Abstract: Systems and methods for self-healing Ethernet topologies which are compatible with PBT, which use standards-based protocols, which do not self-configure, and which use Ethernet OAM are provided. Interconnected nodes are configured with a primary and secondary path which is determined by VLANs, MPLS label, Provider Backbone Bridge Traffic Engineering (PBB-TE) VLAN ID (VID), Frame Relay (FR), Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Virtual Circuits (VCs), and the like. One or more head-end nodes are designated for terminating each path and for performing cross-connects between the primary and secondary paths. IEEE 802.1ag Continuity Check Messages (CCM) are transmitted by all nodes on both the primary and secondary routes. Responsive to a loss of a predetermined number of CCM messages, traffic is switched to the secondary route. In non-fault conditions, both the paths for the primary and secondary routes can carry traffic.

Abstract: The invention relates inter alia to pharmaceutical compositions containing an extract obtainable from a plant of the genus Trichocaulon or Hoodia having anti-diabetic activity; and to the use of such extracts and to compound (1) as herein defined and its analogues for the manufacture of medicaments having anti-diabetic activity.

Abstract: A copyright protection scheme downloads data from a server, typically over the World Wide Web to a client for presentation to a user. The downloaded data is cryptographically protected, by encryption and hashing. When displayed by the client, storing and copying functions are selectively disabled in respect of the data, in order to prevent unauthorized copying.

Abstract: The present invention broadly comprises a method for the control of a gear engagement mechanism of an automated multiple-ratio transmission having at least one drive shaft and at least one output shaft, including assigning a synchronizer to at least one gear step, applying a load to the synchronizer in order to engage or disengage a gear step of the transmission, and varying the load that is applied to the synchronizer as a function of the service life of the transmission system.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) or (II) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are ligands at gastrin and/or chole-cystokinin receptors n is from 1 to 4; R4 is C1 to C15 hydrocarbyl wherein up to two C atoms may optionally be replaced by N, O and/or S atoms and up to three H atoms may optionally be replaced by halogen atoms; Z is —(NR5)a—CO—(NR6)b-(wherein a is 0 or 1, b is 0 or 1, and R5 and R6 are independently selected from H, Me, Et, Pr, Bn), —CO—NR5—CH2—CO—NR6—, —CO—O—, —CH2—CH2—, —CH?CH—, CH2—NR6— or a bond; Q is R7V, or(a) wherein R7 is —CH2—; —CH2—; or(b) R7 and R6, together with the nitrogen atom to which R6 is attached, form a piperidine or pyrrolidine ring which is substituted by V; V is —CO—NH—SO2-Ph, —SO2—NH—CO-Ph, CH2OH, or a group of the formula —R8U, (wherein U is —COOH, tetrazolyl, —CONHOH— or —SO3H; and R8 is a bond; C1 to C6 hydrocarbylene, optionally substituted by hydroxy, amino or acetamino; —O—(C1 to C3 alkylene)-; —SO2NR9—CHR10—; —CO—NR9—CHR10—, R9 and R10 being independently se

Abstract: A copyright protection scheme downloads data from a server, typically over the World Wide Web to a client for presentation to a user. The downloaded data is cryptographically protected, by encryption and hashing. When displayed by the client, storing and copying functions are selectively disabled in respect of the data, in order to prevent unauthorized copying.

Abstract: The invention relates inter alia to pharmaceutical compositions containing an extract obtainable from a plant of the genus Trichocaulon or Hoodia having anti-diabetic activity; and to the use of such extracts and to compound (1) as herein defined and its analogues for the manufacture of medicaments having anti-diabetic activity.

Abstract: A method of differentiating embryonic stem cells into neural and motor cells is disclosed. In one embodiment, the invention comprises culturing a population of cells comprising a majority of cells that are characterized by an early rosette morphology and are Sox1?/Pax6+ in the presence of FGF2, FGF4, FGF8, FGF 9, or RA wherein the cells are characterized by an neural tube-like rosette morphology and are Pax6+/Sox1+.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) (and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) are histamine H3 receptor ligands.

Abstract: 1

Abstract: A copyright protection scheme is provided in which data is downloaded from a server 1, typically over the World Wide Web 2 to a client 3, for presentation to a user. The downloaded data is cryptographically protected, by encryption and hashing. When displayed by the client, storing and copying functions are selectively disabled in respect of the data, in order to to prevent unauthorised copying.

Abstract: A motor vehicle transmission system blocks the disengagement of the clutch (14) and the shifting of the transmission (12) into neutral for starting the engine (10), if the transmission is already in gear at the time the system is switched on. The blocking is canceled if the main brake (58) is applied and the application of the brake (58) is confirmed by a brake sensor (56), or if the driver moves a shifter element (24) from a non-neutral shift-gate position to the neutral shift-gate position after the system has been turned on.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are ligands at gastrin and/or cholecystokinin receptors. X and Y are independently ═N—, —N(R5)—═CH—, —S— or —O—.

Abstract: The invention relates inter alia to pharmaceutical compositions containing an extract obtainable from a plant of the genus Trichocaulon or Hoodia having anti-diabetic activity; and to the use of such extracts and to compound (1) as herein defined and its analogues for the manufacture of medicaments having anti-diabetic activity.

Abstract: A motor vehicle transmission system blocks the disengagement of the clutch (14) and the shifting of the transmission (12) into neutral for starting the engine (10), if the transmission is already in gear at the time the system is switched on. The blocking is canceled if the main brake (58) is applied and the application of the brake (58) is confirmed by a brake sensor (56), or if the driver moves a shifter element (24) from a non-neutral shift-gate position to the neutral shift-gate position after the system has been turned on.

Abstract: A compound of the formula wherein R2 is an optionally substituted Cz to Cg alkylene or alkylene chain; R3 is C2 to C15 optionally substituted hydrocarbyl; X is a bond or —NR4—, wherein R4 is hydrogen or non-aromatic C1 to C5 optionally substituted hydrocarbyl, or aryl(C1 to C3)alkyl, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A system and method of optimizing route selection of a communication connection over diverse media are described. The diverse media include but are not limited to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a Wide Area Network (WAN), a Virtual Private Network (VPN), and satellite transmission. A desktop such as a computer is associated with one or more end system terminals. The desktop stores tables which identify the selection of available media and optimization factors associated with each. Set up and tear down protocols for each media are also stored by the desktop. Tables containing routing preferences for each media is also maintained at the desktop. Upon connection initiation the available media is evaluated for optimum service in relation to a callers set of preferences. A reroute of the connection after initiation can be implemented if a preferred route becomes available.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula whereinone of U and V is --CHR.sup.2 --, and the other of U and V is selected from --N(COR.sup.4)--, --CH(COR.sup.4)--, --N(SO.sub.2 R.sup.4)-- and --CH(SO.sub.2 R.sup.4)--,and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are ligands at gastrin and/or cholecystokinin receptors.

Abstract: This invention relates to Interleukin-12 fusion proteins and nucleic acid constructs encoding them, and to the use of such fusion proteins and constructs in tumour therapy, especially therapy of leukaemia. More particularly it relates to carrying out such therapy by means of cell therapy.

Abstract: A clutch control system for the automatic control of a motor vehicle clutch which connects an engine with a gearbox under the control of a driver operated gear ratio selector lever. The control system controls both initial clutch take-up on starting of the vehicle, clutch re-engagement following each ratio change, clutch disengagement on movement of the gear selector lever to change the operative ratio of the gearbox, and clutch disengagement on the coming to rest of the vehicle. The clutch control system also warns the driver if he attempts to drive away in a designated non take-up gear or in any gear in a predetermined abusive manner and may be arranged to promote rapid engagement or disengagement of the clutch in certain abusive conditions to reduce energy generation in the clutch.