Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a storage controller which communicates with a non-volatile memory device. The method includes outputting a first command including a request for on-chip valley search (OVS) count data of a memory region of the non-volatile memory device to the non-volatile memory device, wherein the OVS count data includes a first count value and a second count value of a first read voltage and a third count value and a fourth count value of a second read voltage, receiving the OVS count data from the non-volatile memory device, determining a distribution type of the memory region to be a predicted distribution type, from among a plurality of distribution types, based on the OVS count data, and determining a subsequent operation, based on the predicted distribution type.

Abstract: A method of measuring durability of a nonvolatile memory device that includes a plurality of memory blocks, the method including: periodically receiving a read command for a first memory block among the plurality of memory blocks; periodically performing a read operation on the first memory block based on the read command; periodically outputting at least one cell count value associated with the first memory block based on a result of the read operation; and periodically storing durability information associated with the first memory block in response to a periodic reception of the durability information, the durability information being obtained by accumulating the at least one cell count value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a storage device which includes a storage controller and a non-volatile memory device. The method includes providing a first request indicating a word line sequential read operation of a target memory block of the non-volatile memory device, providing first word line read data corresponding to memory cells of a first word line of the target memory block based on the first request, providing second word line read data corresponding to memory cells of a second word line of the target memory block based on the first request, the second word line being adjacent to the first word line, calculating a first word line gap value based on the first word line read data and the second word line read data, and performing a first reliability operation of the target memory block based on the first word line gap value.

Abstract: A method of operating a non-volatile memory device, which is configured to communicate with a storage controller includes: receiving a first request indicating a read reclaim determination and including environment information from the storage controller, performing a first on-chip read operation for generating first distribution information based on the first request, determining whether a read reclaim is required based on the first distribution information, and providing the storage controller with a determination result having a first bit value in response to determining that the read reclaim is required.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a storage controller which communicates with a non-volatile memory device. The method includes providing a read command to the non-volatile memory device, receiving first read data and first distribution information corresponding to the read command from the non-volatile memory device, determining whether an error of the first read data is uncorrectable, and updating offset information of a history table in the storage controller based on the first distribution information, in response to determining that the error of the first read data is correctable.

Abstract: Provided are a storage system including a host and a storage device, and an operation method of the storage system. The storage device includes a memory controller and a memory device, where an operation method of the memory controller includes receiving from the host a first mode change request for a folder, which is a unit for managing at least one file, and a logical address of the at least one file, and in response to the first mode change request, rewriting to the memory device first data corresponding to the logical address in a second operating mode, and invalidating first data which is existing data already written to correspond to the logical address and the first data in a first operating mode, wherein the first mode change request sets a data operation speed to a high-speed mode for the at least one file included in the folder.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a storage controller which communicates with a non-volatile memory device. The method includes outputting a first command including a request for on-chip valley search (OVS) count data of a memory region of the non-volatile memory device to the non-volatile memory device, wherein the OVS count data include a first count value of a first read voltage and a second count value of a second read voltage, receiving the OVS count data from the non-volatile memory device, determining a first error count value for the first read voltage and a second error count value for the second read voltage, based on the OVS count data, and determining a subsequent operation, based on the first and second error count values.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device including a plurality of blocks, a buffer storing degradation information regarding at least one of the plurality of blocks, and a memory controller configured to determine a degradation level of the block corresponding to the read request based on the degradation information, in response to a read request from a host, infer a read level corresponding to the read request based on the degradation level, and read data from the memory device based on the read level.

Abstract: Disclosed is a storage controller which includes a history table and communicates with a non-volatile memory device. A method of operating the storage controller includes determining whether history data of a target memory block are registered at the history table, providing a history read request for the target memory block based on the history data when it is determined that the history data are registered, receiving first raw data corresponding to the history read request from the non-volatile memory device, generating skew information of the target memory block based on the first raw data and the history data, and determining whether to perform a read reclaim operation of the target memory block, based on the skew information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a storage controller which communicates with a non-volatile memory device. The method includes outputting a first command including a request for on-chip valley search (OVS) count data of a memory region of the non-volatile memory device to the non-volatile memory device, wherein the OVS count data include a first count value of a first read voltage and a second count value of a second read voltage, receiving the OVS count data from the non-volatile memory device, determining a first error count value for the first read voltage and a second error count value for the second read voltage, based on the OVS count data, and determining a subsequent operation, based on the first and second error count values.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a storage controller which communicates with a non-volatile memory device. The method includes outputting a first command including a request for on-chip valley search (OVS) count data of a memory region of the non-volatile memory device to the non-volatile memory device, wherein the OVS count data includes a first count value and a second count value of a first read voltage and a third count value and a fourth count value of a second read voltage, receiving the OVS count data from the non-volatile memory device, determining a distribution type of the memory region to be a predicted distribution type, from among a plurality of distribution types, based on the OVS count data, and determining a subsequent operation, based on the predicted distribution type.

Abstract: A method of operating a storage device includes receiving a learning request for setting a new parameter, evaluating a performance of a workload using a current parameter, performing machine learning in response to the learning request to infer relational expressions between a parameter and corresponding evaluation metrics, using performance evaluation information according to a performance evaluation of the workload and a plurality of learning models, deriving a new parameter using the inferred relational expressions, and applying the new parameter to a firmware algorithm.

Abstract: Provided are a storage system including a host and a storage device, and an operation method of the storage system. The storage device includes a memory controller and a memory device, where an operation method of the memory controller includes receiving from the host a first mode change request for a folder, which is a unit for managing at least one file, and a logical address of the at least one file, and in response to the first mode change request, rewriting to the memory device first data corresponding to the logical address in a second operating mode, and invalidating first data which is existing data already written to correspond to the logical address and the first data in a first operating mode, wherein the first mode change request sets a data operation speed to a high-speed mode for the at least one file included in the folder.

Abstract: A storage device includes a non-volatile memory including a plurality of blocks, a buffer memory that stores a plurality of on-cell counts, which are generated by reading memory cells connected to a plurality of reference word lines of the plurality of blocks by using a read level, and an artificial neural network model, and a controller that inputs an on-cell count corresponding to a target block among the plurality of on-cell counts and a number of a target word line of the target block to the artificial neural network model, and infers a plurality of read levels for reading data of memory cells connected to the target word line using the artificial neural network model.

Abstract: An operation method of a storage controller which includes a nonvolatile memory device, the method including: collecting a first parameter indicating a degradation factor of a first memory area of the nonvolatile memory device and a second parameter indicating a degree of degradation occurring at the first memory area, in an initial driving period; selecting a first function model of a plurality of function models based on the first parameter and the second parameter and predicting a first error tendency of the first memory area based on the first function model; determining a first reliability interval based on the first error tendency; and performing a first reliability operation on the first memory area of the nonvolatile memory device based on the first reliability interval.

Abstract: A method of measuring durability of a nonvolatile memory device that includes a plurality of memory blocks, the method including: periodically receiving a read command for a first memory block among the plurality of memory blocks; periodically performing a read operation on the first memory block based on the read command; periodically outputting at least one cell count value associated with the first memory block based on a result of the read operation; and periodically storing durability information associated with the first memory block in response to a periodic reception of the durability information, the durability information being obtained by accumulating the at least one cell count value.

Abstract: A storage device includes a non-volatile memory including a plurality of blocks, a buffer memory, and a controller that stores an on-cell count in the buffer memory, the on-cell count indicating a number of memory cells, which are turned on by a read level applied to a reference word line of each of the plurality of blocks, from among memory cells connected to the reference word line.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device including a plurality of blocks, a buffer storing degradation information regarding at least one of the plurality of blocks, and a memory controller configured to determine a degradation level of the block corresponding to the read request based on the degradation information, in response to a read request from a host, infer a read level corresponding to the read request based on the degradation level, and read data from the memory device based on the read level.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device including a plurality of blocks, a buffer storing degradation information regarding at least one of the plurality of blocks, and a memory controller configured to determine a degradation level of the block corresponding to the read request based on the degradation information, in response to a read request from a host, infer a read level corresponding to the read request based on the degradation level, and read data from the memory device based on the read level.

Abstract: A storage device includes a non-volatile memory including a plurality of blocks, a buffer memory, and a controller that stores an on-cell count in the buffer memory, the on-cell count indicating a number of memory cells, which are turned on by a read level applied to a reference word line of each of the plurality of blocks, from among memory cells connected to the reference word line.