Abstract: A system (e.g., a digital-to-analog converter (DAC)) includes a digital section and an analog section. The digital section has drivers that generate drive signals based on received digital input signals. The drive signals are received at switches in the analog section of the DAC. The switches generate analog signals therefrom. Swing values of the drive signals are limited to a predetermined amount to substantially eliminate glitch in the analog signals. The drivers can be coupled between first and second nodes that receive different power signal values. Controlling the power signal values allows for the limiting of the swing values. Limiting the swing values limits stored charged in the first and second switches, which substantially eliminates glitch in the analog signals. This can be done regardless on environmental variances (e.g., temperature variance) during operation of the DAC.

Abstract: A design for a differential amplifier with a large input common mode signal range. The differential amplifier comprises two differential pairs, each having two amplifying MOSFETs. A source follower is connected to the gate terminal of each amplifying MOSFET in one of the differential pairs. A differential signal applied to the differential amplifier comprises two separate signal. Each separate signal is applied to the gate terminals of both the amplifying MOSFET in the differential pair not driven by the source follower and the driven MOSFET of the source follower. The differential amplifier further comprises a pair of switch MOSFETs connected to a current source MOSFET. The switch MOSFETs act to control the distribution of the total current flowing from the current source MOSFET and, consequently, to determine which differential pair works dominantly to amplify the input signals.

Abstract: This invention describes an improved design of CMOS. digital input circuits. This improvement reduces the switching level uncertainty range and thus increases the noise margin, compensating for manufacturing process variations. This improvement is achieved by providing resistive compensation devices in series with the P-type and the N-type CMOS transistors in the first stage of a multistage digital input circuit. These resistive devices can be implemented by means of resistors or by means of MOSFET devices which provide the required resistive function. These compensation devices modify the input-output voltage transfer characteristics of the first stage so as to reduce the switching level variation at the input to the circuit. The resulting digital input circuit has a greater tolerance to input noise levels. The improvement provided by this invention is particularly important as integrated circuits design trend is to operate with lower supply voltages.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing allylhalide from gaseous propene and a gaseous halogen comprising introducing propene into a tubular loop reactor (2) through an inlet nozzle (3); introducing gaseous halogen into the tubular loop reactor (2) through several axially spaced groups (6) of radially placed inlet openings (4); allowing the propene and the halogen to react; and removing reaction effluent from the tubular loop reactor (2) through an outlet opening (9), wherein the concentration of halogen in any reactor volume-element is maintained below 3% by mass based on the total gas mixture, and wherein the linear gas velocity of the propene exiting the inlet nozzle is at least sufficient to maintain a continuous circulation within the tubular loop reactor (2) and equipment to be used for said process.