Abstract: A thin film transistor substrate and a display apparatus including the same includes a substrate; an active layer and a gate electrode on the substrate, the active layer and gate electrode being spaced apart from each other vertically; a gate insulating film including a first gate insulating film and a second gate insulating film provided between the active layer and the gate electrode; and a source electrode and a drain electrode, each of the source electrode and the drain electrode connected to the active layer. The first gate insulating film is provided closer to the gate electrode than the second gate insulating film, a dielectric constant of the first gate insulating film is higher than a dielectric constant of the second gate insulating film, and a hydrogen content of the first gate insulating film is lower than a hydrogen content of the second gate insulating film.

Abstract: A sensor device including: first sensors; second sensors configured to form capacitances with the first sensors; a sensor transmitter connected to the first sensors and configured to supply driving signals having a first frequency to the first sensors; and a sensor receiver connected to the second sensors and configured to receive sensing signals from the second sensors, wherein the sensor receiver includes: a multipath filter having a center frequency set to the first frequency; and a first chopper integrator connected to the multipath filter, and having a center frequency set to the first frequency.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device is provided. The method may include forming a stack, forming a preliminary stepped structure by patterning the stack, forming a first stepped structure, a second stepped structure, and an opening located between the first stepped structure and the second stepped structure by etching the preliminary stepped structure, forming a passivation layer that fills the opening and covers the first stepped structure, and forming a third stepped structure by etching the second stepped structure using the passivation layer as an etching barrier.

Abstract: Pancreatic cancer organoids prepared by a method of the present invention sufficiently reflect the interaction between cancer cells and endothelial cells, that is, cross-talk with the vascular niche, and thus they can show the characteristics of cancer-initiating cells (CICs) present in the organism environment, compared to conventional cancer organoids. Accordingly, the clinical applicability and reliability of the screened drug may be further remarkably increased.

Abstract: An analog front-end includes a (1-1)-th charge amplifier configured to differentially amplify a first and second sensing signals provided to a (1-1)-th input terminal and a (1-2)-th input terminal, respectively, and output a (1-1)-th differential signal. A (1-2)-th charge amplifier is configured to differentially amplify the second sensing signal and a third sensing signal provided to a (1-3)-th input terminal and a (1-4)-th input terminal, respectively, and output a (1-2)-th differential signal. A second charge amplifier is configured to differentially amplify the (1-1)-th differential signal and the (1-2)-th differential signal provided to a (2-1)-th input terminal and a (2-2)-th input terminal, respectively, and output a (2-1)-th differential signal and a (2-2)-th differential signal. A demodulation circuit is configured to filter the (2-1)-th differential signal and the (2-2)-th differential signal and output demodulated differential signals.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a substrate including a cell area and a peripheral area defined by a periphery of the cell area, the cell area including a dummy cell area and a normal cell area, and an active area defined by a cell element isolation film. The device includes a cell area separation film defining the cell area in the substrate, the dummy cell area defining a boundary with the cell area separation film between the normal cell area and the cell area separation film. The device includes a normal bit-line on the normal cell area and extending in a first direction, a dummy bit-line group on the dummy cell area, the dummy bit-line group including a plurality of dummy bit-lines extending in the first direction, and a plurality of storage contacts connected to the active area and located along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a microorganism expressing active D-proline reductase.

Abstract: An extreme ultra-violet (EUV) lithography process includes lithographically patterning first through fourth photoresist regions on respective first through fourth regions of a semiconductor substrate, in sequence, using a mask. This mask includes a main area in which a main pattern is defined, a first dummy area in which a first dummy pattern is defined, a second dummy area in which a plurality of second sub-dummy patterns are defined at corresponding corners of the mask, and an alignment area including an alignment pattern therein that is spaced farther from a center of the main area relative to the first and second dummy areas. During the lithographically patterning, at least part of the alignment area on the first region of the substrate is exposed at least three times to EUV light, using the mask.

Abstract: Proposed is a filter fixing module mounted to a handpiece cooling device having a connecting unit such that a refrigerant supply unit is coupled thereto, the filter fixing module including a body having a support surface formed in a plate shape, and a receiving surface formed on an edge of the support surface and protruding in a first direction relative to the support surface so as to prevent removal of a filter received in the support surface, and a grip unit connected to the body, wherein the grip unit comprises a first grip member and a second grip member extending in directions opposite to the protruding direction of the receiving surface relative to the body.

Abstract: A gas-detecting apparatus includes a pump module connected to a first input and a second input to intake air, a sensor module including at least one unit sensor configured to output a sensing signal in response to gas present in the air, and a control module configured to detect the gas using the sensing signal. The control module controls the pump module to intake second air by opening the second input when gas is detected in first air introduced through the first input, and determines that gas is detected when a concentration of gas detected in the second air is lower than a concentration of gas detected in the first air.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-beam laser debonding apparatus for debonding an electronic component from a substrate, the apparatus including: a first laser module to emit a first laser beam to a predetermined range of a first substrate area including attachment positions of a debonding target electronic component and a neighboring electronic component to thereby heat a solder of the electronic components to reach a predetermined pre-heat temperature; and a second laser module to emit a second laser beam overlapping the first laser beam to a second substrate area smaller than the first substrate area, the second substrate area including the attachment position of the debonding target electronic component to thereby heat the solder of the debonding target electronic component to reach a debonding temperature at which the solder commences melting.

Abstract: A 3D display apparatus in which a display panel has a curvature is provided. A lower barrier layer, an upper barrier layer and lenticular lenses may be sequentially stacked on the display panel. The lower barrier layer and the upper barrier layer may include openings corresponding pixel areas of the display panel, respectively. Each opening of the lower barrier layer and each opening of the upper barrier layer may be disposed on an imaginary line passing through the corresponding pixel area of the display panel and a setting region. Thus, in the 3D display apparatus, the quality of the realized 3D image may be improved.

Abstract: A light field display device including: a display panel including a plurality of subpixels each emitting a light field; and a lenticular lens array on the display panel and including a plurality of lenticular lenses, wherein the plurality of lenticular lenses correspond to a plurality of subpixel groups each including the plurality of subpixels, and wherein a width of each of the plurality of subpixel groups is greater than a width of each of the plurality of lenticular lenses.

Abstract: An apparatus for an artificial intelligence neural network based on co-evolving neural ordinary differential equations (NODEs) includes a main NODE module configured to provide a downstream machine learning task; and an attention NODE module configured to receive the downstream machine learning task and provide attention to the main NODE module, in which the main NODE module and the attention NODE module may influence each other over time so that the main NODE module outputs a multivariate time-series value at a given time for an input sample x.

Abstract: A neural ODE-based conditional tabular generative adversarial network apparatus includes: a tabular data preprocessing unit for preprocessing tabular data composed of a discrete column and a continuous column; a Neural Ordinary Differential Equation (NODE)-based generation unit for generating a fake sample by reading a condition vector and a noisy vector generated based on the preprocessed tabular data; and a NODE-based discrimination unit for receiving a sample composed of a real sample or the fake sample of the preprocessed tabular data and performing continuous trajectory-based classification.

Abstract: Proposed is a filter fixing module mounted to a handpiece cooling device having a connecting unit such that a refrigerant supply unit is coupled thereto, the filter fixing module including a body having a support surface formed in a plate shape, and a receiving surface formed on an edge of the support surface and protruding in a first direction relative to the support surface so as to prevent removal of a filter received in the support surface, and a grip unit connected to the body, wherein the grip unit comprises a first grip member and a second grip member extending in directions opposite to the protruding direction of the receiving surface relative to the body.

Abstract: A collaborative filtering recommending apparatus includes an initial-embedding generation module configured to generate first and second initial embeddings; a dual co-evolving ordinary differential equation module comprising first and second ordinary differential equation processing members which repeat, for a specific time, a process of receiving first and second previous embeddings, respectively, and outputting first and second subsequent embeddings, respectively, through mutual influence as a learning time elapses, the first and second previous embeddings initially corresponding to the first and second initial embeddings, respectively; and a final-embedding generation module configured to generate a first final embedding by cumulative summing the first previous and subsequent embeddings, and to generate a second final embedding by cumulative summing the second previous and subsequent embeddings.

Abstract: The present specification discloses a composition for external application to skin, containing a tea plant root extract as an active ingredient, for treatment of skin damage caused by fine dust, whereby the expression level of one or more selected from a group consisting of IL-36G (NM_019618), S100A7 (NM_002963), S100A8 (NM_002964) and XDH (NM_000379), which are genes in skin cells the expression level of which is affected by fine dust, is regulated to a normal level.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor layer is provided. The method for manufacturing a semiconductor layer may include preparing a substrate, and conducting a first unit process of reacting a first precursor including indium (In) and a first reaction source and a second unit process of reacting a second precursor including gallium (Ga) and a second reaction source to form a semiconductor layer including the indium and the gallium on the substrate.