Abstract: A high-voltage output circuits according to the present invention comprise a high-voltage level shifter and a high-voltage output means including a high-voltage NMOS as a pull-up element, or a bootstrapping circuit, wherein the same input voltage as a predetermined output voltage and a data signal are inputted and an output voltage of a high-voltage pulse corresponding to the data signal is outputted, and which can prevent a drop in a threshold voltage of the high-voltage element with using high-voltage NMOS transistors only and therefore can reduce an area as compared with a structure using high-voltage PMOS transistors for a full swing.

Abstract: A micro mirror device having a micro mirror that can slant with regard a plurality of rotation axes, and a projector employing such a micro mirror device, are provided. This micro mirror device includes a substrate; a plurality of address electrodes formed on the substrate, and a bias electrode for making the micro mirrors slant with regard to a plurality of rotation axes, together with the address electrodes; and a holding plate including a central portion for supporting a second post that supports the micro mirrors and at least one spring hinges transforming elastically when the micro mirrors slant with regard to the rotation axes, the holding plate held by first posts of predetermined numbers which are formed on the bias electrode.

Abstract: A hydraulic control system for an automatic transmission, in which four forward speeds and one reverse speed are realized by the use of a reduced number of friction elements compared to the prior art such that overall structure is simplified, the weight of the automatic transmission is decreased, and the cost of production is reduced. In the hydraulic control system, hydraulic pressure generated in an oil pump is controlled to a predetermined level by a regulator valve, and part of this pressure is supplied as operational pressure of a damper clutch and to a reducing valve, and another part of this pressure is supplied to a hydraulic pressure control section for the selective supply of operational pressure to friction elements that are engaged in each shift range and speed, the hydraulic pressure control section including a shift control assembly, a hydraulic pressure control assembly, a switching assembly, a fail-safe assembly, and a N-R control assembly.

Abstract: There are provided an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display driving apparatus and a driving method thereof, in which the OLED display panel driving apparatus of a passive matrix type is configured such that its scan driving circuit has 3-state output, and the cathode lines, selected when the scan driving circuit performs a scan operation, maintain grounding, and after data-applied OLED emits light, are switched in a high voltage, and execute a refresh operation to initialize the pixel charges, and with the high impedance state maintained, non-selective common cathode lines turn into a high impedance state so as to remove the parasitic capacitance elements, and reduce the capacitance element functioning as the load of the data driving circuit connected to the OLED anode lines, and without the use of precharge method of maintaining the anode lines above a predetermined voltage quickly by using a voltage source, and applying data by using a current source, the anode lines can be charged within a short time

Abstract: There is provided a small and light ozone generating apparatus capable of producing ozone with much less consumption of electric power. The present invention comprises a pulse generator for generating high-voltage pulses and a discharge chamber for inducing electrical discharge in response to the high-voltage pulses. The pulse generator includes an LC circuit for compressing square wave signals and generating impulses. The use of impulse greatly reduces electric power consumption and volume of ozone generating apparatus. Electrical discharge takes place between an electrode plate and grounded chamber wall. A sheet of oxide dielectric covers the chamber wall to prevent corrosion of chamber wall.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydraulic control system for an automatic transmission, in which four forward speeds and one reverse speed are realized by the use of a reduced number of friction elements compared to the prior art such that overall structure is simplified, the weight of the automatic transmission is decreased, and the cost of production is reduced. In the hydraulic control system, hydraulic pressure generated in an oil pump is controlled to a predetermined level by a regulator valve, and part of this pressure is supplied as operational pressure of a damper clutch and to a reducing valve, and another part of this pressure is supplied to a hydraulic pressure control section for the selective supply of operational pressure to friction elements that are engaged in each shift range and speed, the hydraulic pressure control section including a shift control assembly, a hydraulic pressure control assembly, a switching assembly, a fail-safe assembly, and a N-R control assembly.

Abstract: Cut filler compositions, cigarettes, methods for making cigarettes and methods for smoking cigarettes are provided, which involve the use of nanoparticle additives capable of reducing amounts of at least one constituent from mainstream and/or sidestream tobacco smoke, the at least one constituent being selected from the group consisting of aldehyde, carbon monoxide, 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, acrolein, acrylonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, o-toluidine, 2-naphtylamine, nitrogen oxide, benzene, N-nitrosonornicotine, phenol, catechol, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the nanoparticle additives are effective as an oxidant for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or as a catalyst for the conversion of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and/or catalyst for conversion of aldehydes such as acetaldehyde and acrolein, hydrocarbons such as isoprene and/or phenolic compounds such as catechol to carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Abstract: Disclosed is an ER fluid comprising a water-soluble starch as a conductive particle and an additive to improve flow properties and to prevent precipitation of the ER fluid. The ER fluid can be widely applied to a variable attenuator which is able to control a suspension, a vibration damper and an engine mount, to a power unit such as a break and a clutch, and to various industrial fields such as an automobile and aviation industries.

Abstract: A host computer determines the location of character values in which information on the location in which each of two or more character values distinguishable from each other is arranged on the screen is determined, and sends information on the determined locations to a remote terminal. The remote terminal displays the two or more character values according to the received information, displays a screen pointer and moves the screen pointer in response to a first event. The terminal transmits the information to the host computer in response to a second event. The host computer interprets a character value indicated by the screen pointer at the time when the second event is generated, using location information of the two or more character values determined and information on the screen pointer.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and a method for verifying the validity of an XML document when an XML application operates in an embedded device having a relatively low-performance processor and a small memory so as to prevent errors in the XML application due to wrong information. An XML parser using an external XML validator includes an XML receiver, an external XML validator caller, and a DOM/SAX tree generator. The external XML validator includes a schema/DTD receiver, an XML validator, and an XML validity result transmitter.

Abstract: The powertrain of a six-speed powertrain and a hydraulic control system includes a main shift section of first and second single pinion planetary gearsets, in which a first planet carrier is fixedly connected to a second ring gear. The powertrain also includes a first ring gear fixedly connected to a second planet carrier, and a first sun gear. The second planet carrier, and a second sun gear are variably connected to an input shaft through first, second, and third clutches, respectively. A connecting member connecting the first ring gear and the second planet carrier is variably connected to a housing through a first brake and a first one-way clutch. The second sun gear being variably connected to the housing by a second brake.

Abstract: A data recovery circuit and a method thereof, which are capable of reducing locking time and jitter, are provided. The data recovery circuit includes a frequency-locked loop, a locking detector, a delay-locked loop, and a data determination circuit. The frequency-locked loop locks the frequency of an internal clock signal fed back thereto in response to an input signal with the frequency of the input signal and generates a frequency locking signal representing that the input signal is frequency-locked with the internal clock signal. The locking detector determines whether the frequency of the internal clock signal is in a predetermined frequency range of the input signal in response to the frequency locking signal and generates a phase control signal. The delay-locked loop is controlled by the phase control signal, locks the phase of the internal clock signal with the phase of the input signal, and generates a recovery locking signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel N-alkyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine derivatives containing metal chelating groups, a process for preparing the same, the use of the novel compounds as therapeutics for treating and/or preventing various medical dysfunctions and diseases arising from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or excess Zn ions, in particular stroke, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. The compounds of the invention possess similar or superior LPO inhibition activity to the reference compounds of Trolox and Ebselen. While showing lower toxicity, they also effectively inhibit the cerebral neuronal cell death caused by ROS and/or zinc ion, and show neuroprotective effects against ischemic neuronal degeneration.

Abstract: A high voltage DC power supplier includes: a transformer driven by a switching device, transforming an input voltage to a certain level of high voltage, and outputting the transformed high voltage; a diode and a capacitor for rectifying and smoothing the high voltage outputted from the transformer, and supplying the smoothed voltage to an ER fluid application unit; a discharge circuit for forcibly discharging the output voltage when an output voltage of the capacitor descends; and a controller for controlling a turn-on operation of the switching device on the basis of a difference value between the output voltage and a reference voltage so that the output voltage can follow a target voltage, and outputting a control signal for driving the discharge circuit to the discharge circuit when it reaches a discharge period.

Abstract: The ER fluid comprising water-soluble starch as conductive particles contains less than 5 wt % water. The ER fluid of the present invention comprises water-soluble starch as a conductive particle which is dispersed in non-conductive media. The ER fluid of the present invention exhibits a considerable ER effect, even though the amount of water contained in the ER fluid is reduced. Thus, it can be widely applicable to water-sensitive damping devices and power devices such as a suspension system, a vibration damper or an engine mount, a break, a clutch, and so forth. And it is feasible for various fields such as an automatic and an aerospace industry.

Abstract: Methods for forming a metal wiring layer in a semiconductor device using a dual damascene process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for inputting secret information by using multiple screen pointers. Specifically, the present invention relates to the method and apparatus which prevents the third party from detecting or recognizing the contents of the information directed to a certain system through the network and its input process. In accordance with the present invention, the method of inputting secret information by using multiple screen pointers comprises the displaying multiple screen pointers including at least two screen pointers each of which is identified by each of at least two identification symbols, respectively, defining a plurality of character regions each of which is corresponds to each of a plurality of characters, respectively, and receiving selection of at least two of the character regions by a user wherein the selection is performed by using the multiple screen pointers.

Abstract: A multi-layered dielectric layer wherein the adhesion characteristic of an insulating layer including a Si—CH3 bond is improved, and a method of forming the same are provided. The multi-layered dielectric layer is formed on conductive patterns and includes a first insulating layer formed of a layer having a low dielectric constant including the Si—CH3 bond. In order to improve the adhesion characteristic of the first insulating layer, an adhesion surface is formed on the surface of the first insulating layer by treating the first insulating layer with plasma. In an alternative, the adhesion characteristics of the first insulating layer is improved by forming a buffer layer on the first insulating layer so that dipole-dipole interaction occurs between the first insulating layer and the buffer layer.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a plasma display panel device and a method of fabricating the same including first and second substrates, a first electrode on the first substrate, a second electrode on the second substrate, a tape material on the second substrate including the second electrode, a plurality of third electrodes completely buried in the tape material, a plurality of barrier ribs connecting the first and second substrates formed on the second substrate, a UV-visible conversion layer on the second substrate including the second substrate between the barrier ribs, and a discharge chamber where discharge occurs between the first and second substrates, wherein the discharge chamber faces toward the second electrode through a single row of one or more capillaries formed in the tape material.

Abstract: A hermetic sealing method, which is capable of preventing oxidation of a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) and sealing the MEMS at a low temperature. A low temperature hermetic sealing method having a passivation layer includes depositing a junction layer, a wetting layer, and a solder layer on a prepared lid frame, depositing a first protection layer for preventing oxidation on the solder layer and forming a lid, preparing a package base on which a device is disposed, and in which a metal layer and a second protection layer are formed around the device, and assembling the lid and the package base, heating, and sealing them. The protection layer is laminated on the solder layer that is formed by the lid, thereby preventing oxidation without using a flux. The low temperature hermetic sealing method having a passivation layer is suitable for sealing a device, such as the MEMS, which is sensitive to heat, water and other by-products.