Abstract: Provided is an encoding apparatus for integrally encoding and decoding a speech signal and a audio signal, and may include: an input signal analyzer to analyze a characteristic of an input signal; a stereo encoder to down mix the input signal to a mono signal when the input signal is a stereo signal, and to extract stereo sound image information; a frequency band expander to expand a frequency band of the input signal; a sampling rate converter to convert a sampling rate; a speech signal encoder to encode the input signal using a speech encoding module when the input signal is a speech characteristics signal; a audio signal encoder to encode the input signal using a audio encoding module when the input signal is a audio characteristic signal; and a bitstream generator to generate a bitstream.

Abstract: A method of transferring vehicle communication content. The apparatus includes a surrounding-environment detection unit configured to detect a surrounding-environment information of a vehicle, a communication content transfer unit provided on at least one of a front side, a rear side, and a lateral side of the vehicle and configured to output sound or light; and a controller configured to recognize an object on the basis of the surrounding-environment information of the vehicle, to rotate the communication content transfer unit in a direction toward the object, depending on whether or not communication content needs to be transferred to the recognized object, and to output the communication content containing warning information or guide information through the communication content transfer unit.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a device and method for providing skin information based on the skin microbiome. The device for providing skin information includes a communication unit forming a network connection with an external device, a user interface unit, a processor, and a memory storing instructions executable by the processor, wherein the processor is configured to, by executing the instructions, obtain survey information related to a user's skin condition and, based on the survey information, select the user's skin type, analyze the user's skin microbiome distribution, or provide information about the user's skin.

Abstract: Disclosed are an improved guide device capable of being easily replaced for damage, and a detector having the same. The guide device includes a first plate configured to have a plurality of grooves disposed in one surface thereof; and a second plate configured to be in contact with the first plate, wherein the second plate is in contact with the first plate to separate a plurality of channels, wherein the first plate is configured so that the plurality of microdroplets pass through any one of the plurality of channels, the fluid passes through channels facing each other among the plurality of flow channels, and the microdroplets are regularly spaced apart by the fluid that is discharged from the channels facing each other.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel, the pixel includes at least one light emitting element including a first end and a second end; a first electrode overlapping the at least one light emitting element and electrically connected to the first end of the at least one light emitting element; and a second electrode overlapping the at least one light emitting element and the first electrode and electrically connected to the second end of the at least one light emitting element, and the first electrode includes area electrodes divided according to a number and a position of area electrodes overlapping the at least one light emitting element.

Abstract: An optical apparatus includes a lens including a first surface and a plurality of side surfaces, a display device disposed on a first side surface among the plurality of side surfaces of the lens and providing light to the first side surface of the lens, an optical path control device disposed between the first side surface of the lens and the display device and selectively changing an optical path of a virtual image of the display device, and a plurality of reflecting members disposed in the lens and reflecting light of the display device to the first surface.

Abstract: According to embodiments of the disclosure, a DC-DC converter includes a voltage generator configured to generate an output voltage by converting an input voltage, a first mode driver configured to generate a first switching signal to drive the voltage generator in a first mode, a second mode driver configured to generate a second switching signal to drive the voltage generator in a second mode, a third mode driver configured to generate a third switching signal to drive the voltage generator in a third mode, and a mode controller configured to determine an output load of the voltage generator using the first switching signal, the second switching signal, and the third switching signal, and supply one of the first switching signal, the second switching signal, and the third switching signal to the voltage generator according to the output load.

Abstract: A cap is configured to couple to a nozzle of a dish washer that is configured to supply air into a tub of the dish washer. The cap includes a lower cap configured to couple to an upper end portion of the nozzle, a flow cover configured to cover a part of the upper end portion of the nozzle, and an upper cap coupled to the lower cap and configured to, based on the cap being coupled to the nozzle, be spaced apart from and positioned above the nozzle and the flow cover. The cap defines a discharge opening configured to discharge air supplied to an inner space of the cap through the nozzle.

Abstract: A display device includes a pixel electrode disposed on a substrate and including a reflective electrode layer and an upper electrode layer, a contact electrode disposed on the pixel electrode, light-emitting elements disposed on the contact electrode and disposed perpendicular to the pixel electrode, a planarization layer disposed on the pixel electrode, the planarization layer filling a space between the light-emitting elements, and a common electrode disposed on the planarization layer and the light-emitting elements, and a size of the contact electrode is equal to a size of each of the light-emitting elements in a plan view, and the upper electrode layer is disposed on the reflective electrode layer and is in a polycrystalline phase.

Abstract: Provided is a method of training a prediction model, the method including obtaining molecular descriptors of molecules based on a molecular database, pre-training a pre-training neural network based on the molecular descriptors, and adjusting the pre-training neural network such that the pre-training neural network matches a target task, by applying a training data set labeled corresponding to the target task to the pre-trained pre-training neural network.

Abstract: Proposed is a position measuring device configured to measure a position (distance) by combining a TWR positioning method and a PDOA positioning method. The proposed position measuring device: outputs positioning signals at set time intervals; receives response signals for the positioning signals; measures the distance between a plurality of diversity antennas and an object on the basis of the respective positioning signals and response signals transmitted and received by the diversity antennas; and measures the distance to the object on the basis of the measurement values of the distances between the plurality of diversity antennas and the object.

Abstract: A method for refining waste plastic pyrolysis oil is provided, including: applying a voltage to a first mixed solution obtained by mixing waste plastic pyrolysis oil, washing water, and a demulsifier to dehydrate the first mixed solution to form a dehydrated first mixed solution; and hydrotreating a second mixed solution obtained by mixing the dehydrated first mixed solution dehydrated and a sulfur source to produce refined oil from which impurities have been removed, and a device related thereto. The method and device may prevent or minimize formation of an ammonium salt (NH4Cl) and/or prevent adhesion of impurity particles in a refining process of waste plastic pyrolysis oil containing impurities such as chlorine and nitrogen, and provides waste plastic pyrolysis oil having low content of impurities and olefins and excellent quality, and thus, may be used as a feedstock for blending with existing petroleum products or oil refining and petrochemical processes.

Abstract: A silica sol, a silica aerogel blanket using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same, wherein a hydrophobizing agent, a base catalyst, an organic solvent, and water are included in a catalyst composition when manufacturing the silica aerogel blanket, so that a wet aging step which is performed under high-temperature conditions and increases the amount of a solvent used, surface modification step which uses a large amount of an organic solvent and an expensive surface modifier, resulting in a process that is complex and long and thus inhibiting economic feasibility and productivity, can be omitted.

Abstract: A super-steep switching device is provided. The super-steep switching device may include a substrate, a semiconductor channel on the substrate, a source electrode and a drain electrode, which are disposed on the semiconductor channel and spaced apart from each other, a gate electrode overlapping a portion of the semiconductor channel and not overlapping a remaining portion of the semiconductor channel, and an insulating layer disposed between the gate electrode and the semiconductor channel and covering an entire surface of the semiconductor channel.

Abstract: A battery module includes a cell stack including a plurality of battery cells, and a module frame accommodating the cell stack, a bottom part of the module frame includes a first area, a second area, and a third area in which respective thermally conductive resin layers are formed, and the thermally conductive resin layers of the first area and the second area are each thicker than the thermally conductive resin layer of the third area.

Abstract: Provided is an encoding apparatus for integrally encoding and decoding a speech signal and a audio signal, and may include: an input signal analyzer to analyze a characteristic of an input signal; a stereo encoder to down mix the input signal to a mono signal when the input signal is a stereo signal, and to extract stereo sound image information; a frequency band expander to expand a frequency band of the input signal; a sampling rate converter to convert a sampling rate; a speech signal encoder to encode the input signal using a speech encoding module when the input signal is a speech characteristics signal; a audio signal encoder to encode the input signal using a audio encoding module when the input signal is a audio characteristic signal; and a bitstream generator to generate a bitstream.

Abstract: Provided is an ultrathick steel material for a flange having excellent strength and low temperature impact toughness, and a manufacturing method therefor. The steel material of the present disclosure comprises, in weight %, C: 0.05-0.2%, Si: 0.05-0.5%, Mn: 1.0-2.0%, Al: 0.005-0.1%, P: 0.01% or less, S: 0.015% or less, Nb: 0.005-0.07%, V: 0.001-0.3%, Ti: 0.001-0.05%, Cr: 0.01-0.3%, Mo: 0.01-0.12%, Cu: 0.01-0.6%, Ni: 0.05-4.0%, Ca: 0.0005-0.004%, and the balance being Fe and other unavoidable impurities, wherein the steel material has a microstructure having a prior austenite crystallite grain size of 35 ?m or less and including 90 area % or more of at least one of bainite and martensite, and the remainder of ferrite or pearlite.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for preventing buckling of a flexible surgical instrument, and more particularly, to an apparatus for preventing buckling of a flexible surgical instrument for preventing the buckling when a catheter or an over-tube of a surgical instrument and the like is inserted into the human body. To this end, disclosed is a surgical-instrument feeder for preventing the buckling of flexible surgical instruments which comprises: a master driving unit for receiving a driving command from the user; and a feeder unit for feeding surgical instruments according to whether to interlock with the master driving unit or not interlock with the master driving unit, and feeding the surgical instruments supplied from the master driving unit so as to prevent the surgical instruments from buckling by means of the feeding control command.

Abstract: A control method of a host electronic device communicating with a client electronic device is provided. The control method includes forming a connection with the client electronic device, determining an application to be shared with the client electronic device, generating shared data for the application to be shared, and transmitting the shared data to the client electronic device.