Abstract: A system is provided for supporting roaming between LTE EPC network and 5G network of a first mobile network operator by 5GC network of a second network operator. The system may include the EPC network including a serving gateway in communication with a 4G base station being in the EPC network. The system may also include the 5G network of the first mobile network operator including a vSMF in communication with a 5G base station being in the 5G network of the first network operator. The system may also include the 5GC network of the second network operator including a hSMF. The vSMF is configured to receive a communication from the serving gateway to anchor mobility between the LTE EPC network and the 5G network of the first mobile network operator, and to communicate with the hSMF in the 5GC network of the second network operator using 5G roaming interfaces.

Abstract: The present technology involves system, methods, and computer-readable media for establishing mobility of user equipment (UEs) or mobile from congested new radio (NR) cells to un-congested Long-Term Evolution (LTE) cells. For operators that deploy both LTE cells and NR cells, the UEs can move from congested NR cells to un-congested LTE cells but can also be handed back into un-congested NR cells.

Abstract: Provided herein are techniques to facilitate service-based network function (NF) selection for roaming scenarios involving multiple home core networks. In one instance, a method may include obtaining, by a visited public land mobile network (PLMN) from a home PLMN that is to provide a first service for a wireless device, service hosting information that identifies a service hosting data network name and a service hosting PLMN that is to provide a second service for the wireless device in which the service hosting information is obtained by the visited PLMN through registration of the wireless device with the home PLMN. Upon determining that a session for the second service is to be established for the wireless device, the method may include performing a NF query to the service hosting PLMN identified from the service hosting information obtained through the registration in order to identify a NF to facilitate the session.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter is directed to compositions and methods for sterile and storage stable low-dose atropine formulations with improved stability. Most preferably, the compositions presented herein are substantially preservative free and exhibit less than 0.35% tropic acid from degradation of atropine. Advantageously, contemplated formulations are also substantially free of preservatives.

Abstract: A radio communication system includes user equipment, a call control apparatus, and a plurality of communication apparatuses, wherein each communication apparatus belongs to one of a plurality of groups, wherein the user equipment transmits, to the call control apparatus, a first access request signal including a group specifying information for specifying one group and a communication destination identifier, wherein the call control apparatus transmits, to the communication apparatus belonging to the one group specified by the group specifying information, a second access request signal including the communication destination identifier, and wherein the communication apparatus establishes a communication path between a communication destination indicated by the communication destination identifier included in the second access request signal and the user equipment.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are storage-stable ephedrine single-phase solution compositions, comprising 4 mg/mL to 6 mg/mL of ephedrine, a pH adjuster comprising acetic acid, and water, wherein the composition has a pH between 4.5 and 5.0; and wherein the pH drift of the composition is less than 0.5 after storage over at least two months at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: The disclosed technology separates session management function signaling from the AMF. In particular, an SMF key is created for each SMF following the AMF generating an SM context request that contains gNB information and UE subscription information. Each PDU session creates a direct connection between the SMF and a local gNB. The gNB communicates with each SMF directly over a new interface (N3-C) for session management that is independent of the N2 interface used by the gNB to communicate with the AMF for mobility management. In this way, each SMF independently handles NAS signaling with the UE, using the SMF key and gNB related session-management signaling over an independent interface with the gNB. This removes the burden of relaying these communications through the AMF, which is then freed up to solely to handle mobility management signaling, resulting in an improved architecture.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter is directed to compositions and methods for sterile and storage stable low-dose atropine formulations with improved stability. Most preferably, the compositions presented herein are substantially preservative free and exhibit less than 0.35% tropic acid from degradation of atropine. Advantageously, contemplated formulations are also substantially free of preservatives.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are storage-stable ephedrine single-phase solution compositions, comprising 4 mg/mL to 6 mg/mL of ephedrine, a pH adjuster comprising acetic acid, and water, wherein the composition has a pH between 4.5 and 5.0; and wherein the pH drift of the composition is less than 0.5 after storage over at least two months at 25° C. and 60% relative humidity. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and computer-readable media for causing an user equipment (UE) to connect to a non-public network (NPN) while meeting time and location requirements. In one aspect, a method includes receiving, by the UE and from a home public land mobile network (h-PLMN), a steering of roaming update providing a steering of roaming record. In one aspect, the UE, is configured based on the steering of roaming record, to connect to the non-public network (NPN) when a context of the UE meets time and location requirements. In one aspect, the method includes establishing, by the UE, a session with the NPN when the context of the UE meets the time and location requirements.

Abstract: The present technology is directed to establishing a connection between a client device within a 2G or 3G network and 5G core through an interworking function. The present technology can perform establishing a Gn-4G interworking function (IWF) between a client access network and a packet anchor network and performing one or more network functions through the Gn-4G IWF in providing a client of the client access network access to network services through the packet anchor network. The one or more network functions appear as one or more Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) functions from the client access network (e.g., 2G or 3G network). The one or more network functions concurrently appear as one or more S4 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) functions from the packet anchor network (e.g., 4G or 5G network).

Abstract: A control plane (CP) function for session management performs a procedure for establishing local traffic offloading for a user equipment (UE) in a mobile network having an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Fifth Generation (5G) converged core that supports communications via a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) radio access network (RAN) and a Fifth Generation (5G) RAN. Initially, a connection is established for the UE via the LTE RAN that includes a first bearer between the LTE RAN and a central serving gateway-user plane (SGW-U) at a central location, and a second bearer between the central SGW-U and a central packet gateway-user plane (PGW-U) at the central location. The CP function inserts a local SGW-U at an edge location and subsequently inserts a local intermediate user plane function (I-UPF) with an uplink classifier (UL-CL) at the edge location for enabling edge offload of traffic from the LTE RAN.

Abstract: An NSSF (69) includes: a selection unit selecting a slice corresponding to a service related to a request from a terminal (10) and a target processing server corresponding to the slice based on slice correspondence information including information where a slice, a processing server corresponding to the slice, and a service used by a terminal are associated with one another; and a notification unit notifying an AMF (30) of selection result including information regarding the slice and target processing server. The AMF includes: a determination processing unit determining whether the AMF is a target processing server based on information on the target processing server in the selection result information, and performing processing for a service when the AMF is the target processing server, or transferring a request for processing for a service to the target processing server when the AMF is not the target processing server.

Abstract: A private cellular management system detects that a device has connected to a private cellular network. The device is part of a device group that is associated with a policy applicable within an enterprise network and the private cellular network. The private cellular management system generates a determination corresponding to a policy effectiveness associated with the access policy based on different versions of the policy implemented in the enterprise and private cellular networks. The private cellular management system obtains an update to the access policy and applies this update for the device and other devices associated with the device group.

Abstract: In one illustrative example, a user equipment (UE) policy may be communicated to a UE. The UE policy may be a UE Route Selection Policy (URSP) which includes a policy rule that associates an application and/or traffic thereof with a routing policy comprising an indicated radio access technology (RAT) type for 3GPP access. When the UE operates to communicate the traffic in a communication session for the application via non-3GPP access, a message which indicates an attach request with a request type indicating “handover” may be received from the UE via a selected radio access network (RAN) corresponding to the indicated RAT type. The message is for triggering a handover of the communication session for the application from the non-3GPP access to the 3GPP access. In one scenario, when Voice over NR (VoNR) is unavailable, the indicated RAT type of the routing policy may be set to indicate an E-UTRAN.

Abstract: The inventive subject matter is directed to compositions and methods for sterile and storage stable low-dose atropine formulations with improved stability. Most preferably, the compositions presented herein are substantially preservative free and exhibit less than 0.35% tropic acid from degradation of atropine. Advantageously, contemplated formulations are also substantially free of preservatives.

Abstract: The disclosed technology separates session management function signaling from the AMF. In particular, an SMF key is created for each SMF following the AMF generating an SM context request that contains gNB information and UE subscription information. Each PDU session creates a direct connection between the SMF and a local gNB. The gNB communicates with each SMF directly over a new interface (N3-C) for session management that is independent of the N2 interface used by the gNB to communicate with the AMF for mobility management. In this way, each SMF independently handles NAS signaling with the UE, using the SMF key and gNB related session-management signaling over an independent interface with the gNB. This removes the burden of relaying these communications through the AMF, which is then freed up to solely to handle mobility management signaling, resulting in an improved architecture.

Abstract: A control plane function entity for session management is operative to enable 5G to 4G to 3G mobility for a user equipment (UE). Initially, the entity may communicate one or more messages in a procedure for a handover of a session of the UE from a Fifth Generation System (5GS) to an Evolved Packet System (EPS). The entity may identify whether one or more indications indicate a need to provide 2G and/or 3G parameters. Based on identifying the one or more indications, the entity may communicate one or more messages in a bearer modification procedure with a bearer Quality of Service (QoS) update. In some implementations, the control plane function entity may identify the need to provide the 2G and/or the 3G parameters when the session is originally established in 5GS or when QoS parameters of a QoS Flow of the session are modified while the UE was in 5GS.

Abstract: A method enables communication between Session Management Function (SMF) and User Plane Function (UPF) instances which are separately deployed behind Network Address Translation (NAT) services. The method includes configuring an SMF or a UPF to initiate an association with a corresponding UPF or SMF. The SMF registers first information with a Network Repository Function (NRF) enabling the remote UPF to communicate with the SMF through a NAT service. The method further includes obtaining second information from the NRF enabling the SMF to communicate with the remote UPF through the NAT service. The method also includes sending an association request to the remote UPF based on the second information and receiving an association response from the remote UPF through the NAT service.

Abstract: An MS 300 controls a mobility level (IMM) of user device in an idle mode depending on a movement; state of the user device. The ME 300 includes a movement state acquisition section 320 that acquires the movement state of the user device, a mobility level selector 330 chat selects a mobility level out of the multiple mobility levels based on the movement state of the user device acquired by the movement state acquisition section 320, and a mobility level notification section 340 that notifies the user device of the mobility level selected by the mobility level selector 330.