Abstract: The present invention can provide methods of forming a thin layer for a semiconductor device. The methods can include forming a recessed portion on an object, and forming an insulation layer on the object by reacting a water vapor, an oxygen gas including an oxygen radical and an organic silicon source gas with each other, so that the recessed portion is filled with the insulation layer. Accordingly, a flow characteristic of the insulation layer can be improved, so that a seam defect can be sufficiently decreased in the insulation layer. The present invention can further provide apparatus for forming a thin layer.

Abstract: A method for creating an anatomic working space in a body for a minilaparotomy procedure includes forming a minilaparotomy opening in the body, forming a trocar opening in the body, inserting a trocar into the trocar opening, introducing a telescope through the trocar to observe a first tissue to be surgically treated, inserting at least one first piercing retractor into the body through the opening, wherein the piercing retractor has first and second end portions, puncturing a wall of the body by the first end portion of the first piercing retractor, and lifting the wall of the body and moving around by using the first piercing retractor until a desirable anatomic working space is created in the body. It is emphasized that this abstract is provided to comply with the rules requiring an abstract that will allow a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain the subject matter of the technical disclosure.

Abstract: The present invention discloses surgical instruments and a method for creating anatomic working space in a minilaparotomy procedure. More particularly, a method for creating an anatomic working space in a body for a minilaparotomy procedure includes forming a minilaparotomy opening in the body, forming a trocar opening in the body, inserting a trocar into the trocar opening, introducing a telescope through the trocar to observe a first tissue to be surgically treated, inserting at least one first piercing retractor into the body through the opening, wherein the piercing retractor has first and second end portions, puncturing a wall of the body by the first end portion of the first piercing retractor, and lifting the wall of the body and moving around by using the first piercing retractor until a desirable anatomic working space is created in the body.

Abstract: The write recovery time control circuit includes a power control signal generating circuit, a decoder circuit and a write disabling signal generating circuit. The power control signal generating circuit generates a power control signal based on a cell block address signal, at least one bit of a predecoded address signal, and a write disabling signal. The decoder circuit generates word line selection signals based on the predecoded address signal and the power control signal. The write disabling signal generating circuit generates the write disabling signal such that changes in said power control signal are delayed by a predetermined period of time.