Abstract: An optical device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an optical device includes a first outer substrate, a second outer substrate, a liquid crystal element film positioned between the first and second outer substrates, intermediate layers positioned between the first outer substrate and the liquid crystal element film and between the liquid crystal element film and the second outer substrate, respectively, wherein a sum of the total thicknesses of the intermediate layers is 1,600 ?m or more. The optical device can secure structural stability and good quality uniformity by maintaining the cell gap of the liquid crystal element film properly, having excellent attachment force between the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and minimizing defects such as pressing or crowding in the bonding process of the outer substrates.

Abstract: A transmittance-variable device is provided in the present application. The present application provides a transmittance-variable device, which can be applied to various applications without causing problems such as a crosstalk phenomenon, a rainbow phenomenon or a mirroring phenomenon, while having excellent transmittance-variable characteristics.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for fatigue prevention, recovery, or treatment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for prevention, alleviation, or treatment of obesity.

Abstract: This application relates to a method for adjusting a user interface displayed on a user device. In one aspect, the method for providing a service of hiding account information, performed in a user device linked with a financial institution server, including displaying a plurality of accounts included in account information received from the financial institution server on a home screen of the user device, receiving a screen edit request of a user through selection of an icon displayed on the home screen, and displaying the plurality of accounts in a first area of an edit screen, moving locations of some of the plurality of accounts from the first area to a second area different from the first area based on a user input, and displaying on the home screen only accounts included in the first area of the edit screen.

Abstract: The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a photodetector that includes a semiconductor substrate, a semiconductor annulus on a planar face of the semiconductor substrate, and a metal layer on the semiconductor substrate, wherein the metal layer comprises a first region surrounding the semiconductor annulus and comprises a second region filling an interior region to the semiconductor annulus, and the metal layer in the first region forms a Schottky junction with the semiconductor ring.

Abstract: Provided are a data reduction method and a data processing device. The data processing device includes a memory configured to store target data expressed as a vector matrix and instructions for performing control over data reduction and a processor configured to determine low-rank matrices W1 and W2 from which a target parameter matrix W is constructable. The target parameter matrix W is constructed as the Hadamard product between the low-rank matrices W1 and W2.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an authentication and payment system and method. The authentication and payment system of the present invention includes an issuer server, an issuer information management intermediate server, an acquirer server and a payment server. The issuer server issues, manages and operates payment means.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for improving, preventing or treating an anxiety disorder, and a tranquilizing composition.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for training a neural network. One of the methods includes obtaining a batch of training items and a ground truth assignment; processing the training items in the batch using the neural network to generate respective embeddings for each of the training items; and adjusting the current values of the network parameters by performing an iteration of a neural network training procedure to optimize an objective function that penalizes the neural network for generating embeddings that do not result in, for each possible clustering assignment other than the ground truth assignment, the oracle clustering score being higher than a clustering score for the possible clustering assignment by at least a structured margin between the possible clustering assignment and the ground truth assignment.

Abstract: A coating composition, a method for manufacturing a substrate using the same, and an optical device are provided. The method for manufacturing the substrate provides the substrate having excellent performance, as the substrate has fixed spacers on its surface by using a single layer in which nanoparticles and spacers are dispersed in an alignment film to reduce processes and cost. The optical device may be manufactured by such method.

Abstract: A transmittance-variable device is provided in the present application. The present application provides a transmittance-variable device, which can be applied to various applications without causing problems such as a crosstalk phenomenon, a rainbow phenomenon or a mirroring phenomenon, while having excellent transmittance-variable characteristics.

Abstract: A duty correction device includes a clock generation circuit, first and second correction pulse generation circuits, and a duty correction circuit. The clock generation circuit generates first to third divided clock signals, each having a phase offset from a reference clock signal. The first correction pulse generation circuit generates a first correction pulse by detecting a phase difference between a delayed clock signal and the first and second divided clock signals. The second correction pulse generation circuit generates a second correction pulse by detecting a phase difference between the second and third divided clock signals. The duty correction circuit checks whether the first and second correction pulses are generated at a preset logic level of the reference clock signal, and reflects the first or second correction pulses in a duty correction operation for the reference clock signal according to a result of the check.

Abstract: A light modulation element that can vary between a bright transparent mode and a dark scattering mode is provided. The light modulation element has a first light modulation layer and a second light modulation layer comprising nematic liquid crystals and a dichroic dye in a scattering mode when a voltage is applied. The first light modulation layer and the second light modulation layer are disposed to overlap each other. The light modulation element has an improved contrast ratio and haze-variable characteristics, without precipitation of dichroic dyes and an increase in power consumption.

Abstract: A surface light source module includes a substrate, a plurality of light-emitting elements mounted on the substrate, a first optical layer disposed on the light-emitting elements to cover the light-emitting elements and configured to disperse light emitted from the light-emitting elements, and a second optical layer disposed on the first optical layer and configured to absorb the light emitted from the light-emitting elements and emit light of a different wavelength band from a wavelength of the absorbed light, wherein a distance from an upper surface of the first optical layer to an upper surface of the second optical layer has a value less than a distance from an upper surface of the substrate to the upper surface of the first optical layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a first stack structure; a second stack structure adjacent to the first stack structure in a first direction; a first insulating layer including protrusion parts protruding in a second direction intersecting the first direction and including a concave part defined between the protrusion parts; and a second insulating layer located between the first stack structure and the second stack structure, the second insulating layer inserted into the concave part and the second insulating layer in contact with at least one protrusion part among the protrusion parts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating ischemia-reperfusion injury, the composition comprising an NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) inhibitor as an active ingredient, and more specifically, to a composition exhibiting prophylactic or therapeutic effects on ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing the signaling of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) by means of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and apparatus for training artificial intelligence based on an episodic memory. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for training artificial intelligence based on an episodic memory may include: constructing an episodic memory by using a feature vector of a training dataset stored in a full memory; obtaining output data by inputting query data into an artificial intelligence model; deriving a similarity between the output data and a feature vector in the constructed episodic memory; and deriving an episode loss function based on the similarity.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises: a first or a second path configured to transmit a first signal which swings between a ground level and a first level, a third path configured to transmit a second signal which swings between the ground level and a second level lower than the first level, a transmitter configured to output received the first signal through the first or second path as the second signal to the third path, and initialize in response to an enable signal, and a receiver configured to output received the second signal through the third path as the first signal through the first or second path, determine level of the second signal through a reference level that is regulated according to a fed-back level of an output terminal thereof, and initialize in response to the enable signal.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate, an active liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second polymer film substrates, a reflective layer, wherein the active liquid crystal layer is capable of switching between a first orientation state and a second orientation state different from the first orientation state upon application of a voltage, each of the polymer film substrates has an in-plane retardation of 4,000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm, a ratio of an elongation (E1) in a first direction to an elongation (E2) in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction of 3 or more, and wherein an angle formed by the first directions of the first and second polymer film substrates is in a range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees.