Abstract: Disclosed are systems and methods which provide a process stream comprising a gaseous component, capture the gaseous component from the process stream by an ionic liquid solvent of a separator, and recover a captured gaseous component from the ionic liquid solvent in a regenerator. A second gaseous component from the process stream may be captured by the ionic liquid solvent of the separator, and the second gaseous component may be recovered from the ionic liquid solvent in the regenerator. Alternatively, the second gaseous component from the process stream may be uncaptured by the ionic liquid solvent, and the uncaptured second gaseous component may be recovered from a membrane unit.

Abstract: We provide systems for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion that comprise a modular reactor comprising a plurality of mixer modules. The mixer modules may be arranged in series. One or more feed modules are disposed between the mixer modules. Such systems may be used for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation reactions. Processes for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion are also disclosed.

Abstract: We provide a process, comprising: a. dehydrogenating natural gas liquid to produce a mixture comprising olefins and unconverted paraffins; b. without further purification or modification other than mixing with an isoparaffin, sending the mixture to a single alkylation reactor; c. alkylating the olefins with the isoparaffin, using an ionic liquid catalyst, to produce one or more alkylate products; and d. distilling the one or more alkylate products and collecting a bottoms distillation fraction that is a middle distillate blending component having a sulfur level of 50 wppm or less and a Bromine number less than 1.

Abstract: Processes are provided for making an alkylate gasoline blending component, comprising: a. feeding an olefin feed comprising greater than 80 wppm of a sulfur contaminant comprising mercaptans, alkyl sulfides, and alkyl disulfides to a chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst, wherein a level of the sulfur contaminant accumulates in the chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst to make a sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst comprising 300 to 20,000 wppm of a sulfur; and b. alkylating the olefin feed with an isoparaffin using the sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst to make the alkylate gasoline blending component having a final boiling point below 221° C. An alkylation process exclusively utilizing coker LPG olefins is also provided.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a macroporous noble metal catalyst and processes employing such catalysts for the regeneration of deactivated ionic liquid catalyst containing conjunct polymer.

Abstract: An integrated system for monitoring a chemical concentration in an ionic liquid, comprising: a. an online FTIR instrument with an ATR window; b. a sample conditioning station that removes light hydrocarbons and produces a degassed ionic liquid that is analyzed by FTIR; and c. a solvent flushing system that flows solvent across the ATR window. Also, a process for monitoring the chemical concentration, comprising: a. degassing the ionic liquid in the sample conditioning station; b. passing the degassed ionic liquid over an ATR window; c. periodically redirecting a flow of the degassed ionic liquid via a bypass line or an on-off valve that isolates the ATR window from the process unit that elutes the ionic liquid; and d. flowing a solvent and a purging gas over the ATR window during the periodically redirecting step c); and e. resuming the passing of the degassed ionic liquid over the ATR window.

Abstract: An integrated system for monitoring a chemical concentration in an ionic liquid, comprising: a. an online FTIR instrument with an ATR window; b. a sample conditioning station that removes light hydrocarbons and produces a degassed ionic liquid that is analyzed by FTIR; and c. a solvent flushing system that flows solvent across the ATR window. Also, a process for monitoring the chemical concentration, comprising: a. degassing the ionic liquid in the sample conditioning station; b. passing the degassed ionic liquid over an ATR window; c. periodically redirecting a flow of the degassed ionic liquid via a bypass line or an on-off valve that isolates the ATR window from the process unit that elutes the ionic liquid; and d. flowing a solvent and a purging gas over the ATR window during the periodically redirecting step c); and e. resuming the passing of the degassed ionic liquid over the ATR window.

Abstract: Provided herein are processes for ethylene oligomerization in the presence of an ionic liquid catalyst and a co-catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon product comprising C10-C55 oligomers.

Abstract: A process, comprising: providing an olefin feed comprising pentenes, butenes, and isopentane; and alkylating the olefin feed with isobutane using an acidic ionic liquid catalyst; wherein less than 5 mol % of C5 olefins in the olefin feed are converted to isopentane, and the alkylate gasoline has defined final boiling points and high RONs. A process comprising: alkylating an olefin feed comprising pentenes and isopentane, with isobutane using an acidic ionic liquid catalyst; wherein less than 5 mol % of C5 olefins in the olefin feed are converted to isopentane; and wherein an n-pentane product yield is low. An alkylate gasoline, comprising less than 0.1 wt % olefins and aromatics, less than 1.8 wt % C12+hydrocarbons, and greater than 60 wt % combined C8 and C9 hydrocarbons, wherein the trimethylpentane in the C8 hydrocarbons and the trimethylhexane in the C9 hydrocarbons are defined.

Abstract: Processes for shutting down a regeneration reactor and for removing spent solid from the regeneration reactor may comprise shutting off a feed comprising an ionic liquid to the regeneration reactor, cooling the regeneration reactor, removing at least a portion of the ionic liquid from the regeneration reactor, purging the regeneration reactor with N2 gas, introducing water into the regeneration reactor to form an acidic liquid in the regeneration reactor, and dumping the acidic liquid and the spent solid from the regeneration reactor. The acidic liquid may be neutralized with a basic liquid to provide a neutralized liquid. The spent solid may be separated from the neutralized liquid. In an embodiment, noble metal(s) may be recovered from the spent solid.

Abstract: A process is provided for separating an ionic liquid from a liquid hydrocarbon, using an integrated coalescing system. The integrated coalescing system for separating ionic liquid from a liquid hydrocarbon may comprise: a. a bulk settler, that separates an emulsion comprising the dispersed ionic liquid with a wide range of droplet sizes into a clean ionic liquid phase and a separated liquid hydrocarbon phase comprising retained droplets; b. a pre-coalescer that receives the separated liquid hydrocarbon phase, separates out solid particles from the separated liquid hydrocarbon phase, and begins to form coalesced droplets of the retained droplets; and c. a coalescer that receives an effluent from the pre-coalescer, wherein the at least one coalescer comprises multiple layers of media having a fine pore size, and produces a clean hydrocarbon stream that is essentially free of the dispersed ionic liquid and additional amounts of the clean ionic liquid phase.

Abstract: This application provides a metallurgical extraction technique, comprising: a) re-pulping a feed filter cake to make a filter cake slurry; b) grinding the filter cake slurry; c) leaching the ground filter cake slurry in a hot alkaline cyanide solution to provide dissolved platinum group metals; d) liquid-solid separating of the dissolved platinum group metals; and e) recovering the dissolved platinum group metals by cementing the dissolved platinum group metals with a precipitating metal comprising an aluminum or a zinc; wherein the feed filter cake has the platinum group metals at a total amount from 0.1 to 1.5 wt % and a halide anion content from zero to less than 4 wt %. This application provides a process for platinum group metal recovery, comprising: converting a catalyst which was in contact with a water reactive ionic liquid catalyst into a non-water reactive filter cake and extracting the platinum group metals.

Abstract: An integrated coalescing system for separating ionic liquid from a liquid hydrocarbon is provided, comprising: a. a bulk settler, that separates an emulsion comprising the dispersed ionic liquid with a wide range of droplet sizes into a clean ionic liquid phase and a separated liquid hydrocarbon phase comprising retained droplets; b. a pre-coalescer that receives the separated liquid hydrocarbon phase, separates out solid particles from the separated liquid hydrocarbon phase, and begins to form coalesced droplets of the retained droplets; and c. a coalescer that receives an effluent from the pre-coalescer, wherein the at least one coalescer comprises multiple layers of media having a fine pore size, and produces a clean hydrocarbon stream that is free of the dispersed ionic liquid and additional amounts of the clean ionic liquid phase. Also, a process is provided for separating an ionic liquid from a liquid hydrocarbon, using the integrated coalescing system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a macroporous noble metal catalyst and processes employing such catalysts for the regeneration of deactivated ionic liquid catalyst containing conjunct polymer.

Abstract: Provided herein are processes for ethylene oligomerization in the presence of an ionic liquid catalyst and a co-catalyst to produce a hydrocarbon product comprising C10-C55 oligomers.

Abstract: A process, comprising: providing an olefin feed comprising pentenes, butenes, and isopentane; and alkylating the olefin feed with isobutane using acidic ionic liquid catalyst; wherein less than 5 mol % of C5 olefins in the olefin feed are converted to isopentane, and the alkylate gasoline has defined final boiling points and high RONs. A process comprising: alkylating an olefin feed comprising pentenes and isopentane, with isobutane using acidic ionic liquid catalyst; wherein less than 5 mol % of C5 olefins in the olefin feed are converted to isopentane; and wherein an n-pentane product yield is low. An alkylate gasoline, comprising less than 0.1 wt % olefins and aromatics, less than 1.8 wt % C12+ hydrocarbons, and greater than 60 wt % combined C8 and C9 hydrocarbons, wherein the trimethylpentane in the C8 hydrocarbons and the trimethylhexane in the C9 hydrocarbons are defined.

Abstract: An integrated coalescing system for separating ionic liquid from a liquid hydrocarbon is provided, comprising: a. a bulk settler, that separates an emulsion comprising the dispersed ionic liquid with a wide range of droplet sizes into a clean ionic liquid phase and a separated liquid hydrocarbon phase comprising retained droplets; b. a pre-coalescer that receives the separated liquid hydrocarbon phase, separates out solid particles from the separated liquid hydrocarbon phase, and begins to form coalesced droplets of the retained droplets; and c. a coalescer that receives an effluent from the pre-coalescer, wherein the at least one coalescer comprises multiple layers of media having a fine pore size, and produces a clean hydrocarbon stream that is free of the dispersed ionic liquid and additional amounts of the clean ionic liquid phase. Also, a process is provided for separating an ionic liquid from a liquid hydrocarbon, using the integrated coalescing system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a macroporous noble metal catalyst and processes employing such catalysts for the regeneration of deactivated ionic liquid catalyst containing conjunct polymer.

Abstract: Systems and apparatus for ionic liquid catalyzed hydrocarbon conversion, such as alkylation, using vaporization to remove reaction heat from an ionic liquid reactor and to provide mixing therein, wherein hydrocarbon vapors are withdrawn from the ionic liquid reactor and the withdrawn hydrocarbon vapor is recovered by a hydrocarbon vapor recovery unit in fluid communication with the ionic liquid reactor for recycling condensed hydrocarbons to the ionic liquid reactor. Processes for ionic liquid catalyzed alkylation are also disclosed.

Abstract: Processes are provided for making an alkylate gasoline blending component, comprising: a. feeding an olefin feed comprising greater than 80 wppm of a sulfur contaminant comprising mercaptans, alkyl sulfides, and alkyl disulfides to a chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst, wherein a level of the sulfur contaminant accumulates in the chloroaluminate ionic liquid catalyst to make a sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst comprising 300 to 20,000 wppm of a sulfur; and b. alkylating the olefin feed with an isoparaffin using the sulfur-contaminated ionic liquid catalyst to make the alkylate gasoline blending component having a final boiling point below 221° C. An alkylation process exclusively utilizing coker LPG olefins is also provided.