Abstract: Provided are a hyperparameter optimizer and method for optimizing hyperparameters and a spiking neural network processing unit. The optimizer includes a statistical analyzer configured to receive training data and perform statistical analysis on the training data, an objective function generator configured to generate hyperparameter-specific objective functions by using a statistical analysis value of the statistical analyzer, and an optimal hyperparameter selector configured to select optimal hyperparameters according to certain rules on the basis of the hyperparameter-specific objective functions.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a memory device, and more particularly, to a memory device including a substrate, a plurality of vertical structures disposed on the substrate and including insulation layers and lower electrodes, which are alternately laminated with each other, wherein the vertical structures are aligned in a first direction parallel to a top surface of the substrate and a second direction crossing the first direction, an upper electrode disposed on a top surface and side surfaces of each of the vertical structures, and a first dielectric layer disposed between the upper electrode and the vertical structures to cover the top surface and the side surfaces of each of the vertical structures. Here, the first dielectric layer includes a ferroelectric material.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board includes providing an insulating layer, forming a plating seed layer on the insulating layer, forming a first circuit pattern on the plating seed layer and a second circuit pattern on the first circuit pattern, and forming a top metal layer on the second circuit pattern. The second circuit pattern can be thinner than the first circuit pattern, and the top metal layer can be wider than the second circuit pattern.

Abstract: An image sensor may include a substrate having a first surface and a second surface on opposite sides, a first transistor having a first gate disposed on the first surface, a photoelectric conversion layer which generates photocharges from light incident in a first direction, a second transistor having a transistor structure disposed between the first surface and the photoelectric conversion layer and spaced from the photoelectric conversion layer, and includes a semiconductor layer composed of a metal oxide semiconductor material. The semiconductor layer may have a third surface facing the first direction and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, with a second gate disposed on the semiconductor layer. The semiconductor layer may be connected to the first gate.

Abstract: An encryption security protocol-based communication method of supporting integrity verification between a client and a server includes receiving, by the server, a first message from the client, the first message including a request for a first integrity verification of the client so as to start a handshake of a transport layer security (TLS) connection, transmitting, by the server, a second message to the client, the second message including a request for first verification information for the first integrity verification, receiving, by the server, the first verification information from the client, and performing the first integrity verification by using the first verification information, and finishing the handshake and performing data communication between the client and the server based on a result of the first integrity verification.

Abstract: A display device with a touchscreen is provided. The display device includes a display panel having an electrode layer in a display area and a non-display area thereof, and a panel ground layer in the non-display area, and a touchscreen over the display panel and including a touch ground layer having an area overlapping with at least one of the electrode layer and the panel ground layer.

Abstract: Designs of image sensors including a plurality of first gild structures arranged in row and column directions of a pixel array of imaging pixels and structured to separate the imaging pixels from one another, each of the first grid structures including an air to provide optical isolation between two adjacent imaging pixels and a plurality of second grid structures respectively disposed at each intersection between the row direction and the column direction in which the first grid structures are arranged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal oxide powder, a method of preparing the same, and a lithium secondary battery using the same, which comprises: a metal oxide powder is represented by Formula (1), Lix(M1-m-zAmDz)Ot??Formula (1) in the above Formula (1), 0.85?x?1.2, 0?m?0.01, 0<z?0.04, 1.85?t?2.2, M is selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn and combinations thereof, A is selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and combinations thereof, D is selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Ce, Ge, Sn and combinations thereof, and E is an average oxidation number of A and D, and E>3.5.

Abstract: A cylinder container for storing and transporting a fluid, which is configured such that the same can store and transport a fluid, and can discharge the stored fluid at a configured discharge pressure under a configured condition. More specifically, the cylinder can have a fluid pressure adjustment valve installed on the cylinder container for storing and transporting a fluid such that a stored fluid can be discharged at a configured discharge pressure under a configured condition, the fluid pressure adjustment valve being configured such that the fluid storage capability of the cylinder container for storing and transporting a fluid can be improved.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board includes providing an insulating layer, forming a plating seed layer on the insulating layer, forming a first circuit pattern on the plating seed layer and a second circuit pattern on the first circuit pattern, and forming a top metal layer on the second circuit pattern. The second circuit pattern can be thinner than the first circuit pattern, and the top metal layer can be wider than the second circuit pattern.

Abstract: A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery, a method for manufacturing the same, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same are provided. A positive active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a compound that is capable of reversibly intercalating or deintercalating lithium, wherein the compound is formed of a core portion and a coating layer, the core portion is doped with M, and the coating layer includes Al and B, wherein M is Zr, Ti, Mg, Ca, Al, B, V, Zn, Mo, Ni, Co, Mn, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery having improved output characteristics at a low temperature, and to a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, the cathode active material comprising: a lithium metal oxide comprising Ni, Co and Mn to enable reversible intercalation and de-intercalation of lithium, wherein the lithium metal oxide is doped with a dopant (M) to substitute any one or more elements of Ni, Co and Mn, and the lithium metal oxide has a c-axis lattice constant value of 14.20 ? or more and 14.30 ? or less.

Abstract: A cylinder container for storing and transporting a fluid, which is configured such that the same can store and transport a fluid, and can discharge the stored fluid at a configured discharge pressure under a configured condition. More specifically, the cylinder can have a fluid pressure adjustment valve installed on the cylinder container for storing and transporting a fluid such that a stored fluid can be discharged at a configured discharge pressure under a configured condition, the fluid pressure adjustment valve being configured such that the fluid storage capability of the cylinder container for storing and transporting a fluid can be improved.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a composition for preventing, treating or remedying female climacteric syndrome symptoms, which contains an extract of Pueraria thomsonii flower or bud. The composition according to the present disclosure shows quick effects for preventing, remedying and/or treating female climacteric syndrome symptoms, particularly facial flushing and/or osteoporosis, and thus can be utilized for the hormone replacement therapy (HRT) used for preventing or remedying climacteric syndrome symptoms.

Abstract: A method for operating an electronic device is provided. The method includes generating, by an authentication agent, a digital fingerprint of an application, transmitting, by an authentication agent, the generated digital fingerprint to a trusted application on a trusted execution environment (TEE), verifying, by the trusted application, the digital fingerprint, and permitting, by the trusted application, the application to access a secure storage, when the trusted application succeeds in verifying the digital fingerprint.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cathode active material, and a lithium secondary battery comprising the same, the present invention provides a cathode active material, represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, wherein I003/I104 ratio is 1.6 or more, and R-factor value represented by the following Formula 1 is 0.40 to 0.44, and c-axis lattice constant (c) and a-axis lattice constant (a) satisfy 3(a)+5.555?(c)?3(a)+5.580: R-factor=(I102+I006)/(I101)??Formula 1 wherein I003, I006, I101, I102, and I104 are the intensity of diffraction peaks on the (003), (006), (101), (102), and (104) planes by X-ray diffraction analysis using CuK?-rays, Li?[(NixCoy)1-?A?]Oz??Chemical Formula 1 in the Chemical Formula 1, 0.95???1.1, 0.75?x?0.95, 0.03?y?0.25, 0<??0.2, and 1.9?z?2.1, and A is a dopant metal element, and the average oxidation number N of A is 3.05?N?3.35.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate having a volatile memory region and a non-volatile memory region. The volatile memory region includes a cell capacitor disposed in the substrate and a cell transistor connected to the cell capacitor. The non-volatile memory region includes a plurality of non-volatile memory cells disposed on the substrate. The volatile memory region and the non-volatile memory region are disposed side by side.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a memory cell region including memory cells arranged along channel holes, the channel holes being provided on a substrate to extend in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate, and a peripheral circuit region disposed outside of the memory cell region and including low voltage transistors and high voltage transistors. The low voltage transistors include first transistors including a first gate dielectric layer and a first gate electrode layer including a metal, and the high voltage transistors include second transistors including a second gate dielectric layer having a dielectric constant lower than a dielectric constant of the first gate dielectric layer, and a second gate electrode layer including polysilicon.

Abstract: In an embodiment of the present invention, a positive active material for a lithium secondary battery is represented by Formula 1, and includes a core including a compound having a core portion and a surface portion, and the compound has a lower L3/L2 intensity ratio of Ni in the surface portion than an L3/L2 intensity ratio of Ni in the core portion. Li[LizA(1-z-a)Da]EbO2-b??[Formula 1] (In the above formula (1), A is Ni?Co?Mn?, D is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ni, Co, Ti, Al, B, Si, Sn, Mn, Cr, Fe, V, Zr, Nb, and Mo, E is at least one element selected from the group consisting of P, F, and S, ?0.05?z?0.1, 0?a?0.05, 0?b?0.05, 0.3???0.9, 0.05???0.4, and 0.05???0.4.) (The L3/L2 intensity ratio of Ni is the oxidation number of Ni measured by electronic energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).).

Abstract: Disclosed is a secondary battery including a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte, wherein the secondary battery further includes a reaction-inducing substance located in any one of the positive electrode, the negative electrode and the electrolyte, wherein the reaction-inducing substance forms a reaction product when exposed to a predetermined temperature or higher in a use environment of the secondary battery, wherein the reaction product is a non-conductor.