Abstract: A folded bit line DRAM device is provided. The folded bit line DRAM device includes an array of memory cells. Each memory cell in the array of memory cells includes a pillar extending outwardly from a semiconductor substrate. Each pillar includes a single crystalline first contact layer and a single crystalline second contact layer separated by an oxide layer. A single crystalline vertical transistor is formed along alternating sides of the pillar within a row of pillars. The single crystalline vertical transistor includes an ultra thin single crystalline vertical first source/drain region coupled to the first contact layer, an ultra thin single crystalline vertical second source/drain region coupled to the second contact layer, and an ultra thin single crystalline vertical body region which opposes the oxide layer and couples the first and the second source/drain regions.

Abstract: A scheme to reduce output variations in a column driver for a flat-panel display by sharing the characteristics of analog circuit is disclosed. An input multiplexer is provided between two neighboring digital inputs, and an output multiplexer is provided between two neighboring analog outputs so that the characteristics of neighboring analog circuits can be shared by multiplexing. The averaging effect by sharing reduces variations in the output. The multiplexing may be done either in time division or on a frame-by-frame basis.

Abstract: The present invention provides a electrochemical element, wherein a multi-component composite film comprising a) polymer support layer film and b) a porous gellable polymer layer which is formed on either or both sides of the support layer film of a), wherein the support layer film of a) and the gellable polymer layer of b) are unified with each other without an interface between them.

Abstract: An apparatus is invented for implementing adaptive routing in packet switched networks. The hardware structure of the apparatus is based on the AntNet, which is an adaptive routing algorithm for selecting an optimized network route using a mobile agent that simulates an ant. The AntNet-based hardware structure can be applied to a system-on-chip system. The original AntNet algorithm is adapted for hardware implementation. Performance of the modified algorithm of the invention was verified by comparing the modified algorithm with the original AntNet algorithm in a virtual network structure. The hardware structure of the invention is effective for AntNet-based routing.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a wire grid polarizer includes the steps of: preparing a mold; sequentially forming a metal foil and a polymer on a substrate; molding a polymer by using the mold; etching the metal foil by using the molded polymer, and forming a wire grid pattern; and removing the polymer.

Abstract: An apparatus for transmitting data in a digital broadcasting system is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a source encoding unit for encoding data to be transmitted and generating source-coded data; a capacity managing unit for dividing the source-coded data into divided data for a plurality of channels in case that an available data capacity for transmitting the source-coded data does not exist in one channel but sum of available data capacities of the multiple channels can accommodate the source-coded data, and adding header information to the divided data; a channel encoding unit for encoding the divided data according to channel environment and generating channel-coded data; and a transmitting unit for multiplexing, modulating and transmitting the channel-coded data through multiple frequency bands and multiple broadcasting sites.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dishwasher, by which an assembly of a sump and washing motor is structurally improved. The present invention includes a sump storing water therein, the sump having a shaft coupling hole coupled with a washing motor shaft, at least one or more guide pieces outwardly projected from one surface of the sump, and a washing motor having a guide groove receiving the at least one or more guide pieces therein.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for vacuum sealing a plastic bag and/or container and a method of controlling the apparatus.

Abstract: A porous solid acid catalyst for producing light olefins is prepared through pillaring and a solid state reaction of a raw material mixture. The catalyst is made of a porous material having a crystalline structure that is different from that of the raw material mixture. The catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity (i.e., conversion and selectivity) in the production of light olefins from hydrocarbon feeds such as full range naphthas.

Abstract: The invention relates to an LCD backlight apparatus, which includes a light guide plate placed under an LCD panel of the LCD to guide light to the LCD panel. The light guide plate has an even upper surface and a scattering pattern formed in a bottom surface. A plurality of monochromatic light sources are placed in line at a side of the light guide plate to radiate light along the plane direction of the light guide plate between the upper and bottom surfaces of the light guide plate. The light sources are adapted to radiate light beams in a predetermined beam angle so that the light beams reach the scattering pattern only after having propagated a predetermined reference length necessary for forming white light when mixed together. The LCD backlight apparatus can reduce the Bezel width without increasing the thickness of an LCD.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sump assembly of a dishwasher, in which water is stored to be supplied to spray nozzles. The sump assembly comprises a sump housing storing water therein, a pump coupled with the sump housing to pump the water, and a heater assembly coupled with the sump housing to heat the water. The heater assembly is detachable from the sump housing at an outside of the sump housing.

Abstract: An inorganic electroluminescent display device including a substrate, a first electrode formed on the substrate, a first insulation layer formed on the first electrode, a luminescent layer formed on the first insulation layer, a second insulation layer formed on the luminescent layer, and a second electrode formed on the second insulation layer. A diffraction grid is provided at at least one of a first interface between the first insulation layer and the luminescent layer and a second interface between the second insulation layer and the luminescent layer.

Abstract: A sump assembly of a dishwasher stores water to be supplied to spray nozzles. The sump assembly includes a sump housing for storing water; a heater assembly for heating the stored water; and a water supply pump for pumping the heated water from inside the sump housing above the heater assembly. The water supply pump has an impeller, provided inside the sump housing and disposed above the heater assembly, for forcing the heated water out of the sump housing. The sump housing of the sump assembly is provided with a heater port, which is an opening formed in a lateral side one of the sump housing for receiving the heater assembly, so that a manual operator can unload the heater assembly from and load the heater assembly into the sump housing, while acting externally with respect to the sump assembly.

Abstract: A structure of a TFT substrate for a high resolution digital x-ray detector, in which two TFT substrates are arranged to be a double substrate by overlapping each other such that an upper plate is moved ½ pixel distance with respect to a lower plate in a direction along one axis. Thus, a difference in movement between the upper and lower plates is a ½ pixel distance. Also, two virtual pixels are obtained from one pixel. Three TFT substrates are arranged to be a triple substrate by overlapping one another such that a middle plate is moved a ½ pixel distance with respect to a lower plate in a direction along an X axis and an uppermost plate is arranged by being moved a ½ pixel distance with respect to the lower plate in a direction along a Y axis. Thus, resolution is increased as data of one pixel is divided into four data to be analyzed and an measured value of a pixel of each overlapping substrate is compared.

Abstract: The object of this invention is to provide a leisure sports helmet having both a fan and a plurality of vents on a helmet body. Due to the fan (100) and the vents (20), atmospheric air is drawn into the interior of the helmet to cause convection to transfer heat from the head of a user to the air, and the heated air with sweat is discharged to the atmosphere. Thus, the helmet is forcibly ventilated while the user wearing the helmet participates in rapid leisure sports, so that the helmet does not generate any odor caused by the heat and sweat in the interior of the helmet and maintains a pleasant and comfortable atmosphere. The fan collaterally provides a decoration effect to make the appearance of the helmet more attractive.

Abstract: A multi DFB laser diode for generating spontaneous pulses comprises first and second DFB sections each of which has a substrate including a diffraction grating, an active layer formed on the substrate, a clad layer formed on the active layer and including a refraction varying layer, and an electrode formed on the active layer; and a phase tuning section including a substrate, an active layer formed on the substrate, a clad layer formed on the active layer, and an electrode isolated from the electrode of the first and second DFB sections. The refraction varying layer in the active layer of the first DFB section has a refractive index different from that of the refraction varying layer in the active layer of the second DFB section.

Abstract: A semiconductor device for use in a memory cell includes an active matrix provided with a semiconductor substrate, a plurality of transistors formed on the semiconductor substrate and conductive plugs electrically connected to the transistors, a number of bottom electrodes formed on top of the conductive plugs, composite films formed on the bottom electrodes and Al2O3 films formed on the composite films. In the device, the composite films are made of (Ta2O5)0.92 (TiO2)0.08 by using an atomic layer deposition (ALD).

Abstract: An ultra-thin semiconductor package includes a lead frame having a die pad and a plurality of leads surrounding the die pad. The die pad includes a chip attaching part to which a semiconductor chip is attached and a peripheral part integral with and surrounding the chip attaching part. The thickness of the chip attaching part is smaller than the thickness of the leads. The package device further includes bonding wires electrically connecting the chip to the leads, and a package body for encapsulating the semiconductor chip, bonding wires, die pad, and inner portions of the leads. A first thickness of the die pad is preferably between about 30–50% of a second thickness of the leads. An overall thickness of the package device is preferably equal to or less than 0.7 mm.