Abstract: The present invention provides photo-reactive compound. The photo-reactive compound, in which chains are combined to a polymer backbone that is used for a photo-alignment layer compound, is represented by the following Formula 1 or Formula 2. L denotes a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least 1 but no more than 18 carbons, V denotes a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least 1 but no more than 18 carbons, R1, R2, and R3 each denote H or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having at least 1 but no more than 18 carbons, X+Y=1, 0<X, and Y<1.

Abstract: An alignment substrate includes a substrate and an alignment layer. The substrate includes a plurality of unit pixel areas. Each of the unit pixel areas includes a plurality of sub-pixel areas arranged in a matrix configuration. The alignment layer is on the substrate and has polymer chains protruding from a surface of the alignment layer. The alignment layer has a plurality of alignment vectors in which the polymer chains are pretilted according to the sub-pixel areas. The alignment vectors corresponding to adjacent sub-pixel areas point in different directions from each other.

Abstract: Provided are an electronic document repository system which guarantees authenticity of electronic document and issues certificates and methods of registering, reading, issuing, and transferring electronic documents in the system, and a method of issuing certificates in the system. The electronic document repository system includes an authentication module, a registration module, a reading module, an issuing module, and a certification module.

Abstract: A photo alignment material includes a photo alignment polymer and an organic solvent. The photo alignment polymer is prepared by polymerizing a diamine monomer including at least two photo reactive parts represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. In Chemical Formula 1, R1 represents —(CH2)n—, —O(CH2)n— or R2, R3 and R4 each independently represent —H, —O(CH2)m-1—CH3 or and n and m independently represent an integer of from 1 to 8. Thus, change of the orientation of the alignment layer due to the action of an electric stress may be prevented and/or reduced. Therefore, an after-image may be reduced, and display quality is improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a carrier cup of a planet carrier that improves strength thereof and reduces noise occurring in an automatic transmission by changing an interior circumferential shape of a leg. The carrier cup of a planet carrier according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention at which pinion gears are mounted such that the pinion gears are rotatably supported thereby may include a carrier plate provided with a carrier hole for mounting a carrier shaft and a plurality of pinion holes for mounting the pinion gears, and a plurality of legs extending perpendicularly from one side surface of the carrier plate, wherein radial thickness of the leg is changed along a circumferential direction thereof.

Abstract: A planetary gear set includes: a sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears externally meshed with the sun gear, and a carrier that interconnects the plurality of planetary gears such that the plurality of planetary gears revolve around a exterior circumference of the sun gear, and an arrangement of the plurality of planetary gears is rotationally non-symmetrical.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system includes a key detector that detects whether an ignition key is in an on state, a control portion that outputs different control signals according to whether the engine is on if the key is on, and a valve, such as a solenoid valve, that controls gear shifts according to the control signals from the control portion. A hydraulic control method includes determining whether an ignition key is on; determining whether an engine is on or off if the key is on; and controlling a valve, such as a solenoid valve, that controls gear shifts, differently depending on whether the engine is on or off, such as by applying different duty values to the valve. A low duty value may be applied to the valve when the engine is off, and a higher duty value may be applied to the valve when the engine is on.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first display panel including a pixel electrode, a second display panel spaced apart from and facing the first display panel, and a liquid crystal mixture disposed between the first and second display panels. The liquid crystal mixture contains liquid crystals represented by Formula (1): D-C-A-C?-D???(1).

Abstract: A user interface for displaying and playing multimedia contents is capable of allowing the user to easily recognize information about multimedia contents at a glance, and allowing the user to more easily retrieve desired information, through an image pre-play function. An apparatus includes the user interface, and a control method for the apparatus are includes displaying a sorting item of a multimedia content, and arranging file information included in the sorting item and having the form of a playable image.

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating a metal pattern so that an insulation layer between a wafer and the metal pattern can be prevented from being damaged in a planarization procedure when the metal pattern having a trench structure is fabricated on the wafer. The method includes operations of forming a first insulation layer on a surface of the wafer; selectively etching the surface of the wafer and the first insulation layer so as to form a plurality of trenches; forming a second insulation layer on a bottom and side walls of the plurality of trenches by using a thermal oxidation method; filling a metal inside the plurality of trenches; and performing planarization by removing the metal deposited outside the plurality of trenches.

Abstract: Provided are a biaxial actuator and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A double-sided etching method using an embedded alignment mark includes: preparing a substrate having first and second alignment marks embedded in an intermediate portion thereof; etching an upper portion of the substrate so as to expose the first alignment mark from a first surface of the substrate; etching the upper portion of the substrate using the exposed first alignment mark; etching a lower portion of the substrate so as to expose the second alignment mark from a second surface of the substrate; and etching the lower portion of the substrate using the exposed second alignment mark.

Abstract: Provided are an optical scanner including a micro-mirror having an improved a driving angle by using a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) technique and a laser image projector using the same are provided. The optical scanner includes: a substrate; a mirror unit suspended over the substrate and spaced apart from the substrate by a predetermined distance; a supporter situated on the substrate and supporting both ends of the mirror unit so that the mirror unit is suspended over the substrate; a supporting axis connected between both ends of the mirror unit and the supporter so that the mirror unit can be rotatably supported by the supporter; a plurality of movable comb electrodes vertically formed on both sides of the mirror unit; and a plurality of static comb electrodes vertically formed on the substrate in such a way that the static comb electrodes alternate with the movable comb electrodes, wherein the static comb electrode is a two-layer structured electrode.

Abstract: An electromagnetic micro-actuator is provided that includes a stage rotatably formed on a surface of a substrate; first and second torsion springs respectively connected to opposite sides of the stage in a rotation axis direction; a fixed frame that supports the first and second torsion springs and surrounds the stage; a driving coil wound to a predetermined depth in an upper surface of the stage; a mirror unit formed on a side of the driving coil that is in the stage; and first and second permanent magnets respectively formed on opposite sides of the fixed frame so as to face each other.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a coil for a micro-actuator. The method of manufacturing a coil for a micro-actuator includes preparing a substrate, forming a plurality of trenches for forming a coil on the substrate, covering portions on the substrate with a masking layer except for the plurality of trenches, electroplating the plurality of trenches with a conductive material, and forming a passivation layer on the substrate. Consistent with the method, variations in sections of a coil can be reduced by minimizing bending and warping of a wafer, and therefore a driving current applied to a coil and power consumption can be reduced.

Abstract: A metal line structure of an optical scanner and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The metal line structure of the optical scanner includes: a glass substrate having a metal line region etched to a predetermined depth; a metal line formed in the metal line region; a diffusion barrier layer that is formed on the glass substrate and covers the metal line; and an optical scanner structure combined with the glass substrate.

Abstract: A micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) device is provided. The MEMS device includes: a stage which operates in a vibration mode; an axle which supports the stage and allows rotation of the stage; and a capacitive sensor which detects rotation of the stage. The capacitive sensor includes: a sensing arm which extends from the stage; driving combs which extend from the sensing arm and rotated together with the stage; fixed combs which are fixedly supported for engagement with the driving combs, the fixed combs including surfaces overlapping opposite surfaces of the driving combs in accordance with the rotation of the driving combs; and a capacitance sensing portion which detects a capacitance change of the driving combs and the fixed combs. Therefore, the MEMS device performs precise scanning by structurally preventing deformation of the stage having a light reflecting surface.

Abstract: A micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) device and a method of forming comb electrodes of the MEMS device are provided.

Abstract: A mirror structure and an optical scanner having the same which may achieve a high resolution since dynamic deformation is small while having a large driving angle. A plurality of vertical ribs are formed in a rear of the mirror of a scanner that reflects light, and are vertical to a torsional axis which is a center of vibration of the mirror. A horizontal rib is spaced apart from the torsional axis by a predetermined distance, and vertical to the vertical ribs. Optimum design parameters such as a size of the mirror, a moment of inertia, a driving angle, and dynamic deformation which are relevant to each other may be derived. Accordingly, the mirror may rotate at high speed and emit an image signal to a precise location.

Abstract: A dual comb electrode structure with spacing for increasing a driving angle of a micro mirror provided by MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical system) structure and a microscanner adopting the same are provided. The dual comb electrode structure includes: a mirror unit for reflecting light; a plurality of movable comb electrodes protruded in both sides of the mirror unit; and a plurality of upper and lower static comb electrodes formed above and below the movable comb electrode so as to be alternated with the plurality of movable comb electrodes formed in both sides of the mirror unit, wherein a spacing between the upper static comb electrode and the movable comb electrode is different from a spacing between the lower static comb electrode and the movable comb electrode.