Abstract: A method is provided for visualizing a surgical trajectory (32, 101, 42, 46, 47). The method comprises steps of receiving (71) 3D imaging information (31) of a region to undergo surgery and combining (72) the received 3D imaging information (31) with data from a digitized anatomical atlas. As a result, a combined map of the region to undergo surgery is obtained. The combined map comprises expected positions of anatomical structures (102, 103, 104) in the region to undergo surgery. The method further comprises steps of receiving (73) the surgical trajectory (32, 101, 42, 46, 47) for the surgery, determining (74) positions of intersections (43, 44) of the surgical trajectory (32, 101, 42, 46, 47) with the anatomical structures (102, 103, 104) and providing (75) the positions of the intersections (43, 44) in a coordinate system aligned with the surgical trajectory (32, 101, 42, 46, 47).

Abstract: The invention relates to a preparing apparatus for preparing an influencing procedure for influencing a subject. The preparing apparatus (1) comprises a subject coil (3) for generating a magnetic resonance image of he subject (7), an instrument guide device (5) for guiding an instrument (6) for influencing the subject (7), a marker (9) being visible in the magnetic resonance image, and an attaching element for attaching the instrument guide device (5) to the subject coil (3) in a known spatial relationship. Since the spatial relationship between the instrument guide device (5) and the subject coil (3) is known, if they are attached to each other, a time consuming registration procedure for registering an influence trajectory, which has been planned based on the magnetic resonance image, and the instrument guide device (5) can be avoided.

Abstract: An active electronics module for a system for brain applications comprises a lead having a plurality of electrodes at its distal end, at least one main module, and an active electronics module configured such that the active electronics module is connectable or connected to the least one main module on one side and the lead on the other side. The active electronics module includes at least one switch configured such that at least one of the electrodes of the lead can be connected with one or more inputs and/or outputs of the main module.

Abstract: The invention relates to a neurostimulation system, particularly for deep brain stimulation (DBS), comprising a spatial array (130) of stimulation electrodes (132) and an associated controller (110). The controller (110) is adapted to sequentially supply electrical pulses to different subsets of the stimulation electrodes (132). Preferably, the controller (110) comprises a single pulse-generator (112) and a multiplexing unit (111) for distributing the pulses to different stimulation electrodes. The stimulation electrodes (132) may preferably be arranged on probes (131).

Abstract: A system (102) comprising a box (104) for implanting in a mammal body part (106), which box is provided with a first electrical contact (110, 121, 114, 116, 118, 120), and a module (108) for accommodating in the box, which module is provided with a second electrical contact (122, 124, 126) for cooperation with said first electrical contact. The first electrical contact and the second electrical contact are mutually movable, at least in a stationary accommodation of the module in the box, between a contact position in which said first and second electrical contacts are electrically connected, and a non-contact position in which said first and second electrical contacts are separated from each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining at least one applicable path (32) for the movement of an object, especially of a surgical and/or diagnostical device, in human tissue (14) or animal tissue by means of a data set of intensity data obtained by a 3D imaging technique, the applicable path (32) of movement connecting a starting position (28) of the device with a defined target location (30).

Abstract: A system for planning implantation of a neurostimulation probe is provided. The system comprises an input for receiving anatomical data comprising information regarding a position and an orientation of at least one fiber bundle in a target region, an input for receiving therapeutic information comprising information regarding a stimulation preferability of the at least one fiber bundle, an optimization module for based on the position, the orientation and the stimulation preferability of the at least one fiber bundle calculating at least one optimal position and at least one optimal orientation for implantation of the neurostimulation probe at which optimal position and orientation the probe is capable of generating an electric field gradient substantially parallel to at least one fiber bundle with a high stimulation preferability and/or substantially perpendicular to at least one fiber bundle with a low stimulation preferability and an output for providing the optimal position and orientation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recording apparatus, record carrier and method of recording data on at least two layers of a recording medium by using a radiation power, wherein individual recording speeds are determined for respective ones of the at least two layers at different values of the radiation power. A recording speed to be used for recording on an individual one of the at least two recording layers is selected based on a maximum radiation power specified for the recording operation, and the speed of the recording operation is controlled individually for each of the at least two layers based on the selected recording speed. The determination of the individual recording speeds at different radiation power values may be written or embossed on the record carrier. Furthermore, a recording sequence used for recording on the recording layers can be set based on the sensitivities and thus recording speeds. Thereby, total recording time can be minimized for multi-layer recording media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a recordable optical record carrier for recording information using a radiation beam having wavelength ? and incident on an entrance surface of the optical record carrier comprising, in this order: a protective layer facing the entrance surface; first recording stack (L0), the recording stack comprising a recording layer of an organic dye material and a groove structure; a transparent spacer layer sandwiched between the neighboring recording stacks; and a second recording stack (LN) comprising a recording layer, wherein the groove depth of the recording layer of the first recording stack (L0) is in a range from 0.241*?/nS to 0.362*?/nS, where nS is a refractive index of a material in a land between grooves on the groove structure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a preparing apparatus for preparing an influencing procedure for influencing a subject. The preparing apparatus (1) comprises a subject coil (3) for generating a magnetic resonance image of he subject (7), an instrument guide device (5) for guiding an instrument (6) for influencing the subject (7), a marker (9) being visible in the magnetic resonance image, and an attaching element for attaching the instrument guide device (5) to the subject coil (3) in a known spatial relationship. Since the spatial relationship between the instrument guide device (5) and the subject coil (3) is known, if they are attached to each other, a time consuming registration procedure for registering an influence trajectory, which has been planned based on the magnetic resonance image, and the instrument guide device (5) can be avoided.

Abstract: A system (10) and method (20) for planning a neurosurgical operation are provided the system (10) comprises an input (11) for receiving functional data (25) and anatomical data of a brain region (31), and a processor (12) configured to perform the method (20) according to the invention. The method (20) comprises analyzing (26) the functional data (25) to form a network representation (27) of functional connections, mapping the network representation (27) of the functional connections and the anatomical data to a common coordinate system, determining an expected function loss associated with a simulated removal of network nodes (32) or network connections (42) from the network representation (27), and identifying critical network connections and/or critical network nodes based on the expected function loss.

Abstract: A method and a control system (20) are provided for determining a relation between stimulation settings for a brain stimulation probe (10) and a corresponding V-field. The brain stimulation probe (10) comprises multiple stimulation electrodes (11). The V-field is an electrical field in brain tissue surrounding the stimulation electrodes (11).

Abstract: The application relates to a system (1) for determination of an orientation (14) of a biomedical stimulation device (2) in respect to an object (20). The system comprises the first biomedical stimulation device (2) comprising at least two stimulator for elements (4A;4C) and a generator (22) arranged for feeding the stimulator elements (4A;4C) with time-varying electric signals (6A;6C), wherein the time-varying electric signals (6A;6C) differ by a predetermined phase.

Abstract: A method and control system for determining and applying stimulation settings for a brain stimulation probe (10, 12) is provided. The brain stimulation probe (10, 12) comprises a plurality of stimulation electrodes (11). The method comprises for multiple stimulation electrodes (11) of the plurality of stimulation electrodes (11): applying a test current and determining a corresponding patient response, determining a volume of influence based (32, 52, 71, 91) on the test current and a position of the stimulation electrode (11), combining the volume of influence (32, 52, 71, 91) and the corresponding patient response with generalized anatomic knowledge of stimulation induced behavior for associating the volume of influence (32, 52, 71, 91) to an anatomic structure (33, 43, 53), and determining an intersection (41, 51) of the volume of influence (32, 52, 71, 91) and the associated anatomic structure (33, 43, 53).

Abstract: System for providing a stimulus comprising a probe with multiple electrodes each capable of providing a particular current to surrounding tissue a generator for providing to each of the electrodes the particular current a controller for controlling the generator to provide current to the electrodes to achieve a desired electrical field around the probe.

Abstract: A connector (10, 30, 40) is provided for coupling an electronic circuit (11) of an electronic device to sensor and/or actuation elements (12) of the electronic device. The connector (10, 30, 40) comprises at least one connection surface (21) with i connection points (13), the i connection points (13) comprise j primary connection points (13) for coupling the electronic circuit (11) to j corresponding ones of the elements (12), and k redundant connection points (13) for redundantly coupling the electronic circuit (11) to at least one of the elements (12). The primary and the redundant connection points (13) for the at least one of the elements (12) are distributed over the connection surface (21).

Abstract: The invention relates to a probe for stimulation and recording of neural activity in the brain, the probe comprising an axially extending shaft. In one embodiment, at least one stimulation electrode partially encircles the shaft besides at a gap, wherein one or more recording electrodes are located in the gap.

Abstract: A system (10) and a method for deep brain stimulation are provided. The system (10) comprises a probe (11) and a processor (14). The probe (11) comprises an array of sensing electrodes (12) for acquiring signals representing neuronal activity at corresponding positions in a brain and an array of stimulation electrodes (12) for applying stimulation amplitudes to corresponding brain regions. The processor (14) is operably coupled to the sensing electrodes (12) and the stimulation electrodes (12) and is arranged for performing the method according to the invention.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for visualizing a surgical path (31, 41, 51) for a surgical tool. The method comprises a step of receiving (21) anatomical information (14) about a position of at least one anatomical structure (32, 33, 34, 35) in a region to undergo surgery, geometric information (15) describing the surgical path (31, 41, 51) and at least one safety margin defining a minimal distance between the surgical tool and the anatomical structure (32, 33, 34, 35). The method further comprises defining (23) a critical segment (43, 44, 45) of the surgical path (31, 41, 51), in which critical segment (43, 44, 45) a distance to the anatomical structure (32, 33, 34, 35) is smaller than the safety margin. Then a graphical representation (30, 40, 50) of the surgical path (31, 41, 51) is provided (24), wherein the critical segment (43, 44, 45) is highlighted.

Abstract: A system for planning implantation of a neurostimulation probe is provided. The system comprises an input for receiving anatomical data comprising information regarding a position and an orientation of at least one fiber bundle in a target region, an input for receiving therapeutic information comprising information regarding a stimulation preferability of the at least one fiber bundle, an optimization module for based on the position, the orientation and the stimulation preferability of the at least one fiber bundle calculating at least one optimal position and at least one optimal orientation for implantation of the neurostimulation probe at which optimal position and orientation the probe is capable of generating an electric field gradient substantially parallel to at least one fiber bundle with a high stimulation preferability and/or substantially perpendicular to at least one fiber bundle with a low stimulation preferability and an output for providing the optimal position and orientation.