Abstract: A method and apparatus for acquiring time synchronization, as well as a channel estimate and a noise estimate for a received signal are described. First, a burst of data which includes a training sequence is received. Then, groups of received training sequence measurements are created. For each of these groups, a set of linear equations is set up. Next, methods according to the present invention determine the least square estimate by solving the matrix equation H=(ATA)−1*ATL for each of the groups. This least square estimate is performed in several steps which reduce the number of calculations to be performed. The term ATA is the same for each group and can be computed once prior to computing the least square estimates. The ATL terms are calculated separately for each group. In the process of calculating the ATL term for each group, the ATL term calculated for the previous group can be reused to reduce the total number of calculations.

Abstract: A method and arrangement for telecommunication comprises that it is detected (120) whether an incoming signal is speech or background noise, and encoding (100, 110) and transmitting parameters characterising the incoming signal. In or before (103) in the encoding of the background noise, parameters are produced, which represent background noise having increased low frequency components. Thus, the incoming signal can be subjected (103) to a frequency tilting operation. The degree of increasing the low frequency components is determined by the maximum long term correlation of the incoming signal. This method and arrangement provides a better generation of comfort noise, when the input signal comprises low frequency sinusoids, such as engine noise from cars and trams.

Abstract: Perceptually relevant non-speech information can be preserved during encoding of an audio signal by determining whether the audio signal includes such information. If so, a speech/noise classification of the audio signal is overriden to prevent misclassification of the audio signal as noise.

Abstract: A separation medium having a base matrix and matrix-bound groups which exhibit recombinant Protein A containing a cysteine. The groups are of formula: —B—X—rProtein A-cys where B is a bridge which binds to the base matrix and X includes a heteroatom N or S from rProtein A-cys. In a preferred embodiment X is a thioether sulphur and/or a secondary amine (—NH—). An alternative embodiment features a variant of Protein A in which the C-terminal residue is cysteine.

Abstract: In packet communications that employ header compression/decompression, the computational complexity of checksum generation can be reduced by re-using static checksum information associated with header bits that do not change from header to header. The static checksum information can be used together with information about header bits that do change from header to header, in order to generate a desired checksum. The checksum can then be used to verify a reconstructed header produced from a compressed header by a header decompressor.

Abstract: In producing an approximation of an original speech signal from encoded information about the original speech signal, current parameters associated with a current segment of the original speech signal are determined from the encoded information. Reproduction of a noise component of the original speech signal is improved by using at least one of the current parameters and corresponding previous parameters respectively associated with previous segments of the original speech signal to produce a modified parameter. The modified parameter is then used to produce an approximation of the current segment of the original speech signal.

Abstract: A rotor blade attached on a hub of a fan includes a blade-part, produced essentially of a composite material of fiber reinforced plastic, and an integrated foot having at least one body for attachment of the rotor blade on the hub of the fan, and at least one reinforcement which is essentially rigid in its longitudinal direction. The reinforcement is fastened to the body and extends at least along one of the sides of the blade. The body is arranged to withstand a state of strain, acting in several axially different directions. The body also extends perpendicular to the sides of the blade, and through the foot to both sides of the blade-part, so as to form a counterweight against a tendency of the blade to turn during operation.

Abstract: An aqueous concrete mixture having an air pore volume between 10 and 85%, preferably between 20 and 85%. When the aqueous concrete mixture is cured, a concrete having uniform density and high strength is obtained. This is achieved by including in the concrete mixture an aqueous, anionic surface-active compound containing two sulphonic acid groups of the general formula(R).sub.m --R.sub.1 --(SO.sub.3 M).sub.2 (1)wherein R is an aliphatic group having 4-20 carbon atoms, m is a number 1 or 2, the sum of the number of carbon atoms in the 1 or 2 R groups being 6-30, R.sub.1 is an aromatic group containing at least 2 aromatic rings and 10-20 carbon atoms, and M is a cation or hydrogen. The anionic compound has an air-entraining effect and improves the homogeneity of the concrete mixture.

Abstract: Comfort noise is produced in a linear predictive speech decoder which operates discontinuously, i.e., treats data frames which alternately represent speech information and background noise. During decoding of received data frames which contain background noise-describing parameters, a first number of these data frames which have been received directly before a speech frame are excluded and replaced with one or more background noise describing frames which have been received earlier. Another number of the background noise-describing frames which have been received immediately after a sequence of speech frames are also left out during the decoding and replaced by one or more background noise-describing frames which have been received before the sequence of speech frames. This results in a minimized degradation of the background noise information and gives an optimal comfort noise on the receiver side.

Abstract: The invention relates to a bottom plate member (6) which is designed and made for initially tightening a chamber in which a high gas pressure is generated, for example the propellant charge chamber (4) in an ammuniton round for a recoilless weapon system or in pipes or containers within the process industry. The plate member (6) is breakable and opens for the gases to exit when the gas pressure within the chamber exceeds a certain level. The plate member has a through hole (12) in the center which gives an effective starting point for the cracking process as well as fractural impressions (10) to control the cracking process so that the plate is divided into a number of well defined parts of flaps (11) which are connected to each other. The plate member (6) further comprises a number of straight edges (16), which number corresponds to the number of flaps (11), against which edges the base of the flaps are arranged to be folded when the plate member opens due to the gas pressure.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for treatment of a first liquid which is a plasma of human blood comprising cyclically feeding the first liquid and a second liquid to the treatment device, and measuring a component of the first and second liquids so that a ratio between the first and second liquids are determined by a measuring arrangement. The first and second liquids are transferred to predetermined collection points by initiating and terminating a collection of the first liquid during one of the feeding cycles based on the ratio between the first and second liquids. The volume of at least the first liquid conveyed to the treatment device is measured during one of the cycles by a volume measuring arrangement. A theoretical time is determined between the initiating and terminating of the collection of the first liquid.

Abstract: A method for producing a concrete with a controllable density, which at the density of 1200 kg/m.sup.3 has a compression strength of at least 3.5 MPa and after that linearly increases to at least 19 MPa at 2,000 kg/m.sup.3, characterized in mixing a base concrete mixture mainly consisting of cement and water with a porousity mixture mainly consisting of cement, water and a foaming agent so that the foaming agent constitutes at least approximately 5% by volume of the porousity mixture, and that the resultant mixture of the base concrete mixture and the porousity mixture is moulded in a conventional manner.

Abstract: A device for reducing the rotational speed of an ammunition unit, for instance a submunition unit, and at the same time imparting to the ammunition unit a lateral speed includes a body arranged to be swung out from the ammunition unit and be released in a specific outswung position. The body preferably consists of a band which is wrapped about the outer peripheral surface of the ammunition unit. One end of the band is fixed to the ammunition unit in such a way that the band is released in a specific outswung position.

Abstract: Fibrous material is provided comprising cellulose fibers and mineral wool fibers in a weight ratio within the range from about 3:7 to about 10:1, impregnated with an amount of a water-soluble polyoxyalkylene ether alcohol sufficient to impart dimensional stability thereto and having the formula:R.sub.1 [--O--(C.sub.n.sbsb.1 H.sub.2n.sbsb.1 --O).sub.x --C.sub.n.sbsb.2 H.sub.2n.sbsb.2 --OH].sub.mwherein:R.sub.1 is hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon substituted with secondary hydroxyl groups and free from primary hydroxyl groups and having from one to about twenty-four carbon atoms;m is a number within the range from 1 to about 6;n.sub.1 is a number within the range from about 2 to about 4;n.sub.2 is a number within the range from 3 to 4; and--C.sub.n.sbsb.2 H.sub.2n.sbsb.

Abstract: A dextran derivative gel in particle form for use in the separation of substances according to their molecular size and/or electrical charge by means of gel-chromatographic and/or ion exchange techniques is disclosed which gel comprises a copolymerizate obtained by the free-radical copolymerization of a dextran derivative containing vinyl and/or substituted vinyl groups with (a) a divinyl compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R' and R" are equal or different and each represent hydrogen or methyl and X is ##STR2## --SO.sub.2 -- or the group ##STR3## wherein n is an integer from 1 to 6, inclusive, and optionally (b) a low-molecular weight monovinyl compound.

Abstract: An impact motor has a reciprocating piston that has its piston rod guided in bushings in the housing. The bushings are lubricated by oil-loaded compressed air but the piston is forced to reciprocate by oil-free compressed air.

Abstract: An improved device for holding the tip of a resilient fishing rod in a bowed position when the fishing line is baited and for releasing the tip for sudden snap movement upwardly when a force is exerted on the fishing line by a fish. The device is provided with a trip means having an adjustable member for setting the force required for initiating the snap movement. The adjustable member is arranged for infinitely variable displacement along the outer fish rod end, and in the bowed position, the adjustable member coacts with a hook member attached to one end of a line, with the other end of the line being attached to the fishing rod at a position remote from the tip. For obtaining the desired bowed position or bending of the fishing rod tip, the hook member is releasably attached to a support member on the tip. The adjustable member is arranged between the extreme end of the rod and the support member.