Abstract: Semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor device includes a first portion of a lower electrode structure on a substrate. The semiconductor device includes a first support pattern being in contact with a first portion of a sidewall of the first portion of the lower electrode structure. The semiconductor device includes a second portion of the lower electrode structure on a second portion of the sidewall of the first portion of the lower electrode structure. The semiconductor device includes an upper electrode on the second portion of the lower electrode structure and on the first support pattern. Moreover, the semiconductor device includes a dielectric layer between the upper electrode and the second portion of the lower electrode structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an ensemble-based reservoir characterization method using multiple Kalman gains and dynamic data selection. The method includes preparing available data; generating initial ensembles by using the prepared static data; clustering and separating the generated initial models on the basis of a distance-based method; selecting the dynamic data; dynamically simulating the selected dynamic data by using the generated ensembles; calculating multiple Kalman gains by using initial models clustered in the same group as the selected dynamic data; updating ensemble members by means of the selected dynamic data and the multiple Kalman gains; and predicting a movement of a reservoir by using the updated models, and evaluating uncertainty thereof. Therefore, multiple Kalman gains are calculated and a final model is obtained using the selected dynamic data, and a reliable uncertainty evaluation and a future movement prediction can be performed within a short time by using the final model.

Abstract: A display device and a driving method thereof are discussed. This display device receives first and second input reference voltages, generates gamma reference voltages having different voltage levels, receives each of the gamma reference voltages, and generates a data voltage of pixel data. The first and second input reference voltages and the reference voltage are changed according to a variation of the pixel driving voltage.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a lower electrode structure, an upper electrode structure, and a dielectric layer between the lower and upper electrode structures and on side surfaces and an upper surface of the lower electrode structure. The lower electrode structure includes a first lower electrode pattern having a cylindrical shape, a barrier layer on the first lower electrode pattern, and a second lower electrode pattern in a space defined by the barrier layer.

Abstract: A method of generating secondary data in geostatistics using observed data that: receiving prepared spatial correlation data, primary data, and observed data; generating initial models by performing a geostatistical technique using the spatial correlation data and the primary data; extracting a best representative model using the observed data from the initial models; and creating final models by converging candidate models. The initial models are created using geostatistics from the spatial correlation data and primary data, the representative models are determined using a distance-based clustering method, the best representative model is selected using the observed data, the candidate models near the best representative model are selected as final models depending on a convergence determination criterion, and uncertainty quantification and prediction of future performances may be conducted using the final models.

Abstract: Disclosed is computing technology for managing information display of an electronic label which is connected to a management server via a network and displays electronic information. A moving device transmits images, which are obtained by photographing an electronic label and a product while being moved in a store, to a management server. The management server analyzes the images to extract information and detects changes in displayed products to register changed information. The management server performs inventory management using the extracted information. Further, the management server uses the extracted information to inform a store manager so that a location of a displayed product deviated from a place thereof is corrected.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a makeup cosmetic composition containing capsules containing pigments in an inner layer thereof and, more specifically, to a makeup cosmetic composition, which contains a pigment in an inner layer and blocks a pigment from an external environment, thereby preventing pigment discoloration caused by the external environment, and contains capsules readily broken so as to enable color to show when applied to the skin, thereby showing color when applied to the skin even though the color of a formulation is nearly colorless and having an excellent skin coloring ability.

Abstract: A method for operating a power transmitting device in a wireless communication system is provided. The method includes receiving feedback information corresponding to power harvest from a plurality of electronic devices, performing beam scheduling based on the feedback information, and transmitting power to the plurality of the electronic devices using at least one beam based on the beam scheduling.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a conductive region on a substrate and a lower electrode structure including a main electrode part spaced apart from the conductive region and a bridge electrode part between the main electrode part and the conductive region. A dielectric layer contacts an outer sidewall of the main electrode part. To manufacture the integrated circuit device, a preliminary bridge electrode layer is formed in a hole of a mold pattern on the substrate, and the main electrode part is formed on the preliminary bridge electrode layer in the hole. The mold pattern is removed to expose a sidewall of the preliminary bridge electrode layer, and a portion of the preliminary electrode part is removed to form the bridge electrode part. The dielectric layer is formed to contact the outer sidewall of the main electrode part.

Abstract: A printing method performed by an image forming apparatus is provided. The image forming apparatus receives job information of content, and generates payment amount information based on the job information of the content. The image forming apparatus receives payment method information from a user, and generates billing information by using the payment amount information and the payment method information. The image forming apparatus transmits the billing information to a payment system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an apparatus and a method for random access in a wireless communication system having a base station and wireless terminals, where the wireless terminal can select a detection sub-segment from a preamble detection segment that is divided into a multiple number of detection sub-segments, transmit a random access preamble with the timing adjusted such that the random access preamble is received at the base station in the selected detection sub-segment, and when a random access response message is received from the base station, transmit a terminal identification message to the base station and receive a contention resolution message from the base station.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite powder of jade powder and a porous polymer, and more specifically relates to a composite powder (jade sphere) in which jade powder particles are impregnated in a porous polymer, the composite powder being produced by spraying, in one step, a dispersion in which jade powder has been dispersed in a solution that dissolves porous polymers, and to a cosmetic composition containing the composite powder, and to a manufacturing method for the composite powder.

Abstract: A signal processing device of a base station being connected to one or more wireless devices of the base station is provided. The signal processing device includes a memory and a processor configured to transmit wireless device setting information to the one or more wireless devices via a front-haul interface during a predetermined time frame, transmit a downlink packet, which is obtained by packetizing downlink baseband data, to the one or more wireless devices via the front-haul interface, receive an uplink packet through the front-haul interface, obtain uplink baseband data and inherent control information by performing uplink packetization on the received uplink packet, and process the uplink baseband data based on analysis of the obtained inherent control information.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a capsule comprising a pigment and a method for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a capsule which comprises therein a pigment inside which is likely to be discolored due to external environment, and thereby can easily crack or break and cause color development when applied to the skin, while isolating the pigment from the external environment, and a method for producing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a makeup cosmetic composition containing capsules containing pigments in an inner layer thereof and, more specifically, to a makeup cosmetic composition, which contains a pigment in an inner layer and blocks a pigment from an external environment, thereby preventing pigment discoloration caused by the external environment, and contains capsules readily broken so as to enable color to show when applied to the skin, thereby showing color when applied to the skin even though the color of a formulation is nearly colorless and having an excellent skin coloring ability.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composite powder of scoria powder and a porous polymer. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composite powder (scoria sphere) in which the surface and the inside of a porous polymer are uniformly impregnated with scoria powder particles prepared by spraying in one-step a dispersion in which scoria powder is dispersed in a solution in which a polymer is dissolved; a cosmetic composition containing the same; and a process for producing the same. When the scoria impregnated powder, of the present invention, in which the porous polymer is uniformly impregnated with the scoria powder particles, is formulated as a cosmetic composition, the porous polymer supplements the sebum absorption performance of the scoria miniaturized in a micro size, and thus the sebum absorption power is greatly improved.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device includes feeding a suppression gas, a source gas, a reactive gas, and a purge gas including an inert gas, into a process chamber in which a substrate is disposed. The suppression gas suppresses the physical adsorption of the source gas onto the substrate. As a result, a thin film is formed on the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a lower electrode structure, an upper electrode structure, and a dielectric layer between the lower and upper electrode structures and on side surfaces and an upper surface of the lower electrode structure. The lower electrode structure includes a first lower electrode pattern having a cylindrical shape, a barrier layer on the first lower electrode pattern, and a second lower electrode pattern in a space defined by the barrier layer.

Abstract: The transmitting and receiving information and power in a wireless communication system are provided. A transmitting apparatus includes a transceiver, and at least one processor coupled with the transceiver. The at least one processor is configured to generate a symbol including a first set of signals for transferring power and a first information value or a second set of signals for transferring power and a second information value, and transmit the symbol. The first information and the second information may be indicated by a result value determined based on a predefined rule on the basis of a first value acquired by forwardly rectifying the symbol and a second value acquired by reversely rectifying the symbol. Each of the first value and the second value may be determined based on at least one of frequencies, magnitudes, or phases of the signals included in the symbol.

Abstract: A method of generating a boot image for fast booting an image forming apparatus. In the method, a boot image is generated to contain information regarding a system state after processes that are not used to execute an operating system and at least one application are terminated. Then, the image forming apparatus is fast booted using the boot image.