Abstract: A processor-implemented method with molecular dynamics simulation includes: setting a precision of first data used for a molecular dynamics simulation to be a first precision; setting a precision of second data used for the molecular dynamics simulation to be a second precision that is different from the first precision; and conducting the molecular dynamics simulation based on the first data of the first precision and the second data of the second precision.

Abstract: A processor implemented method including iteratively training a model through repeated training operations, including calculating a respective sensitivity of each layer of plural layers included in the model, the model including a machine-learning model, calculating a first maintenance probability for a t-th repeated training of the model, calculating a respective maintenance probability of each of the plural layers of the model based on the respective sensitivity of each of the plural layers and based on the first maintenance probability for the t-th repeated training of the model, and performing the t-th repeated training of the model including training selected one or more maintenance layers, of the plural layers of the model, whose respective maintenance probabilities satisfy a first predetermined maintenance condition.

Abstract: An electronic device for performing sensitivity-based quantized training and an operating method thereof is disclosed. The electronic device includes a processor, and a memory configured to store instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to, in response to the instructions being executed by the processor, generate, based on a determination of sensitivity of layers in a model to be trained, sensitivity results, and train the model by applying quantization to a layer of the layers with a low sensitivity of the sensitivity results lower than a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A method with quantization for a deep learning model includes: determining a second model by quantizing a first model based on a quantization parameter; determining a real value of multi optimization target parameter by testing the second model; calculating a loss function based on the real value of the multi optimization target parameter, an expected value of the multi optimization target parameter, and a constraint value of the multi optimization target parameter; updating the quantization parameter based on the loss function and using the second model as the first model; iteratively executing the foregoing operations until a preset condition is satisfied; and in response to the preset condition being satisfied, determining an optimal quantization parameter and using, as a final quantization model, the first model that executes quantization based on the optimal quantization parameter.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method with neural network processing includes: determining whether a portion of a population comprising a plurality of instances to which different mixed-precision quantizations are applied for a neural network satisfies convergence criteria; generating, in response to the determination that the portion satisfies the convergence criteria, a new instance using the portion; and updating the population by adding the new instance to the population.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a security device capable of reducing an area of a die required for implementation of a stable PUF by increasing the value of entropy from a predefined number of entropy sources and/or minimizing a blind zone of a validity checking module. The security device uses an asynchronous configuration to minimize a blind zone. In various embodiments of the inventive concept, the blind zone is generated only in a period when a reset signal is at a first logic level. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the blind zone by minimizing a period in which the reset signal is at such logic level. A semiconductor device, semiconductor package, and/or smart card can be provided with such security device, as well as a method for determining a validity of a random signal using a semiconductor security device.

Abstract: A ternary content addressable memory device (TCAM) may include: a cache memory storing a look-up table with respect to a calculation result of a plurality of functions; an approximation unit configured to generate mask bits; and a controller configured to obtain an approximation input value corresponding to an input key based on the mask bits and to retrieve an output value corresponding to the obtained approximation input value from the look-up table.

Abstract: A processor-implemented tensor processing method includes: receiving a request to process a neural network including a normalization layer by an accelerator; and generating an instruction executable by the accelerator in response to the request, wherein, by executing the instruction, the accelerator is configured to determine an intermediate tensor corresponding to a result of performing a portion of operations included in the normalization layer, by performing, in a channel axis direction, a convolution based on: a target tensor on which the portion of operations is to be performed; and a kernel having a number of input channels and a number of output channels determined based on the target tensor and including elements of scaling values determined based on the target tensor.

Abstract: A processor-implemented data processing method includes: normalizing input data of an activation function comprising a division operation; determining dividend data corresponding to a dividend of the division operation by reading, from a memory, a value of a first lookup table addressed by the normalized input data; determining divisor data corresponding to a divisor of the division operation by accumulating the dividend data; and determining output data of the activation function corresponding to an output of the division operation obtained by reading, from the memory, a value of a second lookup table addressed by the dividend data and the divisor data.

Abstract: A ternary content addressable memory device (TCAM) may include: a cache memory storing a look-up table with respect to a calculation result of a plurality of functions; an approximation unit configured to generate mask bits; and a controller configured to obtain an approximation input value corresponding to an input key based on the mask bits and to retrieve an output value corresponding to the obtained approximation input value from the look-up table.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including first memory cells and second memory cell, and a peripheral circuit. When a first command, a first address, and first input data are received, the peripheral circuit reads first data from the first memory cells based on the first address in response to the first command, performs a first operation by using the first data and the first input data, and reads second data from the second memory cells by using a result of the first operation.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including first memory cells and second memory cell, and a peripheral circuit. When a first command, a first address, and first input data are received, the peripheral circuit reads first data from the first memory cells based on the first address in response to the first command, performs a first operation by using the first data and the first input data, and reads second data from the second memory cells by using a result of the first operation.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a processing block which comprises one or more intellectual property (IP) blocks; a scan chain which is electrically connected to the IP blocks, wherein the scan chain block has a scan in (SI) terminal and a scan out (SO) terminal; a pattern generating circuit which generates a data pattern having a plurality of bits and inputs the data pattern to the scan in (SI) terminal of the scan chain; and an analyzing circuit which determines the degree of degradation of each of the IP blocks based on a result pattern output from the scan out (SO) terminal of the scan chain.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a security device capable of reducing an area of a die required for implementation of a stable PUF by increasing the value of entropy from a predefined number of entropy sources and/or minimizing a blind zone of a validity checking module. The security device uses an asynchronous configuration to minimize a blind zone. In various embodiments of the inventive concept, the blind zone is generated only in a period when a reset signal is at a first logic level. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the blind zone by minimizing a period in which the reset signal is at such logic level. A semiconductor device, semiconductor package, and/or smart card can be provided with such security device, as well as a method for determining a validity of a random signal using a semiconductor security device.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a security device capable of reducing an area of a die required for implementation of a stable PUF by increasing the value of entropy from a predefined number of entropy sources and/or minimizing a blind zone of a validity checking module. The security device uses an asynchronous configuration to minimize a blind zone. In various embodiments of the inventive concept, the blind zone is generated only in a period when a reset signal is at a first logic level. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the blind zone by minimizing a period in which the reset signal is at such logic level. A semiconductor device, semiconductor package, and/or smart card can be provided with such security device, as well as a method for determining a validity of a random signal using a semiconductor security device.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a biomedical sensor configured to generate a first signal by detecting a biomedical signal, a motion sensor configured to generate a second signal by detecting a motion, and a communication interface configured to provide a secure communication channel with another electronic device, and receive a third signal through the secure communication channel. The electronic device further includes a controller configured to generate a secret key for the secure communication channel, based on the first signal, and determine whether to perform a predetermined function, based on the second signal and the received third signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a processing block which comprises one or more intellectual property (IP) blocks; a scan chain which is electrically connected to the IP blocks, wherein the scan chain block has a scan in (SI) terminal and a scan out (SO) terminal; a pattern generating circuit which generates a data pattern having a plurality of bits and inputs the data pattern to the scan in (SI) terminal of the scan chain; and an analyzing circuit which determines the degree of degradation of each of the IP blocks based on a result pattern output from the scan out (SO) terminal of the scan chain.

Abstract: A method and system for monitoring a biomedical signal employ a sensor module configured to output a continuous electrical signal by sensing the biomedical signal, a memory configured to store reference data, a transmitter configured to transmit output data via a wireless channel, and a data processing unit configured to determine whether to transmit input data via the transmitter as the output data, based on the input data, which is generated from the continuous electrical signal, and the reference data.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a security device capable of reducing an area of a die required for implementation of a stable PUF by increasing the value of entropy from a predefined number of entropy sources and/or minimizing a blind zone of a validity checking module. The security device uses an asynchronous configuration to minimize a blind zone. In various embodiments of the inventive concept, the blind zone is generated only in a period when a reset signal is at a first logic level. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the blind zone by minimizing a period in which the reset signal is at such logic level. A semiconductor device, semiconductor package, and/or smart card can be provided with such security device, as well as a method for determining a validity of a random signal using a semiconductor security device.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a security device capable of reducing an area of a die required for implementation of a stable PUF by increasing the value of entropy from a predefined number of entropy sources and/or minimizing a blind zone of a validity checking module. The security device uses an asynchronous configuration to minimize a blind zone. In various embodiments of the inventive concept, the blind zone is generated only in a period when a reset signal is at a first logic level. Therefore, it is possible to minimize the blind zone by minimizing a period in which the reset signal is at such logic level. A semiconductor device, semiconductor package, and/or smart card can be provided with such security device, as well as a method for determining a validity of a random signal using a semiconductor security device.