Abstract: A display device, includes: a display panel including a pixel electrically coupled to a gate line and a data line; a gate driver configured to provide a gate signal to the gate line; and a data driver configured to provide a data signal to the data line, wherein the gate driver is configured to sequentially provide a first gate signal and a second gate signal to the gate line during a first frame period, wherein the data driver is configured to provide a first data signal to the data line in response to the first gate signal, and to provide a second data signal to the data line in response to the second gate signal, and wherein the second data signal is different from the first data signal and varies dependent on the first data signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for pre-detecting a defective porous polymer substrate for a separator, including selecting a porous polymer substrate having a plurality of pores; observing the selected porous polymer substrate with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to obtain an image of the porous polymer substrate; quantifying the average value of pore distribution index (PDI); correcting the quantified average value of pore distribution index to obtain the corrected average value of pore distribution index; determining whether or not the corrected average value of pore distribution index is 60 a.u. (arbitrary unit) or less; and classifying the porous polymer substrate as a good product, when the corrected average value of pore distribution index is determined to be 60 a.u. or less, and classifying the porous polymer substrate as a defective product, when the corrected average value of pore distribution index is determined to be larger than 60 a.u.

Abstract: An apparatus of tilting a seat cushion of a vehicle, includes a tilting motor, a pinion gear, a sector gear, and a tilting link which perform the tilting operation of the seat cushion and exert a binding force in a tilted state of the seat cushion and are provided to be connected to both of one side and the other side of a seat cushion frame, and has two sector gears positioned on left and right sides and connected to each other by a connection bar so that, by strengthening a binding force of the front portion of the seat cushion, it is possible to secure the safety of passengers in the event of a collision.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a device that calculates a fire insurance premium discount rate applied to a distribution board so as to provide the same to an insurance company server, and provides a device for calculating a fire insurance premium discount rate for a distribution board, comprising: a control unit for receiving distribution board information from the distribution board and controlling the distribution board; and a discount rate calculation unit for receiving, from the insurance company server, fire insurance premium information applied to the distribution board, and calculating a discount rate of the fire insurance premium on the basis of the distribution board information and the fire insurance premium information.

Abstract: Provided are an aptamer specifically binding to KRAS protein, and a method of using the same. An aptamer of one aspect has excellent binding affinity to KRAS, which is a major factor regulating a cell growth signaling system in vivo, to inhibit binding between KRAS mutant in cancer cells and a Raf-1 kinase protein which is a downstream protein constituting the cell growth signaling system, thereby effectively suppressing cancer cell growth and cancer development. Further, the aptamer may specifically bind to KRAS in cancer cells, and thus may be widely applied to a pharmaceutical composition for treating or preventing cancer, a diagnostic agent, a reagent, etc.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a data processing apparatus includes a communications unit configured to collect data items from data acquisition apparatuses and transmit the collected data items to clients; and a control unit configured to determine event data from among the collected data items, select the determined event data, compare the selected event data with reference event data to transmit only event data that meets predetermined conditions to the clients.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to apparatuses, systems, and methods for transmitting/receiving data. In some embodiments, a system includes a server operative to collect data from remote apparatuses and transmit the collected data to a client group, and at least one client group including at least one client, the client group checking data received from the server and acquiring data requested by the client.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a data processing apparatus includes a communications unit configured to collect data items from data acquisition apparatuses and transmit the collected data items to clients; and a control unit configured to determine event data from among the collected data items, select the determined event data, compare the selected event data with reference event data to transmit only event data that meets predetermined conditions to the clients.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments relate to apparatuses, systems, and methods for transmitting/receiving data. In some embodiments, a system includes a server operative to collect data from remote apparatuses and transmit the collected data to a client group, and at least one client group including at least one client, the client group checking data received from the server and acquiring data requested by the client.

Abstract: Substrate heat treatment apparatus and method are provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a substrate heat treatment apparatus including an inner shell configured to form a substrate housing space to house at least one substrate, an outer shell configured to cover the inner shell, and having at least one gas hole, and at least one heater configured to heat the substrate, wherein the at least one gas hole is configured to allow a first gas to be injected into a space between the inner shell and the outer shell.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a monitoring technique for an Advanced-Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systeni (A-SMGCS) in real time. In the system for monitoring the A-SMGCS, which comprises the A-SMGCS and a high-level device for monitoring the A-SMGCS, an A-SMGCS server includes a monitoring module and a plurality of information transmit modules, each of which has its own status information and action information, and the monitoring module receives status information and action information sent from the plurality of information transmit modules and transmits them to the high-level device in real time.

Abstract: Provided is a reactor of a substrate processing apparatus. The reactor of the substrate processing apparatus is a reactor of a substrate processing apparatus for processing at least one substrate, the reactor having a horizontal cross-section provided in a shape having at least two curvature radii.

Abstract: Substrate heat treatment apparatus and method are provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a substrate heat treatment apparatus including an inner shell configured to form a substrate housing space to house at least one substrate, an outer shell configured to cover the inner shell, and having at least one gas hole, and at least one heater configured to heat the substrate, wherein the at least one gas hole is configured to allow a first gas to be injected into a space between the inner shell and the outer shell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to immunogenic compositions comprising a live attenuated derivative of a pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. The attenuated derivative of a pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria comprises a polynucleotide that encodes a foreign antigen. The attenuated derivative of the pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria has increased expression of Type 1 fimbriae relative to the pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria from which the attenuated derivative was derived. The present invention also relates to immunogenic compositions that elicit an enhanced Th2 immune response in an individual. The present invention further provides a method of modulating the immune response of an individual comprising administering to said individual the immunogenic compositions of the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to immunogenic compositions comprising a live attenuated derivative of a pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. The attenuated derivative of a pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria comprises a polynucleotide that encodes a foreign antigen. The attenuated derivative of the pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria has increased expression of Type 1 fimbriae relative to the pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria from which the attenuated derivative was derived. The present invention also relates to immunogenic compositions that elicit an enhanced Th2 immune response in an individual. The present invention further provides a method of modulating the immune response of an individual comprising administering to said individual the immunogenic compositions of the present invention.

Abstract: Disclosed are vaccines and immunogenic compositions which use live attenuated pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella, to deliver ectopic antigens to the mucosal immune system of vertebrates. The attenuated pathogenic bacteria are engineered to secrete the antigen into the periplasmic space of the bacteria or into the environment surrounding the bacteria. The vertebrate mounts a Th2-mediated immune response toward the secreted antigen.

Abstract: Reduction in focusing error of an exposure process includes forming a conductive layer over a wafer whose topology is to be measured by a capacitance gauge. The conductive layer is thick enough such that differences in capacitance measured by the capacitance gauge tracking apparatus are not due to differences in underlying material and structure on the wafer. Thus, accurate measurement of the real topology of wafer by capacitance gauge tracking apparatus may be realized. As a result, the subsequent exposure processing is reliable.

Abstract: A projection method uses a modified illumination method for a lithography process of semiconductor device, and a projection system and mask use the projection method. An object is exposed by removing the vertical incident component of light passed through a condenser lens. Zero-order diffracted light interferes destructively and the oblique component of .-+.first-order diffracted light, interferes constructively. The obliquely incident component light illuminates a mask having a pattern formed thereon. The vertical incident component of the light is removed by a phase difference of light due to a grating mask or a grating pattern formed on the back surface of the conventional mask. The resolution of a lithography process is improved due to the increased contrast, and the depth of focus is also increased. Thus, patterns for 64 Mb DRAMs can be formed using a conventional projection exposure system.