Abstract: Provided is an aluminum secondary battery comprising an anode, a cathode, a porous separator electronically separating the anode and the cathode, and an electrolyte in ionic contact with the anode and the cathode to support reversible deposition and dissolution of aluminum at the anode, wherein the anode contains aluminum metal or an aluminum metal alloy as an anode active material and the cathode comprises a layer of aligned graphene sheets that are oriented in such a manner that the layer has a graphene edge plane in direct contact with the electrolyte and facing the separator. These aligned/oriented graphene sheets are preferably bonded by a binder for enhanced structural integrity and cycling stability. Such an aluminum battery delivers a high energy density, high power density, and long cycle life.

Abstract: Provided is a cathode active material layer for a lithium battery. The cathode active material layer comprises multiple particulates of a cathode active material, wherein a particulate is composed of one or a plurality of cathode active material particles being fully embraced or encapsulated by a thin layer of a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 700% (preferably from 5% to 500%) when measured without an additive or reinforcement, a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10?5 S/cm (preferably and typically from 1.0×10?5 S/cm to 5×10?2 S/cm) at room temperature, and a thickness from 0.5 nm (essentially a molecular monolayer) to 10 ?m (preferably from 1 nm to 100 nm).

Abstract: Provided is cathode active material layer for a lithium battery. The cathode active material layer comprises multiple cathode active material particles and an optional conductive additive that are bonded together by a binder comprising a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable tensile strain from 5% to 700% (preferably from 10% to 100%) when measured without an additive or reinforcement in said polymer and a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10?5 S/cm (preferably and typically from 1.0×10?5 S/cm to 5×10?2 S/cm) at room temperature.

Abstract: Provided is an anode active material layer for a lithium battery. The anode active material layer comprises multiple anode active material particles and an optional conductive additive that are bonded together by a binder comprising a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable or elastic tensile strain no less than 10% when measured without an additive or reinforcement in the polymer and a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10?5 S/cm at room temperature. The anode active material preferably has a specific lithium storage capacity greater than 372 mAh/g (e.g. Si, Ge, Sn, SnO2, Co3O4, etc.).

Abstract: Provided is anode active material layer for a lithium battery, comprising multiple particulates of an anode active material, wherein a particulate is composed of one or a plurality of particles of a high-capacity anode active material being embraced or encapsulated by a thin layer of a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable tensile strain no less than 10% when measured without an additive or reinforcement, a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10-5 S/cm at room temperature, and a thickness from 0.5 nm (or a molecular monolayer) to 10 ?m (preferably less than 100 nm), and wherein the high-capacity anode active material has a specific lithium storage capacity greater than 372 mAh/g (e.g. Si, Ge, Sn, SnO2, Co3O4, etc.).

Abstract: Provided is a rechargeable alkali metal-sulfur cell comprising an anode active material layer, an electrolyte, and a cathode active material layer containing multiple particulates of a sulfur-containing material selected from a sulfur-carbon hybrid, sulfur-graphite hybrid, sulfur-graphene hybrid, conducting polymer-sulfur hybrid, metal sulfide, sulfur compound, or a combination thereof and wherein at least one of the particulates is composed of one or a plurality of sulfur-containing material particles being embraced or encapsulated by a thin layer of a high-elasticity polymer having a recoverable tensile strain no less than 10% when measured without an additive or reinforcement, a lithium ion conductivity no less than 10?5 S/cm at room temperature, and a thickness from 0.5 nm to 10 ?m. This battery exhibits an excellent combination of high sulfur content, high sulfur utilization efficiency, high energy density, and long cycle life.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for color filter substrate is disclosed. The method includes: coating and exposing three layers of photoresist materials on a first substrate, and colors of the three layers of the photoresist materials are respectively a red color, a green color and a blue color; in the coating and exposure processes, a red color resist block, a green color resist block and a blue color resist block are formed; forming a light-shielding layer through mixing of two different colors of the photoresist materials in the three layers of the photoresist materials; and forming a spacing layer through stacking of two different colors of the photoresist materials in the three layers of the photoresist materials. A manufacturing method for liquid crystal panel is also disclosed. The present can simplify the manufacturing process of the color filter substrate, reduce the process of the liquid crystal panel and decrease the manufacturing cost.

Abstract: Carts for use with pallets and methods of using the same are disclosed. The carts have an adjustable height platform that includes a base, a plurality of wheels rotatably coupled to the base, a platform, a linkage assembly coupled to and disposed between the base and the platform, a lift mechanism coupled to and disposed between the base and the platform, an upwardly extending handle, and wherein the platform is movable between a first position and a second position that is above the first position. The carts may include drive motors and the pallets may be nestably stackable.

Abstract: Examples associated with three-dimensional model generation are disclosed. One example includes analyzing a structure of a first component of an object. The composition of the first component of the object is also analyzed. A three-dimensional model of the object is then generated. The three-dimensional model includes data based on the structure of the first component of the object and data based on the composition of the first component of the object.

Abstract: The present invention provides an anode electrode of a lithium-ion battery, comprising an anode active material-coated graphene sheet, wherein the graphene sheet has two opposed parallel surfaces and at least 50% area of one of the surfaces is coated with an anode active material and wherein the graphene material is in an amount of from 0.1% to 99.5% by weight and the anode active material is in an amount of at least 0.5% by weight (preferably at least 60%), all based on the total weight of the graphene material and the anode active material combined.

Abstract: Provided is a rope-shaped alkali metal battery comprising: (a) a first electrode comprising a first conductive porous rod having pores and a first mixture of a first electrode active material and a first electrolyte residing in the pores of the first porous rod; (b) a porous separator wrapping around or encasing the first electrode to form a separator-protected first electrode; (c) a second electrode comprising a second conductive porous rod having pores and a second mixture of a second electrode active material and a second electrolyte residing in the pores of the second porous rod; wherein the separator-protected first electrode and second electrode are combined to form a braid or a yarn having a twist or spiral electrode; and (d) a protective casing or sheath wrapping around or encasing the braid or yarn.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a rope-shaped alkali metal battery, comprising: (a) providing a first electrode comprising a first conductive porous rod and a first mixture of a first electrode active material and a first electrolyte residing in the pores of the first porous rod; (b) wrapping or encasing a porous separator around the first electrode to form a separator-protected first electrode; (c) providing a second electrode comprising a second conductive porous rod and a second mixture of a second electrode active material and a second electrolyte residing in the pores of the second porous rod; (d) combining the separator-protected first electrode and second electrode to form a braid or a yarn having a twist or spiral electrode; and (e) wrapping or encasing a protective casing or sheath around the braid or yarn to form the rope battery.

Abstract: Provided is a cable-shaped alkali metal-sulfur battery comprising: (a) a first electrode comprising an electrically conductive porous rod and a first mixture of a first electrode active material and a first electrolyte residing in pores of the porous rod; (b) a porous separator wrapping around the first electrode; (c) a second electrode comprising an electrically conductive porous layer wrapping around or encasing the separator, wherein the porous layer contains a second mixture of a second electrode active material and a second electrolyte residing in pores of the porous layer; and (d) a protective sheath encasing the second electrode; wherein one electrode is a cathode containing sulfur, a sulfur-carbon compound, sulfur-polymer composite, or metal sulfide.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a cable-shaped alkali metal-sulfur battery, comprising: (a) providing a first electrode comprising a conductive porous rod and a first mixture of a first electrode active material and a first electrolyte, wherein the first mixture resides in the pores of the porous rod; (b) wrapping around or encasing the first electrode with a porous separator to form a porous separator-protected structure; (c) wrapping around or encasing the porous separator-protected structure with a second electrode which comprises an electrically conductive porous layer and a second mixture of a second electrode active material and a second electrolyte, and the second mixture resides in pores of the porous layer; and (d) wrapping around or encasing the second electrode with a protective casing or sheath to form the battery; wherein either the first or the second electrode contains sulfur or a sulfur compound as a cathode active material.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a rope-shape alkali metal-sulfur battery, comprising (a) providing a first electrode comprising a conductive porous rod and a mixture of a first electrode active material and a first electrolyte residing in pores of the first porous rod; (b) providing a porous separator wrapping around the first electrode to form a separator-protected first electrode; (c) providing a second electrode comprising a conductive porous rod having a mixture of a second electrode active material and a second electrolyte residing in pores of the second porous rod; (d) combining the separator-protected first electrode and the second electrode to form a braid or a yarn; and (d) encasing the braid or yarn with a protective sheath; wherein one of the electrodes is a cathode containing sulfur or a sulfur compound as a cathode active material and the battery has a length-to-diameter aspect ratio no less than 5.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a rope-shaped alkali metal battery, comprising: (a) providing a first electrode comprising a first conductive porous rod and a first mixture of a first electrode active material and a first electrolyte residing in the pores of the first porous rod; (b) wrapping or encasing a porous separator around the first electrode to form a separator-protected first electrode; (c) providing a second electrode comprising a second conductive porous rod and a second mixture of a second electrode active material and a second electrolyte residing in the pores of the second porous rod; (d) combining the separator-protected first electrode and second electrode to form a braid or a yarn having a twist or spiral electrode; and (e) wrapping or encasing a protective casing or sheath around the braid or yarn to form the rope battery.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a cable-shaped alkali metal battery, comprising: (a) providing a first electrode comprising an electrically conductive porous rod having pores and a first mixture of a first electrode active material and a first electrolyte, wherein the first mixture resides in these pores; (b) wrapping around or encasing the first electrode with a porous separator to form a porous separator-protected structure; (c) wrapping around or encasing the porous separator-protected structure with a second electrode which comprises an electrically conductive porous layer, wherein the conductive porous layer contains pores and a second mixture of a second electrode active material and a second electrolyte, and the second mixture resides in the pores of the porous layer; and wrapping around or encasing the second electrode with a protective casing or sheath to form the battery.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium-sulfur cell comprising a cathode, an anode, a separator electronically separating the two electrodes, a first electrolyte in contact with the cathode, and a second electrolyte in contact with the anode, wherein the first electrolyte contains a first concentration, C1, of a first lithium salt dissolved in a first solvent when the first electrolyte is brought in contact with the cathode, and the second electrolyte contains a second concentration, C2, of a second lithium salt dissolved in a second solvent when the second electrolyte is brought in contact with the anode, wherein C1 is less than C2. The cell exhibits an exceptionally high specific energy and a long cycle life.

Abstract: Provided is a cable-shaped alkali metal battery comprising: (a) a first electrode comprising an electrically conductive porous rod having pores and a first mixture of a first electrode active material and a first electrolyte, wherein the first mixture resides in the pores of the porous rod; (b) a porous separator wrapping around the first electrode; (c) a second electrode comprising an electrically conductive porous layer wrapping around or encasing the porous separator, wherein the conductive porous layer contains pores and a second mixture of a second electrode active material and a second electrolyte, and the second mixture resides in the pores of the porous layer; and (d) a protective casing or packing tube wrapping around or encasing the second electrode.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for color filter substrate is disclosed. The method includes: coating and exposing three layers of photoresist materials on a first substrate, and colors of the three layers of the photoresist materials are respectively a red color, a green color and a blue color; in the coating and exposure processes, a red color resist block, a green color resist block and a blue color resist block are formed; forming a light-shielding layer through mixing of two different colors of the photoresist materials in the three layers of the photoresist materials; and forming a spacing layer through stacking of two different colors of the photoresist materials in the three layers of the photoresist materials. A manufacturing method for liquid crystal panel is also disclosed. The present can simplify the manufacturing process of the color filter substrate, reduce the process of the liquid crystal panel and decrease the manufacturing cost.