Abstract: A semiconductor memory may include at least one memory cell. The memory cell may include: a first electrode layer; a second electrode layer separated from the first electrode layer, wherein the first and second electrode layers are coupled to receive a voltage applied to the first and second electrode layers; and a self-selecting memory layer interposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer and configured to store data and operable to disconnect or connect a conducting path between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, to respond to the voltage applied to the first and second electrode layers, wherein the self-selecting memory layer includes an insulating material layer, a first dopant that creates a shallow trap providing a path for conductive carriers in the insulating material layer, and a second dopant that is movable in the insulating material layer according to a polarity of the voltage applied to the first and second electrode layers.

Abstract: A semiconductor device including at least one memory cell is provided. The memory cell includes: a first electrode layer; a second electrode layer; a selection element layer coupled between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer; and an insulating layer coupled between the first electrode layer and the second electrode such that a side surface of the insulating layer is in contact with a side surface of the selection element layer, wherein the selection element layer includes an insulating material doped with a first element, and wherein the insulating layer includes the insulating material doped with the first element at a lower concentration than the selection element layer, or the insulating material not doped with the first element.

Abstract: Provided is a meta-optics including a waveguide layer including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a plurality of meta units provided on the waveguide layer, each meta unit of the plurality of meta units including a grating configured to diffract incident light of a predetermined wavelength, a first electrode provided under the grating, a dielectric layer provided over the grating, and a second electrode provided on the dielectric layer, wherein a dielectric constant of the grating and a reflectance of the grating with respect to incident light change based on a voltage applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating chronic allograft dysfunction, comprising bisphosphonate which is used as a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis. The composition for preventing or treating chronic allograft dysfunction, comprising bisphosphonate, according to the present invention has an excellent prophylactic and/or therapeutic effect on chronic allograft dysfunction caused by a gradual decrease in the function of a transplanted tissue or organ which occurs after tissue or organ transplantation surgery, and thus is expected to be able to remarkably increase a long-term survival after transplantation surgery.

Abstract: A user authentication method and a user authentication apparatus acquire an input image including a frontalized face of a user, calculate a confidence map including confidence values, for authenticating the user, corresponding to pixels with values maintained in a depth image of the frontalized face of the user among pixels included in the input image, extract a second feature vector from a second image generated based on the input image and the confidence map, acquire a first feature vector corresponding to an enrolled image, and perform authentication of the user based on a correlation between the first feature vector and the second feature vector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a micro LED grip body and a system having the same for inspecting a micro LED, the micro LED grip body having a vacuum-suction structure capable of being used for transferring a micro LED, thereby solving problems of micro LED transfer heads that have been proposed in the related art.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of operating a selector device, a method of operating a nonvolatile memory apparatus to which the selector device is applied, an electronic circuit device including the selector device, and a nonvolatile memory apparatus. The method of operating the selector device controls access to a memory element, and includes providing the selector device including a switching layer and first and second electrodes disposed on both surfaces of the switching layer, which includes an insulator and a metal element, and applying a multi-step voltage pulse to the switching layer via the first and second electrodes to adjust a threshold voltage of the selector device, the multi-step voltage pulse including a threshold voltage control pulse and an operating voltage pulse. The operating voltage pulse has a magnitude for turning on the selector device, and the threshold voltage control pulse has a lower magnitude lower than the operating voltage pulse.

Abstract: Proposed are a part having a corrosion-resistant layer that minimizes peeling off and particle generation of a porous ceramic layer, a manufacturing process apparatus having the same, and a method of manufacturing the part.

Abstract: A fluidized bed reactor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a reactor body, and a dispersion plate coupled to a bottom portion of the reactor body. The dispersion plate may include a base plate and injection columns protruding from a top surface of the base plate. The injection columns include first injection columns arranged at a central portion of the dispersion plate, and second injection columns arranged at a peripheral portion of the dispersion plate. The second injection column has a greater height than a height of the first injection column. A reactive gas is uniformly injected to a wall surface of the reactor through the dispersion plate, thereby increasing a recovery ratio for an active metal of a lithium secondary battery.

Abstract: Real-space optical signal processing is provided by optical angular filters that act on amplitude and/or phase of zero order light passing through a resonant diffractive optical device. One application is to phase contrast microscopy, where the diffractive optical device can be configured to have an amplitude and phase response suitable for phase contrast microscopy. For example, 60% or more intensity attenuation of the zero order light, combined with a phase shift of the zero order light by +/?90 degrees.

Abstract: Proposed is an anodic oxide film structure that includes an anodic oxide film sheet and has high strength, chemical resistance and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A processor-implemented method with object tracking includes: determining an initial template image based on an input bounding box and an input image; generating an initial feature map by extracting features from the initial template image; generating a transformed feature map by performing feature transformation adapted to objectness on the initial feature map; generating an objectness probability map and a bounding box map indicating bounding box information corresponding to each coordinate of the objectness probability map by performing objectness-based bounding box regression analysis on the transformed feature map; and determining a refined bounding box based on the objectness probability map and the bounding box map.

Abstract: A user authentication method and a user authentication apparatus acquire an input image including a frontalized face of a user, calculate a confidence map including confidence values, for authenticating the user, corresponding to pixels with values maintained in a depth image of the frontalized face of the user among pixels included in the input image, extract a second feature vector from a second image generated based on the input image and the confidence map, acquire a first feature vector corresponding to an enrolled image, and perform authentication of the user based on a correlation between the first feature vector and the second feature vector.

Abstract: A processor-implemented object tracking method includes: setting a suppressed region in a template image based on a shape of a target box of the template image; refining a template feature map of the template image by suppressing an influence of feature data corresponding to the suppressed region in the template feature map; and tracking an object by determining a bounding box corresponding to the target box in a search image based on the refined template feature map.

Abstract: A neural network engine configured to perform neural network computations. The neural network engine includes a first memory block configured to provide a first operand; a second memory block configured to provide a second operand; a synapse array configured to produce partial products of the first and second operands, wherein the synapse array is located outside of the first and second memory blocks; and, an accumulator array to perform summation of the partial products produced by the synapse array.

Abstract: A non-volatile synapse circuit of a non-volatile neural network. The synapse includes: a first input signal line for providing a first input signal; a reference signal line for providing a reference signal; first and second output lines for carrying first and second output signals therethrough, and first and second cells for generating the first and second output signals, respectively. Each of the first and second cells includes: a first upper select transistor having a gate that is electrically coupled to the first input signal line; and a first resistive changing element having one end connected to the first select transistor in series and another end electrically coupled to the reference signal line. The value of the first resistive changing element may be programmable to change the magnitude of an output signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a use of agar-derived oligosaccharides for inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus. More specifically, the present invention provides, as a material for medicine, food, cosmetics and the like, a use of agar-derived agarooligosaccharides, agarobiose or AHG, which have an effect of inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus or killing the same.

Abstract: A method for isolating a lithium precursor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes preparing a preliminary precursor mixture including a preliminary lithium precursor and a preliminary transition metal precursor, mixing the preliminary precursor mixture and a precipitation liquid in a reactor to form a precursor mixture, and injecting a non-reactive gas into the precursor mixture. Accordingly, the lithium precursor can be isolated with high yield and high efficiency.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory combines a data cell and a reference cell. The data cell includes a coupling structure and a transistor stack. The transistor stack is electrically coupled to the coupling structure. The data cell can store data and output a data signal that corresponds to the data. The reference cell includes a transistor stack that has the same structure as that of the data cell and outputs a reference signal. A column circuit is electrically coupled to the data cell and the first reference cell and configured to process the data signal using the reference signal.

Abstract: A synapse circuit of a non-volatile neural network. The synapse includes: an input signal line; a reference signal line; an output line, and a cell for generating the output signal. The cell includes: an upper select transistor having a gate that is electrically coupled to the input signal line; and a resistive changing element having one end connected to the upper select transistor in series and another end electrically coupled to the reference signal line. The value of the resistive changing element is programmable to change the magnitude of an output signal. The drain of the upper select transistor is electrically coupled to the first output line.