Abstract: A separator for a fuel cell, which is stacked on a reaction layer including a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) and a gas diffusion layer (GDL) stacked on the MEA includes: a plate body stacked on the GDL; stepped portions, on which a reactant gas flows in a first direction, disposed on a first surface of the plate body, the first surface facing the GDL, the stepped portions disposed in a second direction that intersects the first direction in which the reactant gas flows; lands disposed on the stepped portions so as to be spaced apart from one another in the second direction, the lands being in contact with the GDL; first channels defined between the GDL and the stepped portions so as to be disposed between adjacent lands, the first channels configured such that the reactant gas flows along the first channels; and second channels defined between the plate body and the GDL so as to communicate with the first channels, the second channels configured such that the reactant gas flows along the second channels.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for providing an offloading service. A method of providing an offloading service according to an example embodiment includes streaming, to a user terminal including a cellular network receiver and a broadcast network receiver, media content data through a cellular network, transmitting, to the user terminal, an offloading service providing signal for activating the broadcast network receiver of the user terminal through the cellular network, transmitting, to the user terminal, a broadcast signal including connection information of a broadcast network to which the user terminal is to be connected so as to receive the media content data, through the cellular network, and broadcasting the media content data through the broadcast network.

Abstract: A method for preventing forgery of data according to an embodiment includes determining a noise level based on metadata of original data, generating noise by applying the determined noise level to a preset noise pattern, generating transformed data of the original data by adding the generated noise to the original data, and transmitting the transformed data and the metadata to a server.

Abstract: A method, system, and recording medium for managing official accounts is disclosed. An official account management method includes the steps of setting a relation between official accounts that are accounts of sponsors on a messenger, and managing the official accounts by classifying the official accounts in a related account group in accordance with the relation between the official accounts.

Abstract: The objective of the present invention is to provide services by effectively switching, by a terminal, a macro cell and a small cell on the basis of time in a communication system in which the macro cell and the small cell coexist. A method for operating a terminal in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: transmitting, to a first base station and/or a second base station, information on a switching delay time required for the terminal to perform cell switching; and communicating through a resource of the first base station and a resource of the second base station which are allocated by considering the switching delay time.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). A device and a method for performing a measurement related to handover are provided. A operation method of a terminal in a wireless communication system, according to various embodiments of the disclosure, comprises the steps of: receiving, from a base station, configuration information on at least one handover event corresponding to an elevation state of the terminal; and transmitting, to the base station, a measurement report message in response to the occurrence of the at least one handover event. Therefore, the device and the method, according to the various embodiments of the disclosure, can efficiently perform a measurement and/or a report for handover, and can prevent unnecessary handover and handover performance deterioration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling transmission oil temperature are provided. The transmission oil is heated using a motor coil of an electric oil pump (EOP) as a heater before a startup of a vehicle. The method includes applying a current to the motor coil of the EOP configured to operate a transmission of the vehicle to thus heat the transmission oil by heat generated from the motor coil.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of processing item sales information by an electronic apparatus including acquiring a purchase request including item information related to an item selected by a user and information related to a payment means, providing a purchase response including approval information corresponding to the purchase request before proceeding with payment through the payment means in response to the purchase request when the information related to the payment means satisfies a first condition, transmitting a release request for the item to a first server; and requesting payment for at least some of an amount corresponding to one or more purchase requests related to the payment means according to an arrival of settlement timing corresponding to the payment means.

Abstract: An optical imaging system includes a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens, and a fifth lens, sequentially disposed from an object side, wherein the first to fifth lenses are spaced apart from each other by predetermined distances along an optical axis in a paraxial region, the first lens and the second lens each have a non-circular shape when viewed in an optical axis direction, and the optical imaging system satisfies 0.62398<ZS1/ZS2<1.36318, where ZS1 is a ratio of an area of an object-side surface of the first lens to a distance from the object-side surface of the first lens to an imaging plane of an image sensor, and ZS2 is a ratio of an area of an object-side surface of the second lens to a distance from the object-side surface of the second lens to the imaging plane of the image sensor.

Abstract: A 5G or pre-5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G communication system such as LTE is provided. A method for communicating with user equipment (UE) by a base station is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of: identifying a type of one or more services required by the UE; notifying the UE of information on a configuration of a medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical (PHY) layer configured according to the identified type of one or more services; and communicating with the UE on the basis of the information on the configuration of the MAC layer and the PHY layer configured according to the identified type of one or more services.

Abstract: An operation method of a terminal in a wireless communication system includes receiving, from a base station, a message including information on a resource pool for vehicle communication and information for selecting a resource from the resource pool; determining candidate resources in the resource pool on the basis of the information for selecting the resource; and transmitting data by using at least one resource among the candidate resources.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a pre-5th-Generation (5G) or 5G communication system to be provided for supporting higher data rates Beyond 4th-Generation (4G) communication system such as Long Term Evolution (LTE). According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, in a wireless communication system, a method of operation a terminal comprises a step of transmitting a buffer status report to a base station, wherein the buffer size of the buffer status report may include the size of at least one of a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) header, a radio network control (RLC) header, and a medium access control (MAC) header.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes cationic carrier units comprising (i) a water soluble polymer, (ii) a positively charged carrier, and (iii) an adjuvant moiety, wherein when the cationic carrier unit is mixed with an anionic payload (e.g., an antisense oligonucleotide) that electrostatically interacts with the cationic carrier unit, the resulting composition self-organizes into a micelle encapsulating the anionic payload in its core. The cationic carrier units can also comprise a tissue specific targeting moiety, which would be displayed on the surface of the micelle. The disclosure also includes micelles comprising the cationic carrier units of the disclosure, methods of manufacture of cationic carrier units and micelles, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the micelles, and also methods of treating diseases or conditions comprising administering the micelles to a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of processing item sales information in an electronic apparatus, the method including receiving a transaction request for at least one item including a transaction method and transaction amount information, providing, when the transaction method is a specific type of transaction method and a time in which the transaction request is received is included in a time section or within a time period corresponding to the transaction method, a transaction response including approval information corresponding to the transaction request before payment information corresponding to the transaction request is received from a first server corresponding to the transaction method, transmitting a shipping request for at least a portion of the at least one item to a second server, and transmitting a payment request to the first server in response to the time section or the time period ending.

Abstract: Provided is a method of manufacturing a high efficiency flexible thin film solar cell module including a see-thru pattern. The method of manufacturing a flexible thin film solar cell module includes: sequentially forming a light-absorbing layer, a first buffer layer, and a first transparent electrode layer on the release layer; forming a second buffer layer on the exposed bottom surface of the light-absorbing layer; forming a P2 scribing pattern by removing at least one portion of each of the first buffer layer, the light-absorbing layer, and the second buffer layer; forming a second transparent electrode layer on the second buffer layer and the first transparent electrode layer exposed by the P2 scribing pattern; and forming a P4 see-thru pattern by selectively removing at least one portion of the first buffer layer, the light-absorbing layer, the second buffer layer, and the second transparent electrode layer.

Abstract: Provided is an anti-4-1 BB antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, and uses thereof.

Abstract: A camera module includes a lens module; a first frame accommodating the lens module; a second frame accommodating the first frame; a third frame accommodating the second frame; and a housing accommodating the third frame. The lens module and the first frame are configured to rotate with respect to the second frame around an optical axis. The lens module, the first frame and the second frame are configured to rotate with respect to the third frame around a first axis that is perpendicular to the optical axis. The lens module, the first frame, the second frame, and the third frame are configured to rotate with respect to the housing around a second axis that is perpendicular to both the optical axis and the first axis.

Abstract: An engine includes: a crankshaft pulley; a motor/generator mounted to a side of the engine and including a motor pulley; an auxiliary driving device pulley; a dual tensioner including a tensioner arm of which a first idler pulley is mounted to a first end of the tension arm and a second idler pulley is mounted to a second end of the tension arm, and the tensioner arm rotatable around a center of the motor/generator and a belt connecting the crankshaft pulley, the motor pulley, the auxiliary driving device pulley, the first idler pulley, and second idler pulley.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic control unit (ECU) security function setting system including an ECU and a tester connected to the ECU through a communication network. The tester includes a security function requester configured to request a security function loader to the ECU when the ECU is in a security function setting mode; an user authenticator configured to receive a user authentication request from the ECU and perform an user authentication; and a firmware transmitter configured to transmit stored security function firmware to the ECU when the user authentication is passed, and the ECU activates an instruction present in the received security function firmware and perform a security function setting.

Abstract: A surgical apparatus for making an incision in a living tissue according to the present disclosure includes a hand piece including a loop-type electrode part and a generator configured to transmit electrical energy to the electrode part, wherein the generator applies electric-field pulse waveforms made of two consecutive pulse groups to the electrode part, the two consecutive pulse groups include a first pulse group and a second pulse group, each pulse group includes mini-pulses, a peak voltage of the first pulse group is less than a peak voltage of the second pulse group, and a duration of the first pulse group is longer than a duration of the second pulse group.