Abstract: The present invention relates to a microstructure and a manufacturing method therefor, the method comprising the steps of: (a) forming a water-soluble microstructure core on a substrate; and (b) forming a waterproof thin film on the water-soluble microstructure core.

Abstract: A polymer including a moiety represented by Chemical Formula 1, an organic layer composition including the polymer, an organic layer manufactured from the organic layer composition, and a method of forming patterns using the organic layer composition are provided. The definitions of the Chemical Formula 1 are the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: A battery case including: a container configured to house an electrode assembly, wherein the container includes a bottom wall and a plurality of side walls, the bottom wall and the plurality of side walls are integrated to define a space for housing the electrode assembly and to provide a top opening opposite the bottom wall, the container includes a polymeric composition including a polymer and an inorganic moisture absorbent dispersed in the polymer, and the battery case has a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of less than about 0.05 grams per square meter per day, when measured at 38° C. and a relative humidity of 100% according to ISO 15106 or ASTM F1249.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device; and a controller configured to transmit a target address to the memory device for performing an access operation, receive from the memory device a reference address at which the access operation has been performed, and selectively re-perform the access operation based on the reference address. The controller re-performs the access operation when the reference address is different from the target address.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an aluminum plate is provided. The apparatus includes an upper die that has a bottom surface that corresponds to a top shape of a product shape to be formed and descends by a press to press the aluminum plate. The apparatus also includes a lower die that has an upper surface that corresponds to a bottom shape of the product shape and an electrode unit that is inserted into the lower die and is exposed on the upper surface of the lower die to apply a current to a bent portion of the product shape.

Abstract: An electronic device and method are disclosed herein. The electronic device includes a display, a display driver integrated circuit, a memory and a processor, which implements the method. The method includes outputting a first screen to a display in a first resolution, when a resolution change condition is detected by a processor, changing the first screen to display a second screen in a second resolution different from the first resolutions; and adjusting performance of a system resource of the electronic device.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus, including an emissive display configured to provide a first image having a first image quality; a transparent display disposed on the emissive display and configured to provide a second image having a second image quality; and a controller configured to control the emissive display to provide the first image in according to first mode and control the transparent display to provide the second image according to a second mode.

Abstract: There are provided a memory system and a method for operating the same. A memory system includes: a semiconductor memory device for storing data, and reading and outputting the stored data in a read operation; and a controller controlling the semiconductor memory device in the read operation, and sequentially performing first and second decoding operations on the data output from the semiconductor memory device, wherein the controller updates and stores a bin label codeword in the second decoding operation, and backs up and stores a start bin label codeword in the bin label codeword.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a microstructure, the method comprising the steps of: (a) preparing a viscous composition on a lower substrate; and (b) applying centrifugal force to the viscous composition to induce extension of the viscous composition, thereby manufacturing a microstructure. According to the present invention, (i) a microstructure having a micro-unit diameter and sufficient effective length and hardness is provided; (ii) any process that may destroy activation of a drug or cosmetic component, such as high-temperature treatment, organic solvent treatment, etc., is avoided; (iii) loss resulting from contact and separation is reduced; (iv) the limitation of aspect ratio of the manufactured microstructure is overcome; (v) the limitation of yield resulting from flatness is overcome; and (vi) microstructures of various shapes can be manufactured.

Abstract: Disclosed are a substrate processing apparatus and a substrate processing method. The substrate processing apparatus includes an emissivity setting unit to which emissivity at a liquid chemical which is brought into contact with a substrate or emissivity at an interface at which the substrate and the liquid chemical are in contact with each other is input, a radiant energy input unit to which radiant energy radiating from the liquid chemical or the interface is input, and a calculation unit that calculates a calculation temperature of the liquid chemical or the interface based on the emissivity and the radiant energy.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for treating a substrate. The method includes supplying cleaning particles to the substrate to clean the substrate. The cleaning particles are solid particles. The solid particles provide a shock wave to the substrate.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus, including an emissive display configured to provide a first image having a first image quality; a transparent display disposed on the emissive display and configured to provide a second image having a second image quality; and a controller configured to control the emissive display to provide the first image in according to first mode and control the transparent display to provide the second image according to a second mode.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of this disclosure provide an image output method. The image output method includes receiving image data for a plurality of image frames and caption data linked with the plurality of image frames. The method also includes outputting parsing the caption data to extract link information according to a data type from the caption data. The method also includes outputting a connection object or a list, for verifying the link information while the plurality of image frames are output on a display of the electronic device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator including an ultrathin wall-type insulating wall of which the thickness is made to be thin so as to increase the capacity of a storage chamber, while maintaining heat-insulating performance. A vacuum insulating material, provided inside the insulating wall, is provided so as to come into contact with an outer chamber such that the length between the outer chamber and an inner chamber is reduced. In addition, a foam material, which is formed by being foamed between the inner chamber and the outer chamber and is provided between the vacuum insulating material and the inner chamber, is formed to have a thin thickness so as to reduce the total thickness of the insulating wall, thereby increasing the capacity of the storage chamber and enabling the refrigerator to have a slim design so as to improve the aesthetics of the refrigerator.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory controller, a memory cell array, a location information storage unit, an address mapping table, an address conversion unit, and a mapping information calculation unit. The memory controller generates a logical address signal and an address re-mapping command. The memory cell array includes a plurality of logic blocks. The location information storage unit stores location information corresponding to faulty memory cells included in the memory cell array. The address mapping table stores address mapping information. The address conversion unit converts the logical address signal to a physical address signal corresponding to the memory cell array based on the address mapping information. The mapping information calculation unit generates the address mapping information to reduce the number of logic blocks including the faulty memory cells based on the location information upon the mapping information calculation unit receiving the address re-mapping command.

Abstract: A softening apparatus including an ion exchanger that is repeatedly regenerated using electrolyzed hydrogen ions (H+). The softening apparatus includes a regeneration unit configured to produce regeneration water including hydrogen ions (H+) by electrolyzing water, a softening unit including an ion exchanger regenerated by receiving the regeneration water and configured to convert raw water including hardness components into soft water, and a controller configured to control the regeneration unit to produce regeneration water having a pH of 2 to 4. The ion exchanger has a Si/Al ratio of 1 to 5 and includes an inner pore with a diameter greater than 4 nm.

Abstract: An organic layer composition, an organic layer, and associated methods, the composition including a polymer that includes a moiety represented by Chemical Formula 1, a monomer represented by Chemical Formula 2, and a solvent,

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate treating apparatus. The substrate treating apparatus includes a chamber configured to provide a space for processing a substrate, a support unit provided in the chamber and configured to support the substrate, and a nozzle configured to supply a cleaning medium to the substrate supported by the support unit, the nozzle may include a contraction part which has an inlet, through which the cleaning medium is introduced, and a cross-sectional area of which decreases as it goes far from the inlet, an expansion part which has an ejection hole, through which the cleaning medium is ejected, and a cross-sectional area of which increases as it becomes closer to the ejection hole, and an orifice located between the contraction part and the expansion part, and the cleaning medium introduced into the contraction part is a single gas.

Abstract: The heat exchanger includes at least one tube array in which refrigerant flows, the tube array includes a plurality of tubes each having a channel formed therein, and connection members coupled to opposite ends of the tubes so as to interconnect the tubes, and the tubes are injection molded integrally with the connection members.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display apparatus capable of performing an information display function and a mirror function. Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display apparatus of displaying a predetermined object in a turned-off state. Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a display apparatus including partition walls disposed in space between electrodes of a cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) device. Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a transparent display apparatus with improved visibility using cholesteric liquid crystals. Disclosed is a display apparatus includes a reflective layer; and a liquid crystal layer disposed in front of the reflective layer, and configured to be converted between a transmissive mode for transmitting outside light, a display mode for reflecting outside light to display an object, and a transflective mode for transmitting outside light and reflecting outside light at a predetermined area.