Abstract: A heat treatment apparatus includes a furnace body, a roller inside the furnace body, a heater inside the furnace body, an upper and lower discharge pipes on the furnace body, and a lower supply pipe on the lower part of the furnace body. The furnace body includes areas having the upper and lower discharge pipes, the areas including a first area to an Nth area disposed sequentially along a second direction being a transport direction of each of the materials, a length of the first area in the second direction is shorter than lengths of the second area to the Nth area in the second direction, and in each of the first area to the Nth area, the upper discharge pipe and the lower supply pipe are not arranged in a straight line in a third direction being a height direction to be misaligned from each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses systems and methods of calculating a near-maximum likelihood detection (MLD) performance capability signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) according to instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable memory that when executed by a processor of a multiple-input, multiple output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) wireless communications receiver device cause the processor to perform operations including the processor acquiring Hi and noise variance ?n2 for each subcarrier of a set of subcarriers between a MIMO-OFDM wireless communications transmitter device and the wireless communications receiver device, computing an average received bit mutual information rate (RBIR) over all subcarriers, converting the average RBIR to an effective SINR; and selecting a modulation coding scheme (MCS).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a video decoding method and apparatus and a video encoding method and apparatus. In video encoding and decoding, multiple partition blocks are generated by splitting a target block. A prediction mode is derived for at least a part of the multiple partition blocks, among the multiple partition blocks, and prediction is performed on the multiple partition blocks based on the derived prediction mode. When prediction is performed on the partition blocks, information related to the target block may be used, and information related to an additional partition block, which is predicted prior to the partition block, may be used.

Abstract: A method performed by a transmitter in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method comprises: setting a second parameter in a second frame based on a first puncturing pattern indicated by a first parameter in a first frame for a basic service set (BSS) set up by an access point (AP); and transmitting, to a receiver, the second frame, wherein the first puncturing pattern is one of a plurality of puncturing patterns pre-determined for a third parameter in a third frame.

Abstract: An exemplary semiconductor device can comprise (a) a substrate comprising a substrate dielectric structure between the substrate top side and the substrate bottom side, conductive pads at the substrate bottom side, and a substrate cavity through the substrate dielectric structure, (b) a base electronic component comprising inner short bumps; outer short bumps bounding a perimeter around the inner short bumps, and tall bumps between the outer short bumps and an edge of the base component top side, and (c) a mounted electronic component coupled to the inner short bumps of the base electronic component. The tall bumps of the base component can be coupled to the conductive pads of the substrate. The mounted electronic component can be located in the substrate cavity. The substrate bottom side can cover at least a portion of the outer short bumps of the base electronic component. Other examples and related methods are disclosed herein.

Abstract: A relay control apparatus and method is capable of retaining the operation state of a plurality of relays even when a processor is reset due to a system error. Therefore, the relay control apparatus and method has an advantage of preventing an accident caused by the reset of the processor since the operation state of a plurality of relays is maintained even when the processor is reset. In addition, if the operation state of the processor is a reset state even after a predetermined time passes, the operation state of the plurality of relays is changed to a turn-off state, and thus there is an advantage of preventing system resources and energy from being wasted.

Abstract: Proposed are a substrate processing apparatus and a substrate processing method capable of efficiently preventing contamination of a substrate and a processing space caused by a reverse flow of purge gas.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for controlling movement of an ultrasonic wave generating unit, the apparatus characterized by comprising: a transfer unit for moving the ultrasonic wave generating unit; and a control unit for controlling the operation of the ultrasonic wave generating unit and the transfer unit, wherein the control unit controls the ultrasonic wave generating unit such that, when the ultrasonic wave generating unit moves, ultrasonic waves are irradiated at intervals to the skin on a movement path of the ultrasonic wave generating unit.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a video decoding method and apparatus and a video encoding method and apparatus. In video encoding and decoding, multiple partition blocks are generated by splitting a target block. A prediction mode is derived for at least a part of the multiple partition blocks, among the multiple partition blocks, and prediction is performed on the multiple partition blocks based on the derived prediction mode. When prediction is performed on the partition blocks, information related to the target block may be used, and information related to an additional partition block, which is predicted prior to the partition block, may be used.

Abstract: A novel use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, also known as colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) is disclosed. An anticancer adjuvant containing an inhibitor of CSF3 is disclosed. Uses of CSF3 as a biomarker or therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis are disclosed. In addition, A pharmaceutical composition for treating pulmonary fibrosis containing an inhibitor of CSF3 and a treatment method of pulmonary fibrosis are disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for estimating a location of a forest fire. The system for estimating the location of the forest fire may include an artificial intelligence-based forest fire detection module that detects a forest fire from a captured image using an artificial intelligence model; a monitoring camera configured to monitor a predetermined area; a direction estimation module configured to estimate a direction of the forest fire on a map, using a forest fire detection image provided from the artificial intelligence-based forest fire detection module and data of the monitoring camera; and a location estimation module configured to estimate the location of the forest fire, using an altitude map table configured to provide altitude of a corresponding location from latitude and longitude of the monitoring camera, based on the estimated direction of the forest fire.

Abstract: A motor sticking diagnosis and repair method includes the steps of, when an operation of a shift lever is detected, determining whether a current position matches a target position, when the current position does not match the target position, rotating the motor toward the target position, determining once again whether the current position matches the target position after rotation of the motor, when the current position does not match the target position, diagnosing whether the motor sticking has occurred, when the motor is diagnosed as being stuck, allowing the motor to switch to a free-rotation mode by temporarily blocking the current being applied to the motor upon sticking diagnosis, and selecting either a first repair strategy or a second repair strategy depending on whether the position of the motor changes after switching to the free-rotation mode.

Abstract: Provided are a forest fire detection system and method capable of determining whether events. The forest fire detection system includes an artificial intelligence-based forest fire detection module configured to detect a forest fire from a captured image using an artificial intelligence model; a monitoring camera configured to monitor a predetermined area; a direction estimation module configured to estimate a direction of the forest fire on a map, using a plurality of forest fire detection images provided from the artificial intelligence-based forest fire detection module and data of the monitoring camera; and a same event determination module configured to determine whether events represented by the plurality of forest fire detection images are the same, based on the estimated direction of the forest fire.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel human epidermal growth factor (hEGF)-trigger factor (TF) fusion protein and a use thereof. More particularly, the human epidermal growth factor (hEGF)-trigger factor (TF) fusion protein of the present invention has fused therein: a signal peptide of a Bacillus subtilis-derived xylanase; a human epidermal growth factor (hEGF); and an Escherichia coli-derived trigger factor (TF). Therefore, the present invention not only enhances the water solubility and expression rate of a target protein, but also notably enhances useful effects such as the effects of increasing skin cell growth and healing a wound, and thus may be widely used in various industries as an active ingredient for a functional cosmetic composition and a pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: A battery pack includes two or more submodules, each submodule having a plurality of unit cells, and each unit cell having an electrode assembly and an electrode lead protruding from the electrode assembly. A pack case receives the submodules, a busbar assembly including a busbar configured to electrically connect the electrode leads of the submodules to each other and a busbar frame connected to the busbar, a connection busbar configured to connect the submodules to each other, and a terminal unit constituted by a cluster of electrode leads electrically connected to each other via the busbar. The terminal unit is connected to the connection busbar, and a blocking structure is configured to wrap the terminal unit, the busbar assembly, the upper end and the side surface of the connection busbar at the portion thereof connected to the terminal unit.

Abstract: A motor sticking diagnosis and repair method includes the steps of, when an operation of a shift lever is detected, determining whether a current position matches a target position, when the current position does not match the target position, rotating the motor toward the target position, determining once again whether the current position matches the target position after rotation of the motor, when the current position does not match the target position, diagnosing whether the motor sticking has occurred, when the motor is diagnosed as being stuck, allowing the motor to switch to a free-rotation mode by temporarily blocking the current being applied to the motor upon sticking diagnosis, and selecting either a first repair strategy or a second repair strategy depending on whether the position of the motor changes after switching to the free-rotation mode.

Abstract: A relay control apparatus and method is capable of retaining the operation state of a plurality of relays even when a processor is reset due to a system error. Therefore, the relay control apparatus and method has an advantage of preventing an accident caused by the reset of the processor since the operation state of a plurality of relays is maintained even when the processor is reset. In addition, if the operation state of the processor is a reset state even after a predetermined time passes, the operation state of the plurality of relays is changed to a turn-off state, and thus there is an advantage of preventing system resources and energy from being wasted.

Abstract: A transmitter circuit includes a drive circuit including; a drive circuit disposed in a first electronic device and configured to generate a setting signal and transmit the setting signal via a channel from the first electronic device to a second electronic device connected to the channel, a current source array configured to provide a current signal to the drive circuit, and a current controller configured to control the current source array, wherein the current signal provided by the current source array increases over a period extending from a first edge of the setting signal to a subsequent second edge of the setting signal.

Abstract: A transmitter circuit includes a drive circuit including; a drive circuit disposed in a first electronic device and configured to generate a setting signal and transmit the setting signal via a channel from the first electronic device to a second electronic device connected to the channel, a current source array configured to provide a current signal to the drive circuit, and a current controller configured to control the current source array, wherein the current signal provided by the current source array increases over a period extending from a first edge of the setting signal to a subsequent second edge of the setting signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calculating an internal exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) amount of an engine include a continuously variable valve duration (CVVD) apparatus. The internal EGR amount is calculated by correcting a backflow gas amount based on a valve duration changed by operation of the continuously variable valve duration apparatus during valve overlap of an intake valve or an exhaust valve.