Abstract: A method for replicating a holographic optical element and a holographic optical element replicated thereby are provided. The holographic optical element is larger than a master. The master has a holographic grating pattern generated on the master by interference of the reflected, diffracted or transmitted beam generated by irradiating the master having a specific diffraction grating pattern formed thereon with a laser beam.

Abstract: Provided are an ammonia decomposition catalyst and a method of decomposing ammonia. The ammonia decomposition catalyst includes an activated carbon carrier and a metal loaded on the carrier, wherein a Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) specific surface area of the carrier is about 850 m2/g or more, and the metal includes cerium (Ce).

Abstract: Provided are an ammonia decomposition catalyst and a method of decomposing ammonia. The ammonia decomposition catalyst includes an activated carbon carrier and a metal loaded on the carrier, wherein a Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) specific surface area of the carrier is about 850 m2/g or more, and the metal includes cerium (Ce).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a haptic feedback system and, specifically, to a device and method for controlling an actuator for haptic feedback, the method comprising: an actuator resonance frequency correction driving step of driving an actuator by repeatedly generating and outputting a drive signal including a driving time interval in which driving voltage is applied to the actuator and a guard time interval in which a back electromotive force (BEMF) signal of the actuator is detected, while correcting the length of the driving time interval according to detection time of a zero cross point of the BEMF signal detected within the guard time interval; and an actuator braking step of outputting at least one brake signal in synchronization with a zero cross point of the BEMF signal detected within the guard time interval, in order to remove residual vibration of the actuator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate processing apparatus that includes an interference member for minimizing a collision between a descending flow of gas supplied by a fan unit and a gas flow directed toward a transfer space from the inside of a container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a substrate processing apparatus that includes an interference member for minimizing a collision between a descending flow of gas supplied by a fan unit and a gas flow directed toward a transfer space from the inside of a container.

Abstract: An acousto-optic device capable of increasing a range of a diffraction angle of output light by using a nanostructured acousto-optic medium, and an optical scanner, an optical modulator, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) conversion stereoscopic image display apparatus, and a holographic display apparatus using the acousto-optic device. The acousto-optic device may include a nanostructured acousto-optic medium formed by at least two different mediums repeatedly alternating with each other, wherein at least one of the at least two different mediums includes an acousto-optic medium. The acousto-optic device having the aforementioned structure may increase the range of a diffraction angle of output light.

Abstract: A multi-level synaptic weight device having a 3D vertical cross-point structure according to an embodiment includes a multi-level conductance structure configured to couple any one of multiple word lines to any one of multiple bit lines. The conductance structure may include a multiplexer, configured to include multiple selector switches coupled in parallel to the word line and to select any one of the multiple parallel-coupled selector switches in response to an externally applied selection signal; a fixed resistor block including multiple fixed resistors coupled to the bit line; a cross-point block configured such that the multiple selector switches in the multiplexer and the multiple fixed resistors in the fixed resistor block intersect in a matrix form so as to be coupled to each other and each of the selector switches in the multiplexer has a unique number of cross-points; and a conductive plate on the fixed resistor block.

Abstract: A multi-level synaptic weight device having a 3D vertical cross-point structure according to an embodiment includes a multi-level conductance structure configured to couple any one of multiple word lines to any one of multiple bit lines. The conductance structure may include a multiplexer, configured to include multiple selector switches coupled in parallel to the word line and to select any one of the multiple parallel-coupled selector switches in response to an externally applied selection signal; a fixed resistor block including multiple fixed resistors coupled to the bit line; a cross-point block configured such that the multiple selector switches in the multiplexer and the multiple fixed resistors in the fixed resistor block intersect in a matrix form so as to be coupled to each other and each of the selector switches in the multiplexer has a unique number of cross-points; and a conductive plate on the fixed resistor block.

Abstract: According to example embodiments, a graphene device includes a first electrode, a first insulation layer on the first electrode, an information storage layer on the first insulation layer, a second insulation layer on the information storage layer, a graphene layer on the second insulation layer, a third insulation layer on a first region of the graphene layer, a second electrode on the third insulation layer, and a third electrode on a second region of the graphene layer.

Abstract: An acousto-optic device capable of increasing a range of a diffraction angle of output light by using a nanostructured acousto-optic medium, and an optical scanner, an optical modulator, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) conversion stereoscopic image display apparatus, and a holographic display apparatus using the acousto-optic device. The acousto-optic device may include a nanostructured acousto-optic medium formed by at least two different mediums repeatedly alternating with each other, wherein at least one of the at least two different mediums includes an acousto-optic medium. The acousto-optic device having the aforementioned structure may increase the range of a diffraction angle of output light.

Abstract: An acousto-optic device capable of increasing a range of a diffraction angle of output light by using a nanostructured acousto-optic medium, and an optical scanner, an optical modulator, a two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) conversion stereoscopic image display apparatus, and a holographic display apparatus using the acousto-optic device. The acousto-optic device may include a nanostructured acousto-optic medium formed by at least two different mediums repeatedly alternating with each other, wherein at least one of the at least two different mediums includes an acousto-optic medium. The acousto-optic device having the aforementioned structure may increase the range of a diffraction angle of output light.

Abstract: Provided are nonvolatile memory transistors and devices including the nonvolatile memory transistors. A nonvolatile memory transistor may include a channel element, a gate electrode corresponding to the channel element, a gate insulation layer between the channel element and the gate electrode, an ionic species moving layer between the gate insulation layer and the gate electrode, and a source and a drain separated from each other with respect to the channel element. A motion of an ionic species at the ionic species moving layer occurs according to a voltage applied to the gate electrode. A threshold voltage changes according to the motion of the ionic species. The nonvolatile memory transistor has a multi-level characteristic.

Abstract: A color optical pen includes a tip unit, a pen body unit attached to the tip unit; a pressure sensor that is disposed in the tip unit and configured to sense at least contact between a display unit of a terminal device and the tip unit; a light source that is disposed in the pen body unit and is configured to output light through the tip unit, if the pressure sensor senses the contact; a color selection switch that is disposed on the pen body, the color selection switch configured to select a color in response to operation by a user; and a driver configured to drive the light source at a frequency or pattern based on operation of the color selection switch.

Abstract: Provided are nonvolatile memory transistors and devices including the nonvolatile memory transistors. A nonvolatile memory transistor may include a channel element, a gate electrode corresponding to the channel element, a gate insulation layer between the channel element and the gate electrode, an ionic species moving layer between the gate insulation layer and the gate electrode, and a source and a drain separated from each other with respect to the channel element. A motion of an ionic species at the ionic species moving layer occurs according to a voltage applied to the gate electrode. A threshold voltage changes according to the motion of the ionic species. The nonvolatile memory transistor has a multi-level characteristic.

Abstract: A graphene device and an electronic apparatus including the same are provided. According to example embodiments, the graphene device includes a transistor including a source, a gate, and a drain, an active layer through which carriers move, and a graphene layer between the gate and the active layer. The graphene layer may be configured to function both as an electrode of the active layer and a channel layer of the transistor.

Abstract: A graphene device including separated junction contacts and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The graphene device is a field effect transistor (FET) in which graphene is used as a channel. A source electrode and a drain electrode do not directly contact the graphene channel, and junction contacts formed by doping semiconductor are separately disposed between the graphene channel and the source electrode and between the graphene channel and the drain electrode. Therefore, in an off state where a voltage is not applied to a gate electrode, due to a barrier between the graphene channel and the junction contacts, carriers may not move. As a result, the graphene device may have low current in the off state.

Abstract: Provided are a storage medium, which has a security function, for storing media content and an output apparatus for outputting data stored in the storage medium. The storage medium includes a controller for converting at least one of a position of pins of a connector and a storage position of media content in a memory unit in order to control transmission of the media content in the memory unit to the output apparatus.

Abstract: An optical film manufacturing method includes forming a master in which a shape corresponding to a plurality of micro-lens patterns is engraved, forming a low refractive index pattern layer in which the plurality of micro-lens patterns are formed, by using the master, forming a high refractive index material layer that has a higher refractive index than a refractive index of the low refractive index pattern layer, and imprinting the low refractive index pattern layer on the high refractive index material layer to form a high refractive index pattern layer, on a first surface of a substrate.

Abstract: A graphene device including separated junction contacts and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The graphene device is a field effect transistor (FET) in which graphene is used as a channel. A source electrode and a drain electrode do not directly contact the graphene channel, and junction contacts formed by doping semiconductor are separately disposed between the graphene channel and the source electrode and between the graphene channel and the drain electrode. Therefore, in an off state where a voltage is not applied to a gate electrode, due to a barrier between the graphene channel and the junction contacts, carriers may not move. As a result, the graphene device may have low current in the off state.