Abstract: Disclosed is a nonvolatile memory device and programming method of a nonvolatile memory device. The programming method of the nonvolatile memory device includes conducting a first programming operation for a memory cell, retrieving original data from the memory cell after the first programming operation, and conducting a second programming operation with reference to the original data and a second verifying voltage higher than a first verifying voltage of the first programming operation.

Abstract: A method for transmitting a traffic indication message for directing a mobile subscriber station (MSS) in a sleep mode to transition to an awake mode in a Broadband Wireless Access communication system supporting the sleep mode and the awake mode. This method includes the steps of individually allocating, to MSSs belonging to a corresponding base station, corresponding areas indicating traffic instructions for the MSSs in a traffic indication field in the traffic indication message, and indicating state transition instructions in the areas allocated to the MSSs, before transmitting the traffic indication message to the MSSs.

Abstract: A computer includes a CPU and a system unit, and further includes a power source, a system driving power generator which converts source power input from the power source to be outputted to the system unit, a CPU driving power generator which outputs driving power to drive the CPU, and a controller which selectively supplies either the source power from the power source or the system power converted from the system driving power generator to an input terminal of the CPU driving power generator according to an operation mode of the CPU. Thus, a computer adjusts a level of power supplied to a CPU driving power generator according to a CPU mode and improves power efficiency, and includes a control method thereof.

Abstract: A capacity varying type rotary compressor and a refrigeration system having the same are provided. The capacity varying type rotary compressor includes a casing that contains a certain amount of oil and maintains a discharge pressure state; a motor installed in the casing that generates a driving force; one or more cylinder assembly fixed in the casing, having a compression space that compresses a refrigerant by a rolling piston that performs an orbit motion and a vane that performs a linear motion by contacting the rolling piston, and having a vane pressure chamber formed at a rear side of the vane that implements a normal driving as the vane contacts the rolling piston or a saving driving as the vane is separated from the rolling piston; and a mode switching device that selectively supplies a suction pressure or a discharge pressure to the vane pressure chamber of the cylinder assembly according to a driving mode.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device includes a frame, an actuator formed on the same layer as the frame and connected to the frame to be capable of performing a relative motion with respect to the frame, and at least one stopper restricting a displacement of the actuator in a direction along the height of the actuator. The MEMS device is fabricated by bonding a second substrate to a first substrate, forming the frame and the actuator by partially removing the first substrate, and forming the at least one stopper by partially removing the second substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for manufacturing fine patterns of semiconductor devices using a double exposure patterning process for manufacturing the second photoresist patterns by simply exposing without an exposure mask. The method comprises the steps of: forming a first photoresist pattern on a semiconductor substrate on which a layer to be etched is formed; coating a composition for a mirror interlayer on the first photoresist pattern to form a mirror interlayer; forming a photoresist layer on the resultant; and forming a second photoresist pattern which is made by a scattered reflection of the mirror-interlayer and positioned between the first photoresist patterns, by exposing the photoresist layer to a light having energy which is lower than a threshold energy (Eth) of the photoresist layer without an exposure mask, and then developing the same.

Abstract: Disclosed is a refrigerator having an installation configuration of a freezing compartment door to be opened or closed in a semi-automatic manner. The refrigerator includes a body having a storage compartment, a door to open or close the storage compartment, and a door control device to complete an opening/closing operation of the door by providing the door with a thrust force.

Abstract: A light source and a display device having the same are provided. The light source may include light guide plates arranged in rows and columns, light emitting diodes (LEDs) positioned below the light guide plates to direct light toward lateral surfaces of the light guide plates, and module substrates that support and provide power to the LEDs. Each of the light guide plates may include a first region divided into a plurality of second regions. LEDs corresponding to each of the second regions may be operated as a unit and independently from other regions.

Abstract: Provided is a field emission device (FED) capable of fine local dimming. In the FED, a cathode substrate is comprised of a plurality of cathode layers, and a plurality of interconnections are disposed on each of the cathode layers, so that fine local dimming is enabled using a plurality of cathode blocks without limiting the number of the cathode blocks. Also, since RC delays of the respective cathode blocks can be synchronized according to the design of the interconnections, current control signals can be simultaneously transmitted to the respective cathode blocks, thereby improving the characteristics of the FED.

Abstract: A method and system for improving a call drop caused by a Radio Link Failure (RLF) before handover triggering in a mobile communication system are provided. The method of improving the call drop caused by the RLF in the mobile communication system includes detecting an RLF occurring before handover triggering (RLF_before_HO), generating one of an RLF_before_HO-dependent statistics and an RLF_before_HO-dependent log file, transmitting the one of the RLF_before_HO-dependent statistics and the RLF_before_HO-dependent log file to a serving Base Station (BS), and updating a Neighbor Relation Table (NRT) and optimizing a handover parameter using the one of the RLF_before_HO-dependent statistics and the RLF_before_HO-dependent log file.

Abstract: Methods of forming a resistive memory device include forming an insulation layer on a semiconductor substrate including a conductive pattern, forming a contact hole in the insulation layer to expose the conductive pattern, forming a lower electrode in the contact hole, forming a variable resistive oxide layer in the contact hole on the lower electrode, forming a middle electrode in the contact hole on the variable resistive oxide layer, forming a buffer oxide layer on the middle electrode and the insulation layer, and forming an upper electrode on the buffer oxide layer. Related resistive memory devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: Provided are a method of coating a catalyst metal layer by using a nucleic acid, and a method of forming nanocarbon using the method of coating a catalyst metal layer. The method of coating a catalyst metal layer includes preparing an aqueous solution; the aqueous solution including ions of a transition metal and a nucleic acid; disposing a carbon matrix including carbon, in the aqueous solution, and disposing a catalyst metal layer including a transition metal on a surface of the carbon matrix.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an RFID (Radio frequency identification) antenna system and control method of the same, wherein the system includes a first antenna group including a plurality of first antennas, a second antenna group including a plurality of second antennas, a reader transmitting a transmission-only command to the first antenna group so that the first antenna group functions as a transmission-only antenna transmitting information request data to an RFID tag, and receiving object data included in the tag transmitted in opposition to the information request data through the second antenna group, and a data processing server receiving a plurality of object data transmitted to the reader via the plurality of second antenna for use in data processing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling a sleep mode operation of a Mobile Station (MS) in a communication system, in which the sleep mode operates according to a sleep cycle including a listening window corresponding to an awake mode and a sleep window corresponding to a sleep state. The method includes starting a preset timer if there is a transmission of data between the MS and a Base Station (BS) during the listening window, restarting the timer upon receiving at least one of UpLink (UL) data, DownLink (DL) data and MAP Information Element (IE) indicating resource allocation from the BS during the listening window, maintaining the listening window until the timer expires, and transitioning to the sleep window if the timer expires.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for analyzing the prevention and treatment efficacy of a dendritic cell-derived immunotherapeutic for liver cancer using an animal model carrying tumors expressing a human liver cancer-specific antigen, which comprises the steps of: (a) (a1) administering to a normal animal other than human dendritic cells to be analyzed, or (a1) administering to a normal animal other than human a cancer cell line expressing the human liver cancer-specific antigen to induce cancer in the normal animal; (b) (b1) administering to the animal the cancer cell line expressing the human liver cancer-specific antigen to induce cancer in the animal when the step (a1) is performed in the step (a), or (b1) administering to the animal with cancer dendritic cells to be analyzed when the step (a1) is performed in the step (a); and (c) determining the prevention and treatment efficacy of the dendritic cells as immunotherapeutics for liver cancer by measuring the formation or growth of cancer cells o

Abstract: Disclosed is a large capacity hollow-type flywheel energy storage device. The energy storage device includes a hollow shaft, a vacuum chamber receiving the hollow shaft, a flywheel having a predetermined weight and disposed at an inner edge of the vacuum chamber, and a hub connecting the flywheel to the hollow shaft and disposed in the vacuum chamber to be rotatable together with the flywheel. A superconductive bearing and an electromagnet bearing are disposed inside and outside the hollow shaft, respectively, such that magnetic forces thereof can be shielded from each other. Thus, magnetic interference between the superconductive bearing and the electromagnet bearing is shielded by the magnet shield interposed therebetween, thereby preventing rotation loss by stabilizing a structural mechanism during rotation while improving design adaptability.

Abstract: Devices, solar cell structures, and methods of fabrication thereof, are disclosed. Briefly described, one exemplary embodiment of the device, among others, includes: a co-fired p-type silicon substrate, wherein the bulk lifetime is about 20 to 125 ?s; an n+ layer formed on the top-side of the p-silicon substrate; a silicon nitride anti-reflective (AR) layer positioned on the top-side of the n+ layer; a plurality of Ag contacts positioned on portions of the silicon nitride AR layer, wherein the Ag contacts are in electronic communication with the n+-type emitter layer; an uniform Al back-surface field (BSF or p+) layer positioned on the back-side of the p-silicon substrate on the opposite side of the p-type silicon substrate as the n+ layer; and an Al contact layer positioned on the back-side of the Al BSF layer. The device has a fill factor (FF) of about 0.75 to 0.85, an open circuit voltage (VOC) of about 600 to 650 mV, and a short circuit current (JSC) of about 28 to 36 mA/cm2.