Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display (LCD) includes an LCD panel having an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer and a plurality of color filters, including a red color filter, a green color filter and a blue color filter, to selectively filter white light; and a driver for driving the upper and lower electrode layers of the LCD panel to interpose non-display periods between display periods for displaying a desired color by mixing a combination of red light, green light and blue light, wherein during the non-display periods, the driver drives the upper and lower electrode layers to display white light, which includes all of the red, green and blue light, and none of the red, green and blue light at different, distinct time periods. The LCD according to the present invention is able to adjust the luminance of the display according to circumstances.

Abstract: A reflective display device using photonic crystals includes a plurality of reflective color filters, each reflective color filter reflects a predetermined wavelength range of an incident visible light; and a plurality of optical switches disposed adjacent to and facing a corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters, each of the plurality of optical switches extracts a predetermined color by adjusting an intensity of on/off-frequency of light reflected from the corresponding one of the plurality of reflective color filters. Accordingly, a reflective display device using photonic crystals may have a simplified structure requiring no conventional reflecting mirror.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring thermal properties and making thermomechanical modifications on a material surface using a junction of different metallic wires. The junction of different metallic wires, defined as a Peltier tip, is distinguished from a conventional thermocouple by the fact that it works as a point heat source and as a point temperature sensor simultaneously when an electric current flows into the tip. This novel functionality of the Peltier tip offers a way to thermally characterize a material surface with submicron-scale spatial resolution and high sensitivity, while providing high spatial resolution and speed for thermal modifications since both heating and cooling are possible at the Peltier tip.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring internal properties and making thermomechanical modifications on a material surface using a junction of different metallic wires. The junction of different metallic wires, defines as the Peltier tip, is distinguished from a conventional thermocouple by the fact that it works as a point heat source and as a point temperature sensor simultaneously when an electric current flows into the tip. This novel functionality of the Peltier tip offers a way o the thermal characterizations of a material surface with submicron-scale spatial resolution and high sensitivity, while providing high spatial resolution and speed for thermal modifications since both heating and cooling are possible at the Peltier tip.