Abstract: A memory device includes a clock receiver configured to receive, from a memory controller, a write clock that is used to receive write data during a data write operation, a duty monitor configured to generate first monitoring information by monitoring a duty of the write clock, and a duty adjuster configured to adjust the duty of the write clock in response to a duty control signal and output an adjusted write clock. The memory device provides the first monitoring information to the memory controller, and receives the duty control signal, generated using the first monitoring information, from the memory controller.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides multispecific antibodies having increased in vivo sustainability, the multispecific antibodies comprising one or more bioactive effector moieties linked to either or both of an N-terminal and a C-terminal of an antigen binding fragment Fab that binds to human serum albumin.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a cooking apparatus, a method of controlling the cooking apparatus, and a knob of the cooking apparatus. An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display on a knob for setting a function of a cooking apparatus and to display status information of the cooking apparatus through the display of the knob, so that a user can easily and conveniently check the status information of the cooking apparatus. The cooking apparatus includes a knob comprising a fixing member fixed to a main body of the cooking apparatus, a rotating member supported by the fixing member and rotatably installed on the main body, and a display provided on the fixing member to display status information of the cooking apparatus; and a controller configured to transmit the status information of the cooking apparatus displayed on the display through a wireless communication network.

Abstract: A memory device includes a clock receiver configured to receive, from a memory controller, a write clock that is used to receive write data during a data write operation, a duty monitor configured to generate first monitoring information by monitoring a duty of the write clock, and a duty adjuster configured to adjust the duty of the write clock in response to a duty control signal and output an adjusted write clock. The memory device provides the first monitoring information to the memory controller, and receives the duty control signal, generated using the first monitoring information, from the memory controller.

Abstract: A memory device includes a clock receiver configured to receive, from a memory controller, a write clock that is used to receive write data during a data write operation, a duty monitor configured to generate first monitoring information by monitoring a duty of the write clock, and a duty adjuster configured to adjust the duty of the write clock in response to a duty control signal and output an adjusted write clock. The memory device provides the first monitoring information to the memory controller, and receives the duty control signal, generated using the first monitoring information, from the memory controller.

Abstract: A memory device includes a clock receiver configured to receive, from a memory controller, a write clock that is used to receive write data during a data write operation, a duty monitor configured to generate first monitoring information by monitoring a duty of the write clock, and a duty adjuster configured to adjust the duty of the write clock in response to a duty control signal and output an adjusted write clock. The memory device provides the first monitoring information to the memory controller, and receives the duty control signal, generated using the first monitoring information, from the memory controller.

Abstract: A dry cleaning apparatus includes a chamber, a substrate support supporting a substrate within the chamber, a shower head arranged in an upper portion of the chamber to supply a dry cleaning gas toward the substrate, the shower head including an optical window transmitting a laser light therethrough toward the substrate support, a plasma generator generating plasma from the dry cleaning gas, and a laser irradiator irradiating the laser light on the substrate through the optical window and the plasma to heat the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bio-based polycarbonate ester comprising: (i) repeat unit 1 obtained from a condensation reaction of 1,4:3,6 -dianhydrohexitol and carbonate; and (ii) repeat unit 2 obtained from a condensation reaction of 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitol and 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate; and a preparation method for the bio-based polycarbonate ester, comprising the steps of: (1) preparing a compound 1,4-diphenyl-cyclohexanedicarboxylate through a trans-esterification or esterification reaction of a compound represented by formula 2 and phenol; and (2) preparing a compound comprising a repeat unit represented by formula 1 through a polycarbonate melt polycondensation reaction of the 1,4-diphenyl -cyclohexanedicarboxylate prepared in step (1), a compound represented by formula 4 and 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitol.

Abstract: A wafer cleaning apparatus is provided. The wafer cleaning apparatus includes comprising a chamber configured to be loaded with a wafer, a nozzle on the wafer and configured to provide liquid chemicals on an upper surface of the wafer, a housing under the wafer, a laser module configured to irradiate laser on the wafer, a transparent window disposed between the wafer and the laser module, and a controller configured to control on/off of the laser module, wherein the controller is configured to control repetition of turning the laser module on and off, and retain temperature of the wafer within a temperature range, and a ratio of time when the laser module is on in one cycle including on/off of the laser module is 30% to 50%.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes a spinner configured to hold a wafer, a nozzle configured to supply a liquid chemical onto an upper surface of the wafer, and a laser module configured to heat the wafer by radiating a laser beam to a lower surface of the wafer while the nozzle supplies the liquid chemical onto the upper surface of the wafer.

Abstract: A multi-chamber apparatus for processing a wafer, the apparatus including a high etch rate chamber to receive the wafer and to etch silicon nitride with a phosphoric acid solution; a rinse chamber to receive the wafer and to clean the wafer with an ammonia mixed solution; and a supercritical drying chamber to dry the wafer with a supercritical fluid.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including an active pattern, a channel pattern on the active pattern and including semiconductor patterns, a source/drain pattern connected to the semiconductor patterns, a gate electrode on the semiconductor patterns, and a gate dielectric layer between the gate electrode and the semiconductor patterns. An inner spacer of the gate dielectric layer includes a horizontal portion between the high-k dielectric layer and the second semiconductor pattern, a vertical portion between the high-k dielectric layer and the source/drain pattern, and a corner portion between the horizontal portion and the vertical portion. A first thickness of the horizontal portion is less than a second thickness of the vertical portion. The second thickness of the vertical portion is less than a third thickness of the corner portion.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides multispecific antibodies having increased in vivo sustainability, the multispecific antibodies comprising one or more bioactive effector moieties linked to either or both of an N-terminal and a C-terminal of an antigen binding fragment Fab that binds to human serum albumin.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a hybrid memory management apparatus and method for an many-to-one virtualization environment. The hybrid memory management apparatus is implemented in an inverse-virtualization-based multi-node computing system including multiple physical nodes, each containing hybrid memory in which DRAM and NVRAM coexist, a virtual machine, and hypervisors, and includes memory for storing at least one program, and a processor for executing the program, wherein the program includes a remote request service module for processing a page-related request with reference to the hybrid memory and responding to the page-related request by transmitting a result of processing, an internal request service module for processing an internal page fault request with reference to a hybrid memory and responding to the internal page fault request, and a data arrangement module for responding to an inquiry request for a location at which a newly added page is to be arranged in the hybrid memory.

Abstract: Provided are monoclonal antibodies and antigen binding fragments thereof for suppressing a CD73 immune checkpoint, and uses thereof, wherein the antibodies or antigen binding fragments thereof can bind to CD73, reduce enzymatic activity of CD73 protein, and inhibit cancer metastasis or cancer growth, thus enabling uses thereof as therapeutic agents for cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for page allocation in a many-to-one virtualization environment. The method may include determining whether a page fault interrupt is caused by page initialization for page allocation, sending an ownership change message to a node having ownership of the corresponding page when the page fault interrupt is determined to be caused by page initialization, and initializing the corresponding page upon receiving an ownership-change-processing-complete message.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus for preloading data in a distributed computing environment and a method using the same. The method includes selecting a local preloading target that each of multiple computers connected over a network is to preload into the local memory thereof, registering a local preloading task corresponding to the local preloading target in local preloading metadata, and asynchronously starting the local preloading task at a preset time based on the local preloading metadata. The local preloading metadata is stored in a page other than the page in which remote preloading metadata for managing a remote preloading task is stored.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for processing fast persistent writing to nonvolatile memory. A method for processing fast persistent writing to a nonvolatile memory includes writing log data from a last storage position in a data block created in a certain size, reflecting the entire data block in a storage medium, increasing the last storage position by a size of the written log data, and reflecting the entire data block in a storage medium, wherein the data block is linearly linked to an additional data block in a creation order, and wherein the data block includes a log data storage region, information about a last storage position where the log data is stored in the log data storage region, and information about a linked next data block.

Abstract: A wafer cleaning apparatus is provided. The wafer cleaning apparatus includes comprising a chamber configured to be loaded with a wafer, a nozzle on the wafer and configured to provide liquid chemicals on an upper surface of the wafer, a housing under the wafer, a laser module configured to irradiate laser on the wafer, a transparent window disposed between the wafer and the laser module, and a controller configured to control on/off of the laser module, wherein the controller is configured to control repetition of turning the laser module on and off, and retain temperature of the wafer within a temperature range, and a ratio of time when the laser module is on in one cycle including on/off of the laser module is 30% to 50%.

Abstract: A battery diagnostic apparatus includes a storage, a battery state manager, and a battery diagnostic device. The storage includes battery state history data including periodic battery charge state information. The battery state manager stores the battery state history data in the storage and retrieves the stored battery state history data. The battery diagnostic device is configured to determine a usage pattern depth of discharge in a state of charge based on the battery state history data, and predicts a remaining life of a battery based on the battery state history data and the usage pattern depth of discharge.