Abstract: An electromagnetic induction heating apparatus for heating an aerosol-forming article of an electronic cigarette includes: a power supply unit configured to supply DC power; a power amplifier including a switch unit comprising a pair of transistor switches having a differential structure and receiving DC power from the power supply unit, and a parallel-structured LC resonant network including a resonant inductor connected to an output terminal of the switch unit and electromagnetically inductively coupled with an inductor component of a heat-generating body for heating the aerosol-forming article of the electronic cigarette, and a resonant capacitor connected in parallel to the resonant inductor; and a driving unit configured to adjust a temperature of the heat-generating body by adjusting an operating frequency of the switch unit of the power amplifier to control an amount of current of the resonant inductor electromagnetically inductively coupled with the inductor component of the heat-generating body.

Abstract: An effusion cell for evaporating a thin film forming material, including: a case with an inner space; a crucible provided in the inner space and containing the thin film forming material; and a nozzle provided on a top of the crucible so that the thin film forming material is discharged to the outside of the crucible therethrough, in which the nozzle includes an upwardly upwardly reduced inclination formed to be inclined toward an inside of the crucible from one end of a lower of the nozzle; a first upwardly enlarged inclination formed to be inclined toward an edge of the crucible from an upper end portion of the upwardly reduced inclination; and a second upwardly enlarged inclination formed to be inclined toward the edge of the crucible at an upper end portion of the first upwardly enlarged inclination.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for measuring acceleration and a tilt angle using thermal convection of a fluid which includes a container containing the fluid, a heating body including a first heating element and a second heating element arranged in the container and a crosspoint that is formed as end portions of the first and second heating elements are electrically connected, and radiating heat when current is applied through the other end portions of the first and second heating elements, and a thermocouple including a thermocouple junction that contacts the crosspoint of the heating body and being point-symmetric with the heating body with respect to the crosspoint of the heating body, wherein a voltage between both end portions of the thermocouple is measured to calculate a temperature of the crosspoint of the heating body.

Abstract: A reflective display device using photonic crystals includes a plurality of reflective color filters, each reflective color filter reflects a predetermined wavelength range of an incident visible light; and a plurality of optical switches disposed adjacent to and facing a corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters, each of the plurality of optical switches extracts a predetermined color by adjusting an intensity or on/off-frequency of light reflected from the corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters. Accordingly, a reflective display device using photonic crystals may have a simplified structure requiring no conventional reflecting mirror.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image forming medium includes a frame, an imaging surface on which an electrostatic latent image is to be formed, the imaging surface being supported by the frame, and an alteration mechanism for altering the electrostatic latent image on the imaging surface, the alteration mechanism being between the frame and the imaging surface. When signals are selectively applied to the alteration mechanism, an electrostatic latent image with a potential different from a potential of its surrounding area is formed on the imaging surface.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for measuring acceleration and a tilt angle using thermal convection of a fluid which includes a container containing the fluid, a heating body including a first heating element and a second heating element arranged in the container and a crosspoint that is formed as end portions of the first and second heating elements are electrically connected, and radiating heat when current is applied through the other end portions of the first and second heating elements, and a thermocouple including a thermocouple junction that contacts the crosspoint of the heating body and being point-symmetric with the heating body with respect to the crosspoint of the heating body, wherein a voltage between both end portions of the thermocouple is measured to calculate a temperature of the crosspoint of the heating body.

Abstract: An optical shutter includes a cell having a transparent panel and a hydrophobic transparent insulation panel which are arranged to face each other, a transparent electrode formed on an outer surface of the hydrophobic transparent insulation panel, and an opaque droplet contained in the cell and contacting an inner surface of the hydrophobic transparent insulation panel, wherein the amount of light transmitted is adjusted by changing a contact angle of the opaque droplet with respect to the hydrophobic transparent insulation panel. The opaque droplet may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The contact angle of the opaque droplet may be changed by applying an electric field between the transparent electrode and the opaque droplet.

Abstract: A method for patterning self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals and a method for fabricating three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides having an inverted-opal structure using the patterning method. The patterning method includes depositing first and second conductive films separate from each other, on an area corresponding to a pattern of the self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals that are to be formed on a substrate and on another area except for the area corresponding to the pattern, respectively, and growing the photonic crystals on the substrate on which the first and second conductive films are deposited by dip-coating in a fluid containing colloidal particles while applying a DC voltage to the respective first and second conductive films. Various types of colloidal photonic crystals can be fabricated depending on the electrode pattern defined on the substrate.

Abstract: A reflective display device using photonic crystals includes a plurality of reflective color filters, each reflective color filter reflects a predetermined wavelength range of an incident visible light; and a plurality of optical switches disposed adjacent to and facing a corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters, each of the plurality of optical switches extracts a predetermined color by adjusting an intensity or on/off-frequency of light reflected from the corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters. Accordingly, a reflective display device using photonic crystals may have a simplified structure requiring no conventional reflecting mirror.

Abstract: A method for patterning self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals and a method for fabricating three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides having an inverted-opal structure using the patterning method. The patterning method includes depositing first and second conductive films separate from each other, on an area corresponding to a pattern of the self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals that are to be formed on a substrate and on another area except for the area corresponding to the pattern, respectively, and growing the photonic crystals on the substrate on which the first and second conductive films are deposited by dip-coating in a fluid containing colloidal particles while applying a DC voltage to the respective first and second conductive films. Various types of colloidal photonic crystals can be fabricated depending on the electrode pattern defined on the substrate.

Abstract: A polarization mode dispersion compensation apparatus using a photonic crystal structure includes an optical signal splitter for splitting and outputting incident optical signals into optical signals of a first and second polarization state; an optical signal combiner for combining and outputting the optical signals of the first and second polarization states; an optical signal guide having a photonic crystal structure having a first waveguide and a longer and variable second waveguide; a signal tab for externally outputting a portion of the optical signals and for outputting a portion of the optical signals to a feedback unit; a feedback unit for measuring a dispersion degree of the first and second polarization states inputted from the signal tab, and for outputting a feedback signal for removing the polarization mode dispersion; and an effective optical path length variation unit for varying an effective optical path length of the second waveguide.

Abstract: A reflective display device using photonic crystals includes a plurality of reflective color filters, each reflective color filter reflects a predetermined wavelength range of an incident visible light; and a plurality of optical switches disposed adjacent to and facing a corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters, each of the plurality of optical switches extracts a predetermined color by adjusting an intensity or on/off-frequency of light reflected from the corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters. Accordingly, a reflective display device using photonic crystals may have a simplified structure requiring no conventional reflecting mirror.

Abstract: A light regulating device and photonic crystal display device utilizing bandgap controls including a photonic crystal including a material that is capable of varying its refractive index in accordance with an electric field, the photonic crystal having a photonic bandgap in a specific frequency range; and an upper transparent electrode and a lower transparent electrode arranged on an upper side and a lower side of the photonic crystal, respectively, to which a voltage is applied, wherein a size of the photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal is controlled by the voltage applied between the upper transparent electrode and the lower transparent electrode. With the present invention, a reflection-type or penetration-type display is available which has a simple pixel structure, a high light efficiency, and a high color contrast ratio, the display using high reflection factors depending on color ranges of a photonic crystal.

Abstract: A 2×2 optical switching apparatus using photonic crystal structures has a compact, simple structure and includes an optical-guide module having first, second, third and fourth waveguides, the first and second waveguides guiding a first optical signal of a first input port to a first and a second output port, respectively, the third and fourth waveguides guiding a second optical signal of a second input port to the second and the first output ports, respectively, and formed with photonic crystals having a complete photonic bandgap for a wavelength range of the first and second optical signals, and a switching control section controlling the first and second optical signals to be respectively guided through either a first/third waveguide route or a second/fourth waveguide route according to a route-selecting-control signal inputted from outside. The 2×2 optical switching apparatus has no mechanical motion, little polarization dependence and may be efficiently used in optical networks.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image forming medium includes a frame, an imaging surface on which an electrostatic latent image is to be formed, the imaging surface being supported by the frame, and an alteration mechanism for altering the electrostatic latent image on the imaging surface, the alteration mechanism being between the frame and the imaging surface. When signals are selectively applied to the alteration mechanism, an electrostatic latent image with a potential different from a potential of its surrounding area is formed on the imaging surface.

Abstract: An optical shutter includes a cell having a transparent panel and a hydrophobic transparent insulation panel which are arranged to face each other, a transparent electrode formed on an outer surface of the hydrophobic transparent insulation panel, and an opaque droplet contained in the cell and contacting an inner surface of the hydrophobic transparent insulation panel, wherein the amount of light transmitted is adjusted by changing a contact angle of the opaque droplet with respect to the hydrophobic transparent insulation panel. The opaque droplet may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. The contact angle of the opaque droplet may be changed by applying an electric field between the transparent electrode and the opaque droplet.

Abstract: A method for patterning self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals and a method for fabricating three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides having an inverted-opal structure using the patterning method. The patterning method includes depositing first and second conductive films separate from each other, on an area corresponding to a pattern of the self-assembled colloidal photonic crystals that are to be formed on a substrate and on another area except for the area corresponding to the pattern, respectively, and growing the photonic crystals on the substrate on which the first and second conductive films are deposited by dip-coating in a fluid containing colloidal particles while applying a DC voltage to the respective first and second conductive films. Various types of colloidal photonic crystals can be fabricated depending on the electrode pattern defined on the substrate.

Abstract: A light regulating device and photonic crystal display device utilizing bandgap controls including a photonic crystal including a material that is capable of varying its refractive index in accordance with an electric field, the photonic crystal having a photonic bandgap in a specific frequency range; and an upper transparent electrode and a lower transparent electrode arranged on an upper side and a lower side of the photonic crystal, respectively, to which a voltage is applied, wherein a size of the photonic bandgap of the photonic crystal is controlled by the voltage applied between the upper transparent electrode and the lower transparent electrode. With the present invention, a reflection-type or penetration-type display is available which has a simple pixel structure, a high light efficiency, and a high color contrast ratio, the display using high reflection factors depending on color ranges of a photonic crystal.

Abstract: A 2×2 optical switching apparatus using photonic crystal structures has a compact, simple structure and includes an optical-guide module having first, second, third and fourth waveguides, the first and second waveguides guiding a first optical signal of a first input port to a first and a second output port, respectively, the third and fourth waveguides guiding a second optical signal of a second input port to the second and the first output ports, respectively, and formed with photonic crystals having a complete photonic bandgap for a wavelength range of the first and second optical signals, and a switching control section controlling the first and second optical signals to be respectively guided through either a first/third waveguide route or a second/fourth waveguide route according to a route-selecting-control signal inputted from outside. The 2×2 optical switching apparatus has no mechanical motion, little polarization dependence and may be efficiently used in optical networks.

Abstract: A polarization mode dispersion compensation apparatus using a photonic crystal structure includes an optical signal splitter for splitting and outputting incident optical signals into optical signals of a first and second polarization state; an optical signal combiner for combining and outputting the optical signals of the first and second polarization states; an optical signal guide having a photonic crystal structure having a first waveguide and a longer and variable second waveguide; a signal tab for externally outputting a portion of the optical signals and for outputting a portion of the optical signals to a feedback unit; a feedback unit for measuring a dispersion degree of the first and second polarization states inputted from the signal tab, and for outputting a feedback signal for removing the polarization mode dispersion; and an effective optical path length variation unit for varying an effective optical path length of the second waveguide.