Abstract: A device includes a carriage movable relative to a build pad along a bi-directional travel path and supporting at least a radiation source and an applicator to selectively apply a plurality of fluid agents, including first fluid agents to affect a first material property. A timing and order of operation of the radiation source and the applicator, with the carriage, is to maintain first and second portions of a 3D object under formation within at least one selectable temperature range despite a first total volume of the first fluid agents for application onto the first portion of the 3D object being substantially greater than a second total volume of second fluid agents for application onto the second portion of the 3D object.

Abstract: Methods of forming 3D printed metal objects and compositions for 3D printing are described herein. In an example, a method of forming a 3D printed metal object can comprise: (A): a build material comprising at least one metal being deposited; (B): a fusing agent being selectively jetted on the build material, the fusing agent comprising: (i) at least one hydrated metal salt having a dehydration temperature of from about 100° C. to about 250° C., and (ii) a carrier liquid comprising at least one surfactant and water; (C): the build material and the selectively jetted fusing agent being heated to a temperature of from about 100° C. to about 250° C. to: (a) remove the carrier liquid, (b) dehydrate the hydrated metal salt, and (c) bind the build material and the selectively jetted fusing agent; and (D): (A), (B), and (C) being repeated at least one time to form the 3D printed metal object.

Abstract: An example of a fusing agent includes a tetraphenyldiamine-based dye, alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and a balance of water. The fusing agent excludes a strong reducing species. The fusing agent may be incorporated into a three-dimensional printing method or a three-dimensional printing system. In an example of the three-dimensional printing method, a polymeric or polymeric composite build material is applied. The fusing agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the polymeric or polymeric composite build material. The polymeric or polymeric composite build material is exposed to electromagnetic radiation to fuse the portion of the polymeric or polymeric composite build material in contact with the fusing agent to form a layer.

Abstract: Example described herein include a three-dimensional printer a threedimensional printing device that includes a fusible material applicator to apply a layer of fusible material, a inhibiting material applicator to apply a patterned layer of inhibiting material to establish exposed regions of the layer of fusible material and blocked regions of the layer of fusible material based on information corresponding to a three-dimensional model, and a photonic energy emitter to apply photonic energy to fuse the exposed regions of the layer of fusible material.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to coalescent inks and material sets, such as for 3D printing. In one example, the coalescent ink can include a conjugated polymer, a colorant imparting a visible color to the coalescent ink, and an ink vehicle comprising a high boiling point co-solvent having a boiling point of 250° C. or greater. The high boiling point co-solvent can be present in an amount from about 1 wt % to about 4 wt % with respect to the coalescent ink.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing build material composition includes a polymer particle, and a radiation absorbing additive mixed with the polymer particle. The radiation absorbing additive has a particle size ranging from about 1 ?m to about 100 ?m, and the radiation absorbing additive is to absorb incident radiation having wavelengths ranging from 700 nm to 10 ?m.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn material sets, coalescent fluids, and 3-dimensional printing systems. An example material set can include an amorphous polymer powder having an average particle size from 1 micron to 300 microns, and a coalescent fluid including a viscosity reducing agent.

Abstract: In an example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing method, a polymeric or polymeric composite build material is applied. A fusing agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the polymeric or polymeric composite build material. The fusing agent includes a discolorable near-infrared absorbing dye, a thiol surfactant, a reducing agent, and a balance of water. Near-infrared radiation is applied to the polymeric or polymeric composite build material at a condition that maintains a temperature of the selectively applied fusing agent below a decomposition temperature of the fusing agent and that allows the discolorable near-infrared absorbing dye to harvest near-infrared radiation energy, in order to fuse the portion of the polymeric or polymeric composite build material in contact with the fusing agent to form a layer and to initiate discoloration of the discolorable near-infrared absorbing dye in the layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to material sets for 3D printing and methods of 3D printing. The material set can include a coalescent an organic-soluble near-infrared dye having a peak absorption wavelength from 800 nm to 1400 nm. The coalescent ink can also include water and an organic co-solvent. The material set can also include a particulate polymer formulated to coalesce when contacted by the coalescent ink and irradiated by a near-infrared energy having the peak absorption wavelength.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to coalescent inks and material sets for 3D printing. The coalescent ink can include an organic-soluble near-infrared dye having a peak absorption wavelength from 800 nm to 1400 nm. The coalescent ink can also include water and an organic co-solvent.

Abstract: An example of a fusing agent includes a metal bis(dithiolene) complex, a thiol surfactant, a polar aprotic solvent, and a balance of water. In an example of a method of making the fusing agent, the metal bis(dithiolene) complex is exposed to an aqueous solution including a reducing agent and a thiol surfactant to form a reduced metal bis(dithiolene) complex and to dissolve the reduced metal bis(dithiolene) complex in the aqueous solution. The aqueous solution is incorporated into a vehicle including a water soluble organic solvent and an additive selected from the group consisting of an emulsifier, a surface tension reduction agent, a wetting agent, a scale inhibitor, an anti-deceleration agent, a chelating agent, an antimicrobial agent, and a combination thereof. The fusing agent may be utilized in a three-dimensional printing method and/or incorporated into a three-dimensional printing system.

Abstract: In one example, a non-transitory processor readable medium with instructions thereon that when executed cause an additive manufacturing machine to partially or completely bury a part in layers of molten build material.

Abstract: The present disclosure is drawn to coalescent inks and material sets for 3D printing. The coalescent ink can include a water-soluble near-infrared dye having a peak absorption wavelength from 800 nm to 1400 nm. The coalescent ink can also contain water.

Abstract: Provided in one example herein is an aqueous ink composition, including: pigment particles having at least one metal oxide; an aqueous medium; and a cationic double-chain surfactant consisting a quaternary ammonium salt. Methods of making and using the ink composition are also provided.

Abstract: In an example of a three-dimensional (3D) printing method, a polymeric build material is applied. A fusing agent is selectively applied on at least a portion of the polymeric build material. A mechanical tailoring agent is selectively applied on at least a region of the portion. The polymeric build material is exposed to radiation, thereby fusing the at least the portion of the polymeric build material in contact with the fusing agent to form a layer. The mechanical tailoring agent forms a composite layer in the at least the region, and the composite layer has a different mechanical property than that of an area of the layer not in contact with the mechanical tailoring agent.

Abstract: In one example, a non-transitory processor readable medium having instructions thereon that when executed cause an additive manufacturing machine to expose build material to a light source emitting monochromatic light within a band of wavelengths that includes a peak light absorption of a liquid coalescing agent to be dispensed on to the build material.

Abstract: In a 3D printing method, a coalescent dispersion for forming a 3D object is selected. The dispersion includes an aqueous vehicle and an infrared or near-infrared binding agent dissolved or dispersed therein. The binding agent is a phthalocyanine having a polar group attached to each side chain or a naphthalocyanine having a polar group attached to each side chain. A sinterable material is deposited and heated to a temperature ranging from about 50 C to about 350 C. The dispersion is selectively applied on at least a portion of the sinterable material. The sinterable material and the dispersion applied thereon are exposed to infrared or near-infrared radiation. The binding agent absorbs the radiation and converts it to thermal energy. At least the portion of the sinterable material in contact with the binding agent is at least cured to form a first layer of the 3D object.

Abstract: A polymeric powder composition for three-dimensional printing includes first, second, and third polymeric particles. The first particles, having a first average size, are present in an amount ranging from about 70 wt % to about 95 wt %. The second particles, having a second average size smaller than the first average size, are present in an amount ranging from about 0.5 wt % to about 21 wt %. The third particles, having a third average size smaller than the second average size, are present in an amount ranging from greater than 0 wt % up to about 21 wt %. Each of the first, second, and third average sizes independently ranges from 5 ?m to about 100 ?m. A sum of the fractional weight ratios of all of the polymeric particles in the polymeric powder composition equals 1.

Abstract: In a 3D printing method, a sinterable material is applied and heated to a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 400° C. A coalescent agent is selectively applied on a portion of the sinterable material, and a modifying agent is selectively applied on the portion and/or on another portion of the sinterable material. The modifying agent consists of an inorganic salt, a surfactant, a co-solvent, a humectant, a biocide, and water. The sinterable material is exposed to radiation, whereby the coalescent agent at least partially cures the portion of the sinterable material in contact with the coalescent agent, and the modifying agent i) reduces curing of the portion of the sinterable material in contact with both the coalescent agent and the modifying agent ii) prevents curing of the other portion of the sinterable material in contact with the modifying agent, or iii) both i and ii.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for making metal-connected particle articles. A metal containing fluid is selectively applied to a layer of particles. The metal in the fluid is used to form metal connections between particles, The metal connections are formed at temperatures below the sintering temperature of the particles in the layer of particles.