Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode including a buffer layer including an amine-based compound.

Abstract: Provided are a method of extracting a biodiesel convertible lipid from microalgae using a supercritical carbon dioxide and a biodiesel convertible lipid extracted by the method. The lipid extraction method is an economical and environmentally friendly technique, which may considerably reduce an extraction time, compared to a conventional supercritical carbon dioxide extraction method, does not use the toxic organic solvents used in the conventional Bligh-Dyer extraction method and Soxhlet extraction method, and exhibits an excellent lipid yield and a FAME yield.

Abstract: A high strength thin steel sheet that is mainly used for structural members and inner and outer panels for a vehicle, a galvanized steel sheet, and methods of manufacturing the same. The high strength thin steel sheet for superior press formability includes, by weight percent, 0.06 to 0.4% C, 1.0 to 5.0% Mn, 0.05 to 2.5% Si, 0.01 to 2.0% Ni, 0.02 to 2% Cu, 0.01 to 0.04% Ti, 0.05 to 2.5% Al, 0.005 to 0.1% Sb, 0.0005 to 0.004% B, 0.007% or less N, and balance Fe and inevitable impurities, and meeting relation of Ni+0.5×Mn+0.3×Cu>0.9, which is defined as Ni*, and Al/Ni*<1.3 at a same time, and relation of Ti?0.028×Al. This thin steel sheet is galvanized or galvannealed.

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound represented by one of Formulae 1-4 below and an organic light-emitting device including an organic layer that includes the heterocyclic compound. The heterocyclic compounds have excellent light-emitting characteristics and excellent electron transporting characteristics, and thus may be used as electron injecting materials or electron transporting materials suitable for all-color fluorescent and phosphorescent devices, such as red, green, blue, and white fluorescent and phosphorescent devices. In particular, the heterocyclic compounds are efficiently used as light-emitting materials of green, blue, and while fluorescent devices. By using the heterocyclic compounds, organic light-emitting devices having high efficiency, low driving voltage, high brightness, and long lifespan may be prepared.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode including: a first mixed layer between an emission layer and a first electrode and including first and second compounds; a second mixed layer between the emission layer and the first mixed layer and including third and fourth compounds; a first charge generation layer between the first mixed layer and the first electrode and including the first and second compounds and a first charge generation material; a second charge generation layer between the first mixed layer and the second mixed layer and including the third and fourth compounds and a second charge generation material; and a buffer layer between the emission layer and the second mixed layer, the first and the third compounds are each independently a compound represented by Formula 1 below, and the second compound and fourth compounds are each independently a compound represented by Formula 2 below:

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode includes a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer (EML) between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first charge generation layer between the EML and the first electrode and including a first compound and a first charge generation material; a first layer between the EML and the first charge generation layer and including a second compound; a second charge generation layer between the EML and the first layer and including a third compound and a second charge generation material; a second layer between the EML and the second charge generation layer and including a fourth compound; and a buffer layer between the EML and the second layer. The first and third compounds each independently includes a compound represented by Formula 1, and the second and fourth compounds each independently includes a compound represented by Formula 2.

Abstract: Provided are an organic light emitting diode and a method of manufacturing the same. The organic light emitting diode adjusts an optical resonance thickness and prevents spectrum distortions without use of an auxiliary layer. The organic light emitting diode includes a first electrode that is optically reflective; a second electrode that is optically transmissible and faces the first electrode; an organic emission layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic emission layer including: a first emission layer including a mixed layer that contains a host material and a dopant material, and a second emission layer comprising only the host material; and a carrier injection transport layer interposed between the organic emission layer and the first electrode or between the organic emission layer and the second electrode.

Abstract: A high strength thin steel sheet that is mainly used for structural members and inner and outer panels for a vehicle, a galvanized steel sheet, and methods of manufacturing the same. The high strength thin steel sheet for superior press formability includes, by weight percent, 0.06 to 0.4% C, 1.0 to 5.0% Mn, 0.05 to 2.5% Si, 0.01 to 2.0% Ni, 0.02 to 2% Cu, 0.01 to 0.04% Ti, 0.05 to 2.5% Al, 0.005 to 0.1% Sb, 0.0005 to 0.004% B, 0.007% or less N, and balance Fe and inevitable impurities, and meeting relation of Ni+0.5×Mn+0.3×Cu>0.9, which is defined as Ni*, and Al/Ni*<1.3 at a same time, and relation of Ti?0.028×Al. This thin steel sheet is galvanized or galvannealed.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic light emitting diode comprising a substrate comprising a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel; a first electrode disposed on the substrate; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a first layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and containing an ambipolar compound, and a method for manufacturing the organic light emitting diode.

Abstract: A carbazole-based compound and an organic light-emitting device including the carbazole-based compound, the compound being represented by one of the following Formulae 1 to 3:

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device includes an emission layer between first and second electrodes, a first hole transport layer that is between the emission layer and the first electrode and that includes a first hole transport compound and a first electron acceptor, a second hole transport layer that is between the emission layer and first hole transport layer and that includes a second hole transport compound, a third hole transport layer that is between the emission layer and the second hole transport layer and that includes a third hole transport compound and a second electron acceptor, a fourth hole transport layer that is between the emission layer and the third hole transport layer and that includes a fourth hole transport compound, a buffer layer between the emission layer and the fourth hole transport layer, and an electron transport layer that includes a pyrimidine-based compound.

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 below and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound: wherein R1 through R9 are defined as in the specification.

Abstract: Disclosed is a spectrometer apparatus using a continuous wave laser and a photomultiplier tube. The spectrometer apparatus includes a continuous wave laser irradiating part to irradiate a continuous wave laser to introduced particles, a scattering light measuring part to measure a scattering light emitted from the particles due to the continuous wave laser, a triggering signal generator to generate a triggering signal if a measurement value of the scattering light measuring part is greater than a preset value or equal to the preset value, a pulse laser irradiating part to receive the triggering signal to irradiate a pulse laser to the particles, and a spectral analysis part to measure an emission light generated from the particles due to the pulse wave laser to analyze elements consisting of the particles.

Abstract: Novel heterocyclic compounds that impart improved luminescence efficiency characteristics such as low voltage, high luminance and long lifetime to organic light-emitting devices are described. Synthetic methods for the subject heterocyclic compounds are described. Methods for the construction of an organic light-emitting device comprising at least one of the subject heterocyclic compounds and comprising various hole transport layers, various electron transport layers and an emission layer are disclosed. The emission layer can comprise red, green, blue and white emission layers; one of said emission layers can comprise a phosphorescent compound. In certain embodiments, the heterocyclic compounds are useful as either fluorescent dopants or as phosphorescent hosts in the emission layer.

Abstract: A cold rolled steel sheet and a hot dip galvanized steel sheet, which have high strength and elongation, such as a tensile strength of 980 MPa or more and an elongation of 28% or more, and excellent delayed fracture resistance, and manufacturing methods thereof. The cold rolled steel sheet has a composition including 0.05 to 0.3 weight percent C, 0.3 to 1.6 weight percent Si, 4.0 to 7.0 weight percent Mn, 0.5 to 2.0 weight percent Al, 0.01 to 0.1 weight percent Cr, 0.02 to 0.1 weight percent Ni and 0.005 to 0.03 weight percent Ti, 5 to 30 ppm B, 0.01 to 0.03 weight percent Sb, 0.008 weight percent or less S, balance Fe and impurities. The hot dip galvanized steel sheet has a hot dip galvanized layer or a hot dip galvannealed layer on the cold rolled steel sheet.

Abstract: Provided is a ferritic lightweight high-strength steel sheet having excellent stiffness and ductility and a method of manufacturing the same. The steel sheet including 0.02 wt % to 0.1 wt % of carbon (C), 4 wt % to 15 wt % of manganese (Mn), 4 wt % to 10 wt % of aluminum (Al), 2.0 wt % or less (excluding 0) of silicon (Si), 0.01 wt % to 0.3 wt % of titanium (Ti), 0.005 wt % to 0.2 wt % of antimony (Sb), and iron (Fe) as well as unavoidable impurities as a remainder, and having a value of 0.25×Ti/C ranging from 0.17 to 1.0 and a value of Mn/Al×Log(C×Ti×10000) ranging from 1.0 to 10.

Abstract: Provided are an organic light emitting device including: a substrate; a first electrode; a second electrode; and an organic layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode and including an emission layer, wherein one of the first electrode and the second electrode is a reflective electrode and the other is a semitransparent or transparent electrode, and wherein the organic layer includes a layer having at least one of the compounds having at least one carbazole group, and a flat panel display device including the organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device has low driving voltage, excellent current density, high brightness, excellent color purity, high efficiency, and long lifetime.

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 below and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound: wherein X1 and X2, X1 and R1 to R10 are defined as in the specification.

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2 below and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound: wherein X1, X2, and R1 through R16 are defined as in the specification.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to heterocyclic compounds and organic light-emitting devices including the heterocyclic compounds. The organic light-emitting devices using the heterocyclic compounds have high-efficiency, low driving voltages, high luminance and long lifespans.