Abstract: A memory system includes a read-only memory (ROM), a main memory and a processor. The ROM stores a basic input/output system (BIOS). The main memory includes a fail address table which stores at least one fail address designating a memory cell row having at least one defective cell. The processor receives fail information of the at least one fail address from the main memory and loads data associated with a booting operation of the memory system in a safe area of the main memory by avoiding a fail area corresponding to the at least one fail address during power-on operation while a power is applied to the memory system. The data associated with the booting operation is stored in a storage device.

Abstract: A polymer, an organic layer composition including the polymer, an organic layer formed from the organic layer composition, and a method of forming patterns using the organic layer composition, the polymer including a moiety represented by Chemical Formula 1: *-A1-A3A2-A4n*.

Abstract: Disclosed is a digital signature service system and method based on a hash function in which a main agent, who requires the generation of a digital signature, does not personally generate the digital signature, and wherein digital signatures may be simultaneously and stably generated for large-scale data such as multiple electronic documents and digital data using a hash function and a hash tree, which are known as a simple and secure method, to guarantee the integrity of the data in a digital signature-based structure based on a server.

Abstract: A resistor and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. Since a ceramic tube formed of a ceramic material is used and the ceramic tube is joined to sealing electrodes by use of brazing rings, joining strength and durability of the resistor are considerably improved. The resistor may be stably used at a high voltage due to excellent heat dissipation characteristics thereof.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) device includes a first substrate and a first structure on a front surface of the first substrate. The first structure includes a first interlayer insulating layer structure including a plurality of first conductive pad layers spaced apart from one another at different levels of the first interlayer insulating layer structure. The IC device includes a second substrate on the first substrate and a second structure on a front surface of the second substrate, which faces the front surface of the first substrate. The second structure includes a second interlayer insulating layer structure bonded to the first interlayer insulating layer structure. A through-silicon via (TSV) structure penetrates the second substrate and the second interlayer insulating layer structure. The TSV structure is in contact with at least two first conductive pad layers of the plurality of first conductive pad layers located at different levels.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a painless and patchless shooting microstructure, and a microstructure shooting device. According to the present invention, it is possible to inject a microstructure into the skin within the time of less than one second, and the inconvenience of waiting for the decomposition of a microstructure and removing a patch are completely overcome. A patch-type conventional technology has a problem wherein it is difficult to be applied to a region having hair, but the present invention completely overcomes this problem. According to the present invention, it is possible to precisely control the permeation depth of a microstructure into the skin by controlling discharge power.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus, including an emissive display configured to provide a first image having a first image quality; a transparent display disposed on the emissive display and configured to provide a second image having a second image quality; and a controller configured to control the emissive display to provide the first image in according to first mode and control the transparent display to provide the second image according to a second mode.

Abstract: A fuse and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. Since a nonconductive member formed of a ceramic material with excellent mechanical strength and a ceramic tube are used and the ceramic tube is joined to sealing electrodes by use of brazing rings, durability of the fuse is considerably improved. The fuse may be stably used at a high voltage by improving time-lag characteristics.

Abstract: A backplane for a flat panel display apparatus, includes: a thin film transistor (TFT) on a substrate and including an active layer, a gate electrode, a source electrode, and a drain electrode; a light-blocking layer between the substrate and the TFT; a first insulating layer between the light-blocking layer and the TFT; a capacitor including a first electrode on the same plane as the light-blocking layer, and a second electrode on the first electrode, wherein the first insulating layer is between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a pixel electrode on the same plane as the light-blocking layer.

Abstract: A method of repairing a memory device including a boot memory region, a normal memory region, and a redundant memory region, the redundant memory region including a plurality of repair memory units, includes repairing the boot memory region by performing at least one of excluding first fault memory units of the boot memory region from use as storage and replacing the first fault memory units with boot repair memory units of the repair memory units, each of the first fault memory units having at least one fault memory cell; and after the repairing the boot memory region, repairing the normal memory region by performing at least one of excluding second fault memory units from use as storage and replacing the second fault memory units with normal repair memory units of the repair memory units.

Abstract: An organic layer composition, an organic layer, and associated methods, the composition including a polymer that includes a moiety represented by Chemical Formula 1, a monomer represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a solvent,

Abstract: Disclosed is a bottle for containing liquid contents including a body, at least part or all of an upper portion of which is provided with a plurality of guides which protrude inwardly from an inside surface thereof and are in a spiral pattern so that the liquid contents can be guided towards an opening of a neck of the bottle while spirally revolving inside the bottle.

Abstract: A device includes a substrate and a plurality of unit pixels disposed in and/or on the substrate, arranged in a honeycomb pattern and separated from one another by a deep trench isolation (DTI) layer. The plurality of unit pixels may include a group of unit pixels radially arranged around and equidistant from a central unit pixel.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a foldable canoe. More particularly, the foldable canoe is configured such that it is constructed by folding a single synthetic resin sheet along a folding line without using a separate structural frame, and after the use of the canoe, the synthetic resin sheet can be completely folded along the folding line to form a compact shape, thus reducing the volume and length of the canoe, thereby facilitating transportation and storage of the canoe.

Abstract: A zirconium alloy for use in nuclear fuel assemblies is provided, which provides increased resistance against oxidation and corrosion and also improved bonding with parent material, because pure metallic material such as silicon (Si) or chromium (Cr) is evenly coated on the surface of the parent material by plasma spraying. Because the plasma spray coating used to coat the pure metallic material on the zirconium alloy does not require vacuum equipment and also is not limited due to the shape of the coated product, this is particularly useful when evenly treating the surface of the component such as 4 m-long tube or spacer grip arrangement which is very complicated in shape. Furthermore, because the coated zirconium alloy confers excellent resistance to oxidation and corrosion under emergency such as accident as well as normal service condition, both the economic and safety aspects of nuclear fuel are improved.

Abstract: A polymer, an organic layer composition, an organic layer, and a method of forming patterns, the polymer including a moiety represented by the following Chemical Formula 1:

Abstract: A communication apparatus for inter-vehicular communication according to the present invention includes: a network state estimating unit configured to estimate network state information indicating a current network state based on driving information and channel state information of neighboring vehicles; a network access controller configured to control whether to transmit a message based on the network state information; a transmission scheduler configured to control a transmission time point of the message based on the network state information; and a transmission buffer unit configured to delay transmission of the message according to the control of the transmission time point of the transmission scheduler.

Abstract: Provided are organic luminescence display and method for manufacturing the same. According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an organic luminescence display comprising a substrate and a plurality of pixels disposed on the substrate. The pixels comprise a plurality of first pixels, each comprising a first organic light-emitting layer, and a plurality of second pixels which are smaller than the first pixels and each of which comprises a second organic light-emitting layer. The surface roughness of the second organic light-emitting layer is greater than the surface roughness of the first organic light-emitting layer.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor, include forming, in a semiconductor substrate, at least one device isolation layer defining an active area; forming at least one gate dielectric layer on the active area; forming at least one gate on the active area and the at least one device isolation layer, wherein first conductive-type impurity ions are injected into the at least one gate; and injecting second conductive-type impurity ions into portions of the at least one gate arranged on the at least one device isolation layer and edges of the active area adjacent to the at least one device isolation layer.