Abstract: A negative active material for a lithium battery with an improved cycle characteristic and capacity retention rate, and the negative active material comprises a plurality of particles comprising a plurality of first particles comprising Si, Ti, and Ni; and composite particles comprising a plurality of second particles in which at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Fe, Ni, Au, Ag, Pd, Cr, Mn, Ti, B, and P is partially or completely deposited on surface(s) of other of first particles, a method of preparing the negative active material, and a lithium battery including a negative electrode including the negative active material.

Abstract: A silicon alloy-based negative active material includes a particle including a core including a silicon alloy-based material, and a coating layer including an organic binder.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to handover for user equipment between femtocell base stations having different closed subscriber group (CSG) identifiers. A method may be provided for allowing handover of user equipment between base stations belonging to different organizations. The method may include collecting, by a first base station, information corresponding to identifiers of neighbor base stations, selecting handover-allowable base stations from the neighbor base stations having an organization identifier different from that of the first base station, and enabling handover for the user equipment from the first base station to a second base station based on the selected handover-allowable base stations for a handover request of the user equipment from the first base station to the second base station.

Abstract: Provided are femtocell base stations and a management system therefor establishing an X2 interface between femtocell base stations. The method may include obtaining, by the femtocell base station, an Internet Protocol (IP) address of one or more neighbor femtocell base stations, and establishing the X2 interface between the femtocell base station and the neighbor femtocell base station using the corresponding, obtained IP address.

Abstract: A negative active material having controlled particle size distribution of silicon nanoparticles in a silicon-based alloy, a lithium battery including the negative active material, and a method of manufacturing the negative active material are disclosed. The negative active material may improve capacity and lifespan characteristics by inhibiting (or reducing) volumetric expansion of the silicon-based alloy. The negative active material may include a silicon-based alloy including: a silicon alloy-based matrix; and silicon nanoparticles distributed in the silicon alloy-based matrix, wherein a particle size distribution of the silicon nanoparticles satisfies D10?10 nm and D90?75 nm.

Abstract: An electrode for a lithium secondary battery includes a silicon-based alloy, and has a surface roughness of about 1 to about 10 ?m and a surface roughness deviation of 5 ?m or less. A method of manufacturing the electrode includes mixing an electrode composition, milling the composition, coating the milled composition on a current collector, and drying the milled composition. A lithium secondary battery includes the electrode.

Abstract: A negative active material for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a matrix including an Si—X based alloy, where X is not Si and is selected from alkali metals, alkaline-earth metals, Group 13 elements, Group 14 elements, Group 15 elements, Group 16 elements, transition elements, rare earth elements, or combinations thereof; silicon dispersed in the matrix; and oxygen in the negative active material, the oxygen being included at 20 at % or less based on the total number of atoms in the negative active material. A rechargeable lithium battery includes the negative active material.

Abstract: Disclosed are a scanner capable of adjusting the focus distance and an image forming apparatus having the same. The scanner may include a focus adjustment structure that comes into an interfering contact with a scanning unit as the scanning unit moves along a scanning path so as to cause a movement of the scanning unit in the direction perpendicular to the scanning path toward and away from the document to be scanned. With such configuration the focus adjustment can be realized using the scanning movement of the scanning unit along the scanning path.

Abstract: A silicon-based shape memory alloy negative active material includes a silicon-based material precipitated on a Ni2Mn1-XZX shape memory alloy basic material. In the silicon-based shape memory alloy negative active material, X satisfies the relationship 0?X?1 and Z is one of Al, Ga, In, Sn, or Sb.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide a method of a circuit switched (CS) fallback procedure at a first network providing only a packet switched (PS) service. A CS fallback procedure may be initiated upon a receipt of a call associated with a CS service. One of carriers assigned to a second network that provides a circuit switched (CS) service may be selected. Then, a second network cell mapped to a serving cell of the first network and using the selected carrier may be selected as a target cell. The user equipment may be handed over o to the selected second network cell in order to provide a requested CS service.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide a method for processing an uplink signal in a radio unit. A first uplink signal may be received directly from user equipment. The received uplink signal may be delayed using uplink delay information. A second uplink signal may be received indirectly from user equipment through at least one repeater connected to the radio unit. The delayed first uplink signal and the second uplink signal may be combined and transmitted to a digital unit.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide a method of effectively selecting a target cell to hand over user equipment from a LTE network to a non-LTE network when the user equipment requests a CS service. A LTE cell may determine a CS fallback hysteresis parameter in advance. The LTE cell may receive signal quality measurements of at least two candidate non-LTE cells from the user equipment. The LTE cell may select one target cell among the at least two candidate non-LTE cells based on the CS fallback hysteresis parameter and the received signal quality measurements of the at least two candidate non-LTE cells.

Abstract: Described embodiments provide controlling signal transmission in a plurality of radio units. The plurality of radio units may be coupled to a digital unit. The digital unit may be spatially separated from the plurality of radio units. Signal quality measurements may be received from multiple radio units when a user equipment is located within an overlapping service area of the multiple radio units. Determination may be made as to whether to simultaneously use at least two of the multiple radio units to transmit a data signal to the user equipment based on the received signal quality measurements. At least two of the multiple radio units may be controlled to transmit a same data signal to the user equipment using a same channel based on the determination result.

Abstract: A negative electrode for a lithium rechargeable battery includes a current collector, and a negative active material layer on the current collector, the negative active material layer including a silicon-based active material, a carbon-based active material, and an aqueous additive including an aqueous binder and an agent for increasing viscosity, the silicon-based active material being coated with an organic binder, wherein the aqueous additive is between portions of the silicon-based active material, between portions of the carbon-based active material, or between the silicon-based active material and the carbon-based active material.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to handover for user equipment between femtocell base stations having different closed subscriber group (CSG) identifiers. A method may be provided for allowing handover of user equipment between base stations belonging to different organizations. The method may include collecting, by a first base station, information corresponding to identifiers of neighbor base stations, selecting handover-allowable base stations from the neighbor base stations having an organization identifier different from that of the first base station, and enabling handover for the user equipment from the first base station to a second base station based on the selected handover-allowable base stations for a handover request of the user equipment from the first base station to the second base station.

Abstract: Provided are femtocell base stations and a management system therefor establishing an X2 interface between femtocell base stations. The method may include obtaining, by the femtocell base station, an Internet Protocol (IP) address of one or more neighbor femtocell base stations, and establishing the X2 interface between the femtocell base station and the neighbor femtocell base station using the corresponding, obtained IP address.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to measuring macrocell quality of a macrocell using femtocells. A method may be provided for measuring macrocell quality of at least one macrocell using a femtocell base station. The method may include measuring, by the femtocell base station, macrocell quality of at least one macrocell based on event information, generating macrocell quality report information based on a result of the measuring, and transmitting the generated macrocell quality report information to a server through a femtocell gateway. The measuring macrocell quality may include determining whether a macrocell identifier is present in the event information, measuring the macrocell quality of a target macrocell corresponding to the mermen identifier of the event when the macrocell identifier is present in the event information, and measuring the macrocell quality of substantially all neighbor macrocells when the macrocell identifier is absent from the event information.

Abstract: The disclosure is related to controlling an operation bandwidth for a femtocell based on femtocell interference to a macrocell in order to minimize femtocell interference. A femtocell base station may include a measurement unit, a transmitting unit, and a control unit. The measurement unit may be configured to measure an interference amount of a macrocell adjacent to the femtocell base station. The transmitting unit may be configured to transmit the measured interference amount to a system. The control unit may be configured to i) accept an allocated operation bandwidth by the system and ii) control transmission and reception of signals with the allocated operation bandwidth. The operation bandwidth may be adjustable by the system based on the measured interference amount.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving image quality based on definition and chroma are provided. The method includes analyzing an input image; calculating a quantified definition value and a quantified chroma value of the input image; determining a definition parameter corresponding to the quantified definition value and a chroma parameter corresponding to the quantified chroma value; and applying the determined definition parameter and the determined chroma parameter to a frame of the input image.

Abstract: A plasma display device embodying a touch panel function utilizing infrared rays that are generated when displaying an image and that are emitted in a uniform distribution manner in a display area. The plasma display device includes: a plasma display panel (PDP) for displaying an image; a chassis base attached to and supporting the PDP; an infrared ray sensor at a front surface or a rear surface of the PDP for detecting a change in amount of infrared rays emitted from the PDP; and a controller for receiving a detection signal and determining a position of the change in amount of infrared rays, the position of the change in amount of infrared rays defining a touch position.