Abstract: An organic layer composition, an organic layer, and a method of forming patterns, the composition including a polymer that includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene structure, an additive represented by Chemical Formula 1, and a solvent:

Abstract: A data transmission device may include a calibration circuit and an output driver. The calibration circuit may generate a pull-up calibration voltage and a pull-down calibration voltage. The resistance value of the output driver may be changed based on the pull-up calibration voltage and the pull-down calibration voltage.

Abstract: A buffer includes an amplification circuit, an amplification current generation circuit, and a latch. The amplification circuit may change voltage levels of a first output node and a second output node based on a clock signal and a pair of input signals. The amplification current generation circuit may provide currents having different magnitudes to the first and second output nodes during a first operation period, and may provide currents having the same magnitude to the first and second output nodes during a second operation period. The latch circuit may latch the voltage levels of the first output node and the second output node based on the clock signal.

Abstract: An impedance calibration device for a semiconductor device includes a process sensor that detects a process condition for the semiconductor device and outputs a process signal, a temperature monitoring sensor that detects a temperature of the semiconductor device and outputs a temperature signal, a converter that converts the process signal and the temperature signal into a digital signal, and a code generation circuit that generates and outputs a driving code for controlling a level of a voltage at an output node according to the digital signal of the converter and a data signal. The impedance calibration device further includes an output driver that pulls up or pulls down the voltage at the output node according to the driving code.

Abstract: A buffer includes an amplification circuit, an amplification current generation circuit, and a latch. The amplification circuit may change voltage levels of a first output node and a second output node based on a clock signal and a pair of input signals. The amplification current generation circuit may provide currents having different magnitudes to the first and second output nodes during a first operation period, and may provide currents having the same magnitude to the first and second output nodes during a second operation period. The latch circuit may latch the voltage levels of the first output node and the second output node based on the clock signal.

Abstract: A serializer may be provided. The serializer may include a first data output circuit and a second data output circuit. The first data output circuit may provide first data to an output node in synchronization with a first phase clock and a second phase clock. The second data output circuit may provide second data to the output node in synchronization with the second phase clock and a third phase clock. The first data output circuit may perform a precharge operation or an emphasis operation for the second data output circuit, in synchronization with a third phase clock.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a pre-emphasis control signal generation block suitable for generating first and second pre-emphasis control signals for controlling a pre-emphasis operation; at least one first output driver suitable for being selectively enabled in response to a selection code signal and driving a pad in response to a first output signal; and at least one second output driver suitable for being selectively enabled in response to the selection code signal and the first pre-emphasis control signal, performing the pre-emphasis operation with a driving force corresponding to a calibration code signal, and performing the pre-emphasis operation with a maximum driving force in response to the second pre-emphasis control signal.

Abstract: A transmission device may include a main driver configured to drive an output node based on an input signal, and may generate an output signal with multiple levels. The transmission device may include a variable emphasis driver configured to drive the output node with various driving forces based on transition information of the input signal.

Abstract: A data transmission and reception system may include: a data transmission apparatus configured to generate N Tx signals having discrete levels using N binary data, and output the N Tx signals to N single-ended signal lines, respectively, where N is a natural number equal to or larger than 2; and a data reception apparatus configured to receive the N Tx signals transmitted in parallel through the single-ended signal lines, and restore the N binary data by comparing the received N Tx signals to each other.

Abstract: A data output circuit of a semiconductor apparatus includes a pull-up driver including a first plurality of leg units commonly electrically coupled to a data output pad and configured to pull up the data output pad in response to a first code signals, a pull-down driver including a second plurality of leg units commonly electrically coupled to the data output pad and configured to pull down the data output pad to a second code signals, and a code generator configured to generate the first and second code signals. The code generator generates the second code signals by comparing a replica voltage to a reference voltage.

Abstract: A polymer includes a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and an organic layer composition including the same. wherein in Chemical Formula 1, A is a carbon cyclic group including at least one hetero atom, B is one of groups in Group 1, where Ar1 to Ar4, R11 to R14, L and m are as defined in the specifiction and * is a linking point.

Abstract: An organic layer composition, an organic layer, and a method of forming patterns, the composition including a polymer that includes a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene structure, an additive represented by Chemical Formula 1, and a solvent:

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a pre-emphasis control signal generation block suitable for generating first and second pre-emphasis control signals for controlling a pre-emphasis operation; at least one first output driver suitable for being selectively enabled in response to a selection code signal and driving a pad in response to a first output signal; and at least one second output driver suitable for being selectively enabled in response to the selection code signal and the first pre-emphasis control signal, performing the pre-emphasis operation with a driving force corresponding to a calibration code signal, and performing the pre-emphasis operation with a maximum driving force in response to the second pre-emphasis control signal.

Abstract: A transmission device may include a main driver configured to drive an output node based on an input signal, and may generate an output signal with multiple levels. The transmission device may include a variable emphasis driver configured to drive the output node with various driving forces based on transition information of the input signal.

Abstract: A data output circuit of a semiconductor apparatus may include a first driver coupled to an output terminal via a first node, a second driver coupled to the output terminal via a second node and a controller coupled to the first and second drivers and configured to adjust a slew rate of a data signal output via the output terminal.

Abstract: An interface circuit may include a termination resistor and a termination voltage generation unit. The termination resistor may be coupled between a reception pad and a termination node. The termination voltage generation unit may detect a voltage level of the termination node, and may drive the termination node to a level of a termination voltage when the voltage level of the termination node deviates from a predetermined range.

Abstract: A system includes a data transmission unit, a termination resistor and a data reception unit. The data transmission unit may drive a data transmission line based on data, and drive the data transmission line to a voltage level corresponding to a termination voltage during a specified operation period. The termination resistor may be coupled between the data transmission line and a termination node. The data reception unit may receive a signal transmitted through the data transmission line.

Abstract: An interface circuit may include a termination resistor and a termination voltage generation unit. The termination resistor may be coupled between a reception pad and a termination node. The termination voltage generation unit may detect a voltage level of the termination node, and may drive the termination node to a level of a termination voltage when the voltage level of the termination node deviates from a predetermined range.

Abstract: A including a first terminal and a second terminal that are configured to be coupled to each other over a local area wireless communication network, wherein the second terminal senses the amount of transformation of the second terminal and displays different information according to the amount of transformation of the second terminal.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a pre-emphasis control signal generation portion suitable for generating a pre-emphasis control signal for a pre-emphasis operation; and a plurality of output drivers, a portion of which performs the pre-emphasis operation based on the pre-emphasis control signal when an output operation is performed.