive layer includes an organic light-absorbing material.

Abstract: Provided are a complex spatial light modulator and a three-dimensional (3D) image display including the same. The complex spatial light modulator includes a spatial light modulator configured to modulate a phase of a light beam, a prism array disposed after the spatial light modulator and including an array of prism portions each having a first prism surface and a second prism surface, and a diffractive device configured to diffract a light beam that has passed through the prism array. Accordingly, both the phase and amplitude of the light beam may be modulated.