Abstract: Nucleic acids and polypeptides were identified and isolated from Poncirus trifoliata, a sexually compatible close relative of Citrus. These sequences, when present in a plant genome, result in the expression of resistance to CTV infection. Several methods of transforming citrus plants to produce citrus plants that are resistant to the broad genetic diversity of CTV strains are described. Transformed CTV-resistant germplasm and breeding lines can be used in conventional breeding programs to create new cultivars that carry and express the resistance genes.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus for forming a WDM signal having orthogonally polarized optical channels are disclosed. Utilizing the optical channels formed using non-polarization-maintaining components, the apparatus selectively controls a state of polarization (SOP) of each optical channel.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus for forming a WDM signal having orthogonally polarized optical channels are disclosed. Utilizing the optical channels formed using non-polarization-maintaining components, the apparatus selectively controls a state of polarization (SOP) of each optical channel.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing dispersion in an optical transmission line is provided. The system and method comprise measuring the amplitude of a d.c. voltage component of a synchronously demodulated data signal of at least one wavelength channel by an in-phase carrier at the baud frequency of the wavelength channel. In an alternative embodiment, the system and method comprise measuring the IF amplitude of the resulting a.c. signal of a data signal of the at least one wavelength channel comprising a received RZ signal mixed with a local oscillator, whose frequency differs from the wavelength channel baud by a relatively small amount, somewhere on the order of about 100 kHz.

Abstract: Embodiments of an apparatus for forming a WDM signal having orthogonally polarized optical channels are disclosed. Utilizing the optical channels formed using non-polarization-maintaining components, the apparatus selectively controls a state of polarization (SOP) of each optical channel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus of performing polarization control for optical transmissions are provided. The methods and apparatus enable polarization control devices to achieve a desired output state of polarization regardless of the input state of polarization. The desires state of polarization can be achieved by rotating waveplates in a polarization controller in a sequential fashion. Each waveplate may be continually adjusted or dithered so long as the feedback signal satisfies a feedback condition. Once the feedback signal exceeds the feedback condition, the next waveplate in the polarization controller is adjusted. This enables the methods and apparatus to rapidly adjust the state of polarization away from dead spots and minimize loss control problems.

Abstract: A wavelength monitor and control system and method for a WDM optical transmission system is disclosed. The system comprises a heterodyne-based detection device with a real-time externally calibrated tunable laser.

Abstract: A banana plug comprising a core pole and copper outer tube, elastic outer copper hull which wrap subsection out of the core pole, wherein a mandril aperture is extending through the core pole in its longitudinal direction, an insulative sheath is attached to inner wall of the mandril aperture, and an inner-contact hollow copper pole with a deep hole or a through hole at tip, is inserted into the insulative sheath. The banana plug is configurated to the inner copper pole, outer tube which are insulative each other by means of improving structure inside of the core pole without changing outer shape and structure of the plug. It provides two contacts or an additional optical contact.

Abstract: A system and method for optimizing dispersion in an optical transmission line is provided. The system and method comprise measuring the amplitude of a d.c. voltage component of a synchronously demodulated data signal of at least one wavelength channel by an in-phase carrier at the baud frequency of the wavelength channel. In an alternative embodiment, the system and method comprise measuring the IF amplitude of the resulting a.c. signal of a data signal of the at least one wavelength channel comprising a received RZ signal mixed with a local oscillator, whose frequency differs from the wavelength channel baud by a relatively small amount, somewhere on the order of about 100 kHz.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the arylation of lactones to form to chiral and achiral aryllactones having high enantioselectivity where applicable.

Abstract: Nucleic acid molecules Rcan5 and Rcan6 derived from Poncirus confer disease resistance to citrus tristeza virus (CTV) infection in a non-Poncirus plant. Methods of conferring disease resistance to CTV infection, as well as citrus plants having a nucleic acid molecule that induces disease resistance to CTV infection are described.