Abstract: A memory control system includes: a memory that stores data; a memory controller that controls operation of the memory by a memory control signal; and a CPU that forms a single link with the memory controller and transmits the memory control signal to the memory controller via the single link.

Abstract: Disclosed are an optical input/output device and an opto-electronic system including the same. The device includes a bulk silicon substrate, at least one vertical-input light detection element monolithically integrated on a portion of the bulk silicon substrate, and at least one vertical-output light source element monolithically integrated on another portion of the bulk silicon substrate adjacent to the vertical-input light detection element. The vertical-output light source element includes a III-V compound semiconductor light source active layer combined with the bulk silicon substrate by a wafer bonding method.

Abstract: A topographer for mapping the central portion as well as the peripheral portion of the corneal surface is disclosed. The topographer includes a chart image generating part for producing a chart image to fixate the gaze of an eye under test; a measuring light source for projecting concentric ring-shaped measuring lights to the cornea of the eye; a light detector for detecting the image of the measuring light reflected from the cornea; and a vertex measuring optical system.

Abstract: A topographer for mapping the central portion as well as the peripheral portion of the corneal surface is disclosed. The topographer includes a chart image generating part for producing a chart image to fixate the gaze of an eye under test; a measuring light source for projecting concentric ring-shaped measuring lights to the cornea of the eye; a light detector for detecting the image of the measuring light reflected from the cornea; and a vertex measuring optical system.