Abstract: A controller controls an operation of a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory blocks. The controller includes a temperature sensing unit, a period storage unit, and a command generating unit. The temperature sensing unit generates temperature information by sensing a temperature of the semiconductor memory device. The period storage unit updates an output period of a dummy read command that allows the semiconductor memory device to perform a dummy read operation, based on the temperature information. The command generating unit generates the dummy read command, based on the output period.

Abstract: A controller controls an operation of a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory blocks. The controller includes a temperature sensing unit, a period storage unit, and a command generating unit. The temperature sensing unit generates temperature information by sensing a temperature of the semiconductor memory device. The period storage unit updates an output period of a dummy read command that allows the semiconductor memory device to perform a dummy read operation, based on the temperature information. The command generating unit generates the dummy read command, based on the output period.

Abstract: The present invention provides a washing product comprising two or more sheets, which comprise a water-soluble polymer and have different dissolution rates in water, wherein each sheet contains i) washing detergent components, ii) washing softening components, iii) an aromatic agent, or iv) two or more thereof. Since two or more sheets have the different dissolution rates, in the present invention, the discharge time of the washing components contained in the sheets can be controlled, thereby having an excellent washing effect.

Abstract: A method for preparing emergency braking of a vehicle including receiving information regarding a traveling route of the vehicle or a road and nearby information, by a controller; checking, based on the received information, whether a current traveling section is a section in which predetermined deceleration information exists; setting a braking pressure to a predetermined level 1 (LV1) preparation state, in the case where a current traveling section is a section in which predetermined deceleration information exists; detecting at least one pedestrian-related information around the road by processing an image photographed using a camera, by the controller; and calculating a risk of collision with a pedestrian in a predetermined scheme by the controller when the pedestrian-related information is checked, and setting a braking pressure to a predetermined level 2 (LV2) preparation state in the case where the risk of collision is greater than a preset reference.

Abstract: Provided herein are a memory system and method of operating the memory system, which have improved reliability. A method of operating a controller for controlling a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory blocks, the method comprising generating a program command and a program address for performing a program operation on at least one page included in an open block, among the plurality of memory blocks, reading data from the at least one page corresponding to the program address and transmitting the program command and the program address to the semiconductor memory device when the number of fail bits included in data read from the at least one page is equal to or less than a first reference value.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a power semiconductor device includes forming a drift region in a substrate, forming a trench in the drift region, forming a gate insulating layer in the trench, depositing a conductive material on the substrate, forming a gate electrode in the trench, forming a body region in the substrate, forming a highly doped source region in the body region, forming an insulating layer that covers the gate electrode, etching the insulating layer to open the body region, implanting a dopant into a portion of the body region to form a highly doped body contact region, so that the highly doped source region and the highly doped body contact region are alternately formed in the body region; and forming a source electrode on the highly doped body contact region and the highly doped source region.

Abstract: Provided herein are a memory system and method of operating the memory system, which have improved reliability. A method of operating a controller for controlling a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory blocks, the method comprising generating a program command and a program address for performing a program operation on at least one page included in an open block, among the plurality of memory blocks, reading data from the at least one page corresponding to the program address and transmitting the program command and the program address to the semiconductor memory device when the number of fail bits included in data read from the at least one page is equal to or less than a first reference value.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor memory device and an operating method thereof. A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory blocks, a peripheral circuit: suitable for performing an erase operation and a program operation to the memory cell array, and a control logic suitable for controlling the peripheral circuit to erase all of the plurality of memory blocks and then to program the plurality of memory blocks with dummy data during the erase operation.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a memory system and an operating method thereof. A memory system may include a semiconductor memory device including a cam block and a normal memory block, and a controller suitable for setting an initial setting read voltage according to an option parameter stored in the cam block and controlling the semiconductor memory device to perform a first read operation to the normal memory block according to the initial setting read voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a semiconductor memory device and an operating method thereof. A semiconductor memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of memory blocks, a peripheral circuit: suitable for performing an erase operation and a program operation to the memory cell array, and a control logic suitable for controlling the peripheral circuit to erase all of the plurality of memory blocks and then to program the plurality of memory blocks with dummy data during the erase operation.

Abstract: A NAND flash memory device includes a semiconductor substrate having a drain select transistor; a source select transistor, and memory cell transistors connected in series between the drain select transistor and the source select transistor, and an oxide film formed in the semiconductor substrate at each of a first side and a second side of a gate of the source select transistor. A method of manufacturing a NAND flash memory device includes providing the semiconductor substrate and forming the oxide film in the semiconductor substrate at each of the first side and the second side of the gate of the source select transistor.

Abstract: A temporary implant connection structure is used for a predetermined time in order to temporarily support a removable prosthesis for a healing period after a metal fixture is implanted into the jawbone when a tooth is damaged or missing, and thereby permanently serves as a dental root. The temporary implant connection structure includes a metal fixture, which has a threaded part, a long groove formed at the threaded part in a longitudinal direction, and a tapered head provided with a fitted part, and an abutment, which has a fitting recess press-fitted into the fitted part of the metal fixture using frictional force.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for descrambling transport stream (TS) data, the descrambling apparatus including: a TS packet input unit for determining from the value of a header of TS packet data whether the TS packet data are scrambled, and outputting determination results and the TS packet data; a descramble controller for applying a control signal to the TS packet input unit for the TS packet input unit to read the TS packet data, and outputting a scramble determination signal of a corresponding state based on the determination results; and a descrambler for determining from the state of the scramble determination signal whether the TS packet data from the TS packet input unit are scrambled, and determining whether to descramble the TS packet data.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for controlling a washing/drying system including a washing machine and a dryer used in one pair. Since the washing machine can communicate with the dryer according to a wireless communication regulation, the dryer can operate more conveniently. According to the apparatus and method, convenience in using the washing machine and the dryer together is further enhanced.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for controlling a washing/drying system including a washing machine and a dryer used in one pair. Since the washing machine can communicate with the dryer according to a wireless communication regulation, the dryer can operate more conveniently. According to the apparatus and method, convenience in using the washing machine and the dryer together is further enhanced.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for controlling a washing/drying system including a washing machine and a dryer used in one pair. Since the washing machine can communicate with the dryer according to a wireless communication regulation, the dryer can operate more conveniently. According to the apparatus and method, convenience in using the washing machine and the dryer together is further enhanced.

Abstract: A condenser of a condensing-type dryer is provided. In the condensing-type dryer, a hydrophilic film is formed on a heat emission plate by a plasma discharge. In the heat emission plate, an indoor air can be heat exchanged with a circulation air cycling in a drum. A contact angle of a condensed waterdrop formed on the heat emission plate is decreased through the hydrophilic film, thereby making it possible to decrease a flow resistance due to the condensed waterdrop.

Abstract: Disclosed are a lithium secondary battery comprising a fibrous membrane/electrode composite in which an ultra-fine fibrous porous polymer membrane is combined with an electrode into one body and a hybrid type polymer electrolyte in which pores of the ultra-fine fibrous porous polymer membrane is impregnated with an organic electrolyte solution or a polymer electrolyte; and a fabrication method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for detecting a data rate in a turbo decoder for a mobile communication system. When a rate selector selects one data rate among a plurality of data rates, a turbo decoder repeatedly decodes an input data frame within a predetermined repetition limit number using the selected data rate and outputs the decoded data. A CRC detector performs CRC check on the decoded data and outputs the CRC check result, and a decoding state measurer measures decoding quality depending on the decoded data and outputs decoding state information. A controller then sets the repetition limit number to a predetermined minimum value, controls the repetition limit number according to the decoding state information, controls the rate selector and determines a data rate of the input data depending on the CRC check result.

Abstract: An announcement broadcasting apparatus in a Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), comprising a message storage unit for storing a plurality of external announcement messages therein, a message sending/receiving interface responsive to an announcement message sending request from a higher-order processor for reading parallel data from the message storage unit, converting the read parallel data into serial data and outputting the converted serial data, a unique message information storage unit for storing information about locations and sizes of the announcement messages stored in the message storage unit and outputting the stored information about the location and size of a corresponding one of the announcement messages in response to the announcement message sending request from the higher-order processor, and a controller responsive to the announcement message sending request from the higher-order processor for detecting information about a location and size of each phoneme of the corresponding a