Abstract: Provided is a display panel in which a size of a driving transistor of display areas arranged apart from each other in a direction, with an opening area, in which a component is located, therebetween, is different from a size of a driving transistor of display areas other than the above display areas.

Abstract: A display device includes an electronic panel, a window, an optical sheet, and a stress control member. The electronic panel includes a first non-bending area having a first area overlapping the optical sheet and a second area overlapping at least part of the recessed area, a bending area configured to be bent relative to the first non-bending area, and a second non-bending area extending from the bending area and movable to a position opposing the first non-bending area. The optical sheet is disposed between the electronic panel and the window and having a recessed area defined therein extending toward a center of the optical sheet. The stress control member overlaps with at least a portion of the second area, at least a portion of the bending area, and at least a portion of the second non-bending area, respectively.

Abstract: A display panel including a substrate including a transmissive area, a first non-display area surrounding the transmissive area, and a display area that at least partially surrounds the first non-display area; a display element in the display area and including a pixel electrode; a plurality of scan lines extending from the display area, arranged in the first non-display area, and detouring along an edge of the transmissive area; a connection line in the first non-display area, at least partially overlapping the plurality of scan lines, and on a same layer as that of the pixel electrode; and a first line and a second line on a layer different from that of the connection line, wherein the first line and the second line are connected to the connection line through contact holes.

Abstract: An installation structure of an external filter case for a refrigerator is provided. The filter case may include a main body that provides an inner space in which an internal line may be installed and water filters may be installed, and a cover that covers the inner space of the main body and is detachably coupled with the main body. The main body may have an open front side and may include bosses that protrude from its bottom face. The cover may include insertion holes into which the bosses may be inserted. A lower portion of the main body may be coupled with a lower portion of the cover. Magnets may be installed in upper portions of the main body and the cover, respectively, such that the main body and the cover may be coupled with each other by a magnetic force.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave impedance measuring apparatus includes a network analyzer, configured to measure scattering parameters according to a frequency, including a first port and a second port; and a multilayer substrate, connected to the first port and the second port by a coaxial cable, having a via connecting conductive layers to each other and including three or more conductive layers including at least an uppermost layer, a lowermost layer, and an intermediate layer. The multilayer substrate includes a test sample disposed between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer; a through calibration standard disposed between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer; a reflect calibration standard disposed between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer; and a line calibration standard disposed between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer.

Abstract: An ice maker includes first and second trays configured to form a plurality of ice chambers configured to make ice, an upper case including a cool air hole through which cool air passes, and a tray opening configured to allow the first tray to contact the cool air passing through the cool air hole, a driver configured to move the second tray, and a connector configured to transfer power of the driver to the second tray, wherein the upper case further includes the cool air guide configured to guide the cool air passing through the cool air hole toward the tray opening.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first area including at least one opening, a second area disposed around the first area, and a third area disposed between the first area and the second area. The second area includes a plurality of display elements, and the third area includes a groove. The display apparatus further includes a thin film encapsulation layer covering the plurality of display elements and including an inorganic encapsulation layer and an organic encapsulation layer, a planarization layer disposed over the groove, a first insulating layer disposed over the thin film encapsulation layer, a second insulating layer disposed over the planarization layer, and a cover layer overlapping the first end of the planarization layer and partially overlapping the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer. A first end of the planarization layer overlaps the thin film encapsulation layer, and the second insulating layer includes a first through hole.

Abstract: To provide hollow silica particles having a dense silica shell layer. A method for producing hollow silica particles, which comprises: adjusting the pH of an oil-in-water emulsion containing an aqueous phase, an oil phase and a surfactant to at most 3.0 and adding a first silica material to the oil-in-water emulsion, adding a second silica material to the emulsion having the first silica material added, at its pH of at least 8, in the presence of alkali metal ions, to obtain a hollow silica precursor dispersion, and obtaining a hollow silica precursor from the hollow silica precursor dispersion and obtaining hollow silica particles from the hollow silica precursor.

Abstract: A display panel includes a substrate including a display area and a first area in the display area; a plurality of pixels in the display area, wherein the plurality of pixels includes a first group of first pixels adjacent to the first area, and each of the first pixels includes a first semiconductor layer, wherein the first semiconductor layer of each of the first pixels is connected to the first semiconductor layer of another one of the first pixels in a first direction to form a plurality of first rows arranged on the substrate, and the plurality of first rows are connected to a first connection line extending in a second direction that crosses the first direction.

Abstract: In an embodiment, movement-data is gathered with one or more sensors (e.g., accelerometers, GPS receivers, etc.) during a driver's driving session. A score may be calculated for the driving session, and the driver's progress is evaluated by a driver-evaluation system. A driving session report or graphical user-interface (GUI) is generated with a computer processor and displayed at a display device. The displayed report or GUI includes a graphic representing the driver's progress relative to historical data.

Abstract: An installation structure of an external filter case for a refrigerator is provided. The filter case may include a main body that provides an inner space in which an internal line may be installed and water filters may be installed, and a cover that covers the inner space of the main body and is detachably coupled with the main body. The main body may have an open front side and may include bosses that protrude from its bottom face. The cover may include insertion holes into which the bosses may be inserted. A lower portion of the main body may be coupled with a lower portion of the cover. Magnets may be installed in upper portions of the main body and the cover, respectively, such that the main body and the cover may be coupled with each other by a magnetic force.

Abstract: A display panel includes a substrate including a first area and a second area that are spaced apart from each other in a first direction; a plurality of display elements located in a display area, the display area being adjacent to the first area and the second area; and a plurality of lines extending in a second direction that intersects the first direction, the plurality of lines being electrically respectively connected to the plurality of display elements, wherein the plurality of lines include: a first line and a second line adjacent to each other and bypassing along an edge of the first area; and a third line and a fourth line adjacent to each other and bypassing along an edge of the second area, wherein the first area and the second area are different from each other in at least one of size or shape.

Abstract: A method of producing a layer structure and a method of forming a pattern, the method of producing a layer structure including coating a first composition on a substrate that has a pattern thereon; curing the coated first composition to form a first organic layer; applying a liquid material to the first organic layer to remove a part of the first organic layer; and coating a second composition on remaining parts of the first organic layer; and curing the coated second composition on the remaining parts of the first organic layer to form a second organic layer: wherein the first composition and the second composition each independently include a solvent, and a polymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, *A1-B1*.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a cabinet, an ice maker configured to make spherical ice, and an ice bin for storing the ice. The ice maker includes an upper assembly including a plurality of hemispherical upper chambers, a lower assembly disposed below and pivotably coupled to the upper assembly, wherein the lower assembly includes a plurality of hemispherical lower chambers that are configured to come in contact with the plurality of hemispherical upper chambers to define a plurality of spherical ice chambers, a driver configured to pivot the lower assembly, and an ice-full state detection lever that is coupled to and configured to be pivoted by the driver, wherein the ice-full state detection lever is configured to pivot in the same direction as the lower assembly to detect whether the ice bin is in an ice-full state.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerator including a cabinet having a refrigerating compartment and a freezing compartment defined therein and an ice maker disposed in the freezing compartment. The ice maker includes a cold-air hole for receiving cold air, an upper tray made of an elastic material, wherein the upper tray is positioned to be exposed to the cold-air flowing from the cold-air hole, a lower tray made of an elastic material, wherein the lower tray is coupled to the upper tray to define a plurality of spherical ice chambers therebetween, a driver for pivoting the lower tray to open the spherical ice chambers, at least one thermally-insulating portion formed at a top face of the upper tray and corresponding to at least one of the ice chambers respectively, wherein the at least one thermally-insulating portion is constructed to prevent the cold-air from invading the at least one corresponding ice chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a refrigerator including a cabinet having a refrigerating compartment and a freezing compartment defined therein, and an ice-maker disposed in the freezing compartment, wherein the ice-maker includes a cold-air hole for receiving cold air, an upper tray having a plurality of hemispherical upper chambers defined therein, a lower tray pivotably disposed below the upper tray, wherein the lower tray has a plurality of lower chambers defined therein respectively connected to the upper chambers by pivoting, wherein each of the lower chambers and each of the upper chambers connected with each other define an ice chamber for forming spherical ice therein, a driver for pivoting the lower tray, and at least one shield formed on an outer face of the upper tray and corresponding to at least one of the ice chambers respectively, thereby to reduce the cold-air from invading the at least one corresponding ice chamber.

Abstract: An ice maker according to the present embodiment includes an upper assembly configured to be provided with an upper tray which has an upper chamber recessed upwardly to define an upper side of an ice chamber in which water is filled to generate ice, an lower assembly configured to be provided with a lower tray which has a lower chamber recessed downwardly to define a lower side of the ice chamber, and a lower supporter which supports a lower side of the lower tray, in which the lower assembly is rotatably connected to the upper assembly, and an upper ejector configured to be provided with an upper ejecting pin which separates ice from the upper tray after ice-making is completed, in which the upper ejector is connected to the lower assembly to be interlocked with each other, and when the lower assembly is rotated, the upper ejector is lifted and lowered.

Abstract: Provided is an ice maker including an upper tray and a lower tray made of an elastic material, wherein a plurality of upper chambers defined in the upper tray and a plurality of lower chambers defined in the lower tray are in contact with each other to define a plurality of spherical ice chambers, respectively, each ejector-receiving opening opened to each of the plurality of upper chambers, each opening-defining wall extending upward along a circumference of each ejector-receiving opening, an upper ejector configured to pass through the ejector-defining wall and vertically move to remove each ice from each ice chamber, and a driver for pivoting the lower tray to open and close the upper tray and the lower tray, wherein the upper tray includes a horizontal extension forming a top face of the upper tray, wherein the upper chamber is positioned below the horizontal extension such that the opening-defining wall is formed at a vertical level equal to or lower than a vertical level of the opening-defining wall.

Abstract: An ice maker of the present invention comprises: an upper tray defining an upper chamber that is a portion of an ice chamber; a lower tray rotatable relative to the upper tray and defining a lower chamber that is another portion of the ice chamber, wherein the lower chamber is disposed under the upper chamber; an upper heater disposed around the upper tray, for providing heat to the upper chamber; and a lower heater disposed around the lower tray, for providing heat to the lower chamber, wherein in an ice making position, a distance from a horizontal central line passing a contact surface of the upper tray and the lower tray to the upper heater is shorter than a distance from the horizontal central line to the lower heater.

Abstract: Provided is an ice-maker including an upper tray made of an elastic material, and having a plurality of upper chambers defined therein, a lower tray made of an elastic material, and having a plurality of lower chambers defined therein in contact with the plurality of upper chambers to define a plurality of spherical ice chambers, respectively, each ejector-receiving opening defined in the upper tray and opened to each of the plurality of upper chambers, an upper ejector disposed above the upper tray, wherein the upper ejector is configured to pass through the ejector-receiving opening and remove each ice from each ice chamber, a water supply for supplying water for ice-making through the ejector-receiving opening, and a driver for pivoting the lower tray, wherein a side wall extending upward along a perimeter of the plurality of lower chambers is formed on top portions of the plurality of lower chambers, wherein a chamber wall extending downward along a perimeter of the plurality of upper chambers is formed o