Abstract: Provided is a thin film battery, including: a base substrate; a cathode current collector pattern and an anode current collector pattern being formed on the base substrate to be electrically separated from each other; a cathode pattern being formed on the cathode current collector pattern; an electrolyte pattern being formed on the cathode pattern; and an anode pattern being formed on the electrolyte pattern. At least one pattern of the cathode current collector pattern and the anode current collector pattern may include a non-noble metal based alloy.

Abstract: A battery system (100) having a heating element (124), a thermal switch (130), a battery module (140), and a pin structure (170) is disclosed. The battery system (100) comprises: a battery case (110) forming an internal space; a battery module (140) located in the battery case and including a battery; a heating element structure (120) located in the battery case (110) and increasing the temperature of the battery System by heat generated by an impact; and a pin structure (170) for concentrating and transferring an external impact to a pre-determined region of the heating element structure.

Abstract: Provided is a thin film battery, including: a base substrate; a cathode current collector pattern and an anode current collector pattern being formed on the base substrate and being electrically separate from each other; a cathode terminal and an anode terminal being directly bonded with the cathode current collector pattern and the anode current collector pattern; a cathode and an anode being disposed on the cathode current collector pattern and the anode current collector pattern; and an electrolyte layer being disposed between the cathode and the anode.

Abstract: A method for depositing a ceramic thin film by sputtering is provided to increase deposition rate of the ceramic thin film and to enhance the uniformity of a deposited thin film, which are accomplished by positioning a nonconductive target within a vacuum chamber, and applying an AC/RF power to the target to produce plasma within the chamber, followed by the application of a hybrid power in combination of an AC/RF power and a DC power to the target to proceed a sputtering process inside the vacuum chamber, such that the ceramic thin film is deposited on a substrate placed in the vacuum chamber.

Abstract: A nozzle for spraying sublimable solid particles and preventing frost from forming at surfaces of the nozzle. The nozzle includes: a cleaning agent block for phase-changing a cleaning agent into a snow containing sublimable solid particles; a nozzle block for growing the cleaning agent snow through adiabatic expansion and spraying the grown cleaning agent snow onto a surface of an object; a carrier gas block for supplying a carrier gas to the nozzle block to mix with the cleaning agent snow; and a heater for heating at least a portion of the carrier gas supplied from the carrier gas supply source. Fine dry ice particles and liquid CO2, passing through a solenoid valve from a CO2 reservoir tank and a pressure drop of a flow rate regulation valve, are introduced into the spray nozzle and then mixed with the carrier gas, such as N2 or purified air, and discharged.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a reserve battery having an all solid state thin film battery (5). The reserve battery includes: a housing (1) made of a conductive material; an insulation coating (2) formed on the inner surface of the housing (1); an all solid state thin film battery formed in the housing; a switching System (3) disposed between the housing (1) and the all solid state thin film battery; and an external (6) terminal electrically connected to the all solid state thin film battery, for externally providing electrical connection through the opened surface of the housing. The reserve battery overcomes disadvantages of a general reserve battery using an electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A nozzle for spraying sublimable solid particles and preventing frost from forming at surfaces of the nozzle. The nozzle includes: a cleaning agent block for phase-changing a cleaning agent into a snow containing sublimable solid particles; a nozzle block for growing the cleaning agent snow through adiabatic expansion and spraying the grown cleaning agent snow onto a surface of an object; a carrier gas block for supplying a carrier gas to the nozzle block to mix with the cleaning agent snow; and a heater for heating at least a portion of the carrier gas supplied from the carrier gas supply source. Fine dry ice particles and liquid CO2, passing through a solenoid valve from a CO2 reservoir tank and a pressure drop of a flow rate regulation valve, are introduced into the spray nozzle and then mixed with the carrier gas, such as N2 or purified air, and discharged.

Abstract: A nozzle for spraying sublimable solid particles and preventing frost from forming at surfaces of the nozzle. The nozzle includes: a cleaning agent block for phase-changing a cleaning agent into a snow containing sublimable solid particles; a nozzle block for growing the cleaning agent snow through adiabatic expansion and spraying the grown cleaning agent snow onto a surface of an object; a carrier gas block for supplying a carrier gas to the nozzle block to mix with the cleaning agent snow; and a heater for heating at least a portion of the carrier gas supplied from the carrier gas supply source. Fine dry ice particles and liquid CO2, passing through a solenoid valve from a CO2 reservoir tank and a pressure drop of a flow rate regulation valve, are introduced into the spray nozzle and then mixed with the carrier gas, such as N2 or purified air, and discharged.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for cleaning the edge of a wafer that may be relatively simply constructed with low cost, and prevent the wafer from being re-contaminated by the edge cleaning, thus resulting in increase of the yield rate of wafers. The apparatus includes a cleaning agent ejection nozzle body provided on a side part of a chuck for ejecting a particulate cleaning agent (CO2 particles) towards the side and the edge portions of the wafer held and rotated by the chuck, and a nozzle body carriage for moving the nozzle body between rest and cleaning positions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sealing structure for polymer electrolyte fuel cell, which comprises a bipolar plate with sealing groove to be filled with rubber using a dispenser, and a gasket interposed between the bipolar plate and a membrane electrode assembly. That is, according to the present invention, the thickness deviation in a gasket can be softened by interposing a gasket between a rubber ands a membrane electrode assembly after filling rubber in a sealing groove formed on a bipolar plate using a dispenser. Also, nonuniform stress distribution can be resolved because a gasket covers with a pressure despite the height deviation of rubber, and a stress is not directly transmitted to a membrane electrode assembly and dispersed by a gasket despite nonuniform stress distribution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nozzle for injecting sublimable solid particles, which is capable of minimizing consumption of the carrier gas and also maximizing cleaning efficiency. The nozzle comprises a base block having a space in which carrier gas is supplied through a gas supplying pipe; a sub-block having a space in which cleaning medium decompressed by a regulator is supplied through a cleaning medium supplying pipe; a first venturi block having a venturi path for adiabatically expanding the carrier gas supplied from the space of the base block, and a cleaning medium injection path communicating the venturi path and the space of the sub-block and the carrier gas passed through the venturi path; and a second venturi block having a venturi path for adiabatically expanding the mixed gas of the carrier gas and the cleaning medium.

Abstract: Disclosed is a nozzle for injecting sublimable solid particles, which is capable of minimizing consumption of the carrier gas and also maximizing cleaning efficiency. The nozzle comprises a base block having a space in which carrier gas is supplied through a gas supplying pipe; a sub-block having a space in which cleaning medium decompressed by a regulator is supplied through a cleaning medium supplying pipe; a first venturi block having a venturi path for adiabatically expanding the carrier gas supplied from the space of the base block, and a cleaning medium injection path communicating the venturi path and the space of the sub-block and the carrier gas passed through the venturi path; and a second venturi block having a venturi path for adiabatically expanding the mixed gas of the carrier gas and the cleaning medium.

Abstract: A nozzle for spraying sublimable solid particles and preventing frost from forming at surfaces of the nozzle. The nozzle includes: a cleaning agent block for phase-changing a cleaning agent into a snows containing sublimable solid particles; a nozzle block for growing the cleaning agent snow through adiabatic expansion and spraying the grown cleaning agent snow onto a surface of an object; a carrier gas block for supplying a carrier gas to the nozzle block to mix with the cleaning agent snow; and a heater for heating at least a portion of the carrier gas supplied from the carrier gas supply source. Fine dry ice particles and liquid CO2, passing through a solenoid valve from a CO2 reservoir tank and a pressure drop of a flow rate regulation valve, are introduced into the spray nozzle and then mixed with the carrier gas, such as N2 or purified air, and discharged.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing zirconium-based alloys containing niobium with superior corrosion resistance for use in nuclear fuel rod claddings. The method of this invention comprises melting of the alloy, ?-forging, ?-quenching, hot-working, vacuum annealing, cold-working, intermediate annealing and final annealing, whereby the niobium concentration in the ?-Zr matrix decreases from the supersaturation state to the equilibrium state to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy. Such zirconium-based alloys containing niobium are usefully applied to nuclear fuel rod cladding of the cores in light water reactors and heavy water reactors.

Abstract: An electronic system having a plurality of dynamic semiconductor memory devices and a refresh method for the same. The system comprises a plurality of dynamic semiconductor memory devices and a controller. Each of the dynamic semiconductor memory devices includes a storage device for storing a designated number designating an order for performing a refresh operation, a refresh enable signal generating circuit for generating a refresh enable signal in response to a refresh control command supplied from the controller and a delaying circuit for delaying the refresh enable signal by different time intervals determined by the designated number.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zirconium alloy having excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties and a method for preparing a nuclear fuel cladding tube by zirconium alloy. More particulary, the present invention is directed to a zirconium alloy comprising Zr-aNb-bSn-cFe-dCr-eCu (a=0.05-0.4 wt %, b=0.3-0.7 wt %, c=0.1-0.4 wt %, d=0-0.2 wt % and e=0.01-0.2 wt %, provided that Nb+Sn=0.35-1.0 wt %), and to a method for preparing a zirconium alloy nuclear fuel cladding tube, comprising melting a metal mixture comprising of the zirconium and alloying elements to obtain ingot, forging the ingot at &bgr; phase range, &bgr;-quenching the forged ingot at 1015-1075° C., hot-working the quenched ingot at 600-650° C., cold-working the hot-worked ingot in three to five passes, with intermediate vacuum annealing and final vacuum annealing the worked ingot at 460-540° C.

Abstract: A method for fabricating carbon electrode coated with a porous metal film includes the steps of: positioning a roll of carbon material within a vacuum chamber; winding the carbon material off the roll at a certain speed, winding the carbon material on a different roll while coating a porous metal to a thickness of a few Řa few &mgr;m on the carbon material between the two rolls from a metal evaporation source; and stabilizing the thusly coated carbon material under a vacuum. The coated porous metal film is of Li, Al, Sn, Bi, Si, Sb, Ni, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo, W, Ag, Au, Pt, Ru, Ir, In or their alloys. Since the stable film is formed on the surface of the carbon material, when the thusly coated carbon material is use for forming a cathode electrode of a secondary battery, the reversibility and high rate charging and discharging characteristics of the carbon electrode can be improved.

Abstract: A metal oxide electrode coated with a porous metal film, a metal oxide film or a carbon film, its fabrication method and a lithium-ion secondary battery using it are disclosed. The porous thin film of Li, Al, Sn, Bi, Si, Sb, Ni, Cu, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Zn, Mo, W, Ag, Au, Pt, Ir, Ru, carbon or their alloys are coated to a few Řa few &mgr;m, so as to remarkably improve the capacity of a battery, high rate charging and discharging characteristics and a durability characteristic. The method can be applied to a fabrication of every secondary battery.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus for cleaning the edge of a wafer that may be relatively simply constructed with low cost, and prevent the wafer from being re-contaminated by the edge cleaning, thus resulting in increase of the yield rate of wafers. The apparatus includes a cleaning agent ejection nozzle body provided on a side part of a chuck for ejecting a particulate cleaning agent (CO2 particles) towards the side and the edge portions of the wafer held and rotated by the chuck, and a nozzle body carriage for moving the nozzle body between rest and cleaning positions.

Abstract: There is provided a cathode for a lithium secondary battery comprising vanadium oxide as a cathode active material and a conductive material stable in oxygen or sulfur atmosphere such as platinum, a conductive material stable in oxygen or sulfur atmosphere, particularly, platinum added to the vanadium oxide electrode contributes to structural stabilization of the vanadium oxide and to reduction of internal resistance, thereby improving conductivity and cycle in characteristic compared to vanadium oxide electrode without comprising such a conductive material. Accordingly, the cathode of the present invention can be used in various lithium secondary batteries including a thin film battery and bulk battery.