Abstract: A rechargeable battery pack includes a plurality of cell modules connected to each other via bus bars, each cell module including a plurality unit cells with electrode terminals connected to the bus bars, a plurality of spacers between the cell modules, first and second plates coupled to opposite sides of the spacers, the first and second plates being configured to support the cell modules therebetween, and flow paths between the unit cells in a length direction of the unit cells, the flow paths being between side surfaces of the spacers and side surfaces of the unit cells, and being further partially set by sides of the bus bars.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a first battery with a first capacity, a second battery with a second capacity less than the first capacity, and a variable resistor. The second battery has a larger maximum discharge current than the first battery. The variable resistor circuit limits the discharge current of the first battery to a predetermined limit current value.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a first battery with a first capacity, a second battery with a second capacity less than the first capacity, and a variable resistor. The second battery has a larger maximum discharge current than the first battery. The variable resistor circuit limits the discharge current of the first battery to a predetermined limit current value.

Abstract: A fuel cell hybrid system includes a fuel cell pack and a hybrid battery pack. The hybrid battery pack includes a high voltage battery, a low voltage battery, a bidirectional converter to perform power conversion between the high and low voltage batteries, and a battery manager. The battery manger enters a low temperature charging mode based on an internal temperature of the hybrid battery pack, and charges one of the high or low voltage batteries using the other of the high or low voltage batteries through the bidirectional converter in the low temperature charging mode. The battery manager may perform the charging operation based on a state of charge of each of the batteries. The fuel cell pack may supply power to a motor of a vehicle, and the hybrid battery pack may supply voltage to the motor and the fuel cell pack.

Abstract: A fuel cell system having a heat exchanger capable of separating gas and liquid is disclosed. In one aspect, the fuel cell system includes a fuel cell stack and an inlet header connected to the fuel cell stack, wherein the inlet header comprises first and second surfaces opposing each other. The fuel cell system also includes a cathode heat exchanger connected to the first surface of the inlet header and an anode heat exchanger connected to the second surface of the inlet header. The cathode heat exchanger is configured to exhaust a gas and the anode heat exchanger is configured to store and discharge a liquid.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery pack includes a plurality of cell modules connected to each other via bus bars, each cell module including a plurality unit cells with electrode terminals connected to the bus bars, a plurality of spacers between the cell modules, first and second plates coupled to opposite sides of the spacers, the first and second plates being configured to support the cell modules therebetween, and flow paths between the unit cells in a length direction of the unit cells, the flow paths being between side surfaces of the spacers and side surfaces of the unit cells, and being further partially set by sides of the bus bars.

Abstract: A battery pack includes a plurality of secondary batteries, the plurality of secondary batteries including at least a first secondary battery and a second secondary battery, a first pack case having an accommodating portion on which the plurality of secondary batteries are mounted, and a plurality of bus-bars electrically connecting the plurality of secondary batteries together, the bus-bars having a “?” shape, the plurality of bus-bars including at least a first bus-bar and a second bus-bar, the first bus-bar being coupled to an end of the first secondary battery, the second bus-bar being coupled to an end of the second secondary battery and facing the first bus-bar.

Abstract: A fuel cell stack includes a plurality of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) and a stamped metal separator. The metal separator is positioned between the membrane electrode assemblies. The separator includes at least one channel on both surfaces of the separator formed by a stamping process. The separator comprises a plurality of holes, each of which form a manifold communicating with each the channels.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell stack for generating electrical energy by reacting oxidant and mixed fuel, and for discharging non-reacted fuel, oxidant, moisture, and carbon dioxide; a mixer for preparing the mixed fuel by mixing at least a portion of the non-reacted fuel, oxidant and moisture with concentrated fuel and for supplying the mixed fuel to the fuel cell stack; a fuel supply unit for supplying the concentrated fuel to the mixer; an oxidant supply unit for supplying the oxidant to the fuel cell stack; a first heat exchanger between an outlet of the fuel cell stack and the mixer; and a second heat exchanger between the mixer and an inlet of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A preferential oxidation reactor for removing carbon monoxide in a hydrogen mixture gas is disclosed. The preferential oxidation reactor may include a housing having a catalytic layer provided therein, a mixture gas supply portion inserted into the interior of the housing and penetrating the catalytic layer, a condensate receiving portion contained within the housing and in fluid communication with a gas outlet port of the mixture gas supply portion and condensate control tubes arranged in the catalytic layer of the housing and in fluid communication with the condensate receiving portion. The condensate control tubes may have a capillary structure. A fuel cell system including the preferential oxidation reactor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A burner nozzle assembly includes: a nozzle plate having an anode off-gas (AOG) nozzle at the center of the nozzle plate and a plurality of oxidation fuel nozzles surrounding the AOG nozzle; and a channel unit coupling the AOG nozzle with an AOG introducer to allow an AOG to flow therebetween and coupling the oxidation fuel nozzles with an oxidation fuel introducer to allow an oxidation fuel to flow therebetween.

Abstract: A fuel cell hybrid system extends a cycle-life of a rechargeable battery by charging the rechargeable battery with voltage lower than the maximum charging voltage of the rechargeable battery by a predetermined level.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel supply unit supplying a fuel; an air supply unit supplying air; a stack including a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) having an air path and a fuel path; a gas-liquid separator connected to an outlet of the fuel path and an outlet of the air path for separating gas-liquid into high-temperature liquid and moisture gas; a mixer mixing the high-temperature liquid separated by the gas-liquid separator and a fuel supplied from the fuel supply unit and connecting the gas-liquid separator and the MEA; a moisture absorbent connected to the gas-liquid separator to absorb condensed liquid in the high-temperature moisture gas; and a heat exchanger to vaporize the liquid absorbed by the moisture absorbent.

Abstract: An auto ignition type autothermal reformer (ATR) performs reproducible ignition using a catalyst that performs ignition without a separate ignition unit, such as an igniter or heating wire, and a fuel cell system having the ATR. The ATR includes a reaction container having a first opening through which a fuel is introduced into the reaction container and a second opening through which a reformate is discharged from the reaction container, the fuel having a mixture of an aqueous primary fuel solution and hydrogen peroxide; a first catalyst disposed adjacent to the first opening in the reaction container, the first catalyst being a granular catalyst; a second catalyst disposed at the rear portion of the first catalyst to promote an autothermal reforming reaction; and a third catalyst disposed at the rear portion of the second catalyst to promote an oxidation reaction.

Abstract: A fuel cell system including: a fuel cell stack configured to generate electrical energy by a reaction of a fuel and an oxidant; a fuel supply configured to supply the fuel to the fuel cell stack; and an oxidant supply configured to supply the oxidant to the fuel cell stack, wherein the fuel supply includes a mixer including an inflow port, the mixer alternately receiving the fuel and water through the inflow port and being configured to mix the fuel and the water to generate a diluted fuel and supply the diluted fuel to the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: A fuel supply apparatus for a combustor configured to prevent or substantially prevent a flashback from being generated from the combustor. A fuel supply apparatus includes a fuel distribution part having a first opening part and a second opening part, the fuel distribution part configured to alternately discharge a fuel from the first opening part and the second opening part; and a housing having a first channel and a second channel, wherein an intermediate part of the first channel is coupled to and in fluid communication with the first opening part, and an intermediate part of the second channel is coupled to and in fluid communication with the second opening part.

Abstract: A fuel cell system configured to prevent fuel cell freezing is disclosed. The fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a reformer in fluid communication with the fuel cell, the reformer including a reactor and a heat feeding unit. A moisture supplying pipe is in fluid communication with the reformer and a reformer exhausting pipe is in fluid communication with the reformer. The reformer exhaust pipe is in fluid communication with the moisture supplying pipe and configured to pass high temperature gas discharged from the reformer exhaust pipe to the moisture supplying pipe. The fuel cell system may remove moisture in the fuel cell and may also prevent the moisture from freezing by using thermal energy generated during operation of the heat feeding unit.

Abstract: A preferential oxidation reactor for removing carbon monoxide in a hydrogen mixture gas is disclosed. The preferential oxidation reactor may include a housing having a catalytic layer provided therein, a mixture gas supply portion inserted into the interior of the housing and penetrating the catalytic layer, a condensate receiving portion contained within the housing and in fluid communication with a gas outlet port of the mixture gas supply portion and condensate control tubes arranged in the catalytic layer of the housing and in fluid communication with the condensate receiving portion. The condensate control tubes may have a capillary structure. A fuel cell system including the preferential oxidation reactor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A connection structure between a fuel vaporizer and an oxidizer in a fuel reformer is disclosed. Fuel reformers having the connection structure may be included in fuel cell systems. Methods for forming the connection structure are also disclosed. The method includes forming the fuel vaporizer and forming the oxidizer. Forming the fuel vaporizer may include forming through-holes in a bottom panel and a top panel to form the fuel vaporizer, forming an inner side panel protruding in a direction substantially normal to a frame of the bottom panel through-hole and welding a top portion of the inner side panel to the frame of the top panel through-hole. Forming the oxidizer may include welding a top portion of an inner wall of the oxidizer to a bottom surface of the frame of the bottom panel through-hole.

Abstract: A driving method of a fuel cell system, which includes a secondary battery and a fuel cell stack, is disclosed. The method includes detecting a state of charge (SOC) of the secondary battery, driving the fuel cell stack to an on-state whenever the SOC of the secondary battery is less than a predetermined first SOC, and driving the fuel cell stack to an off-state whenever the SOC of the secondary battery is greater than a predetermined second SOC. In this method, the fuel cell stack is driven at a fuel concentration having optimum efficiency, thereby increasing the fuel efficiency of the fuel cell system.