Abstract: To provide a layout structure of a hydraulic control valve for a valve train in an internal combustion engine which can reduce the influence of heat from the cylinders and can avoid the impairment of the external appearance of the internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine has a valve operation characteristics changing mechanism that changes the operation characteristics of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. A hydraulic control valve for a valve train controls the pressure of a hydraulic fluid supplied to the valve operation characteristics changing mechanism. The hydraulic control valve is located on the left side surface of right and left crankcases that support and cover a crankshaft at a position below cylinders.

Abstract: A multi-plate clutch system includes an outer clutch member having a plurality of first clutch plates thereon, a central spool having a plurality of second clutch plates thereon interspaced with the first clutch plates. The clutch system also includes a cam mechanism including a protruding cam and a recessed cam. The protruding cam and the recessed cam respectively include first inclined faces and second inclined faces, which are inclined in the same direction with respect to the circumferential direction. The protruding cam is thus brought into a point contact with the recessed cam during clutch engagement. As such, the multi-plate clutch system can maintain constant variable characteristics of the clutch capacity even when there is a variation in processing accuracy at the time of the production.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lipase powder composition which comprises a filter aid(s) and a product obtained by pulverizing a Thermomyces sp.-derived lipase immobilized to a silica carrier(s) into the average particle diameter of 1 ?m or more and less than 300 ?m. This lipase powder composition improves the lipase activity and operability and, therefore, can be suitably used in the methods for exchanging esters of fats and oils and for esterification.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in a power unit includes an oil pump that rotates by a transmission mechanism with an endless chain, and a crankcase with an opening formed by protruding walls of side walls of the crankcase in an axial direction. A drive sprocket is fitted to a main shaft of a gear transmission and a driven sprocket is fitted to a shaft end of a drive shaft of an oil pump. When viewed sideways, the protruding walls and mating faces have overlapping parts that partially overlap the driven sprocket. On the other hand, all the shaft end and the remainder of the driven sprocket are exposed inside the opening when the cover is removed. The resulting configuration improves the working efficiency in fitting an oil pump into the crankcase without reducing the rigidity of the crankcase.

Abstract: A lubrication system of a vehicle engine wherein a cylinder head has a head side oil passage disposed at one end thereof along the axis of a crankshaft. A lower case of a crankcase is provided with a supply source side oil passage communicating with an oil supply source and extending parallel to the axis of the crankshaft and a branched oil passage guiding oil to the head side oil passage which branches from the supply source side oil passage and extends upwardly. An upper case side oil passage extending vertically to communicate with a head side oil passage is provided at one end of an upper case along the axis of the crankshaft. A communication passage communicating the upper end of a branched oil passage is provided in a lower case in a position inwardly from the upper case side oil passage along the axis of the crankshaft.

Abstract: A cooling structure is a separate member from a structural portion of an engine. An oil injection pipe includes cooling oil injection holes for injecting cooling oil into cylinder bores and is mounted across an engine at a somewhat upper position with respect to a crank shaft and in parallel with the crank shaft. Both ends of the oil injection pipe are fixed through mounting members to right and left side walls of the engine, whereby the pipe is mounted. Two left and right pipe portions are joined together at a central position between the two to constitute the oil injection pipe as a single pipe. At the connection in the central position, the oil injection pipe is connected to an oil supply path. Oil supplied through the oil supply path flows into the left and right pipe portions and is injected from the injection holes into the cylinder bores.

Abstract: A dog clutch includes a first engagement face and a second engagement face provided on a surface of a driving rotor and a driven rotor with the two surfaces being opposite each other. The first engagement face engaging with its counterpart when a driving force of the driving members is generated. The second engagement face engaging with its counterpart when the driving member receives the driving force from the driven member. The strength of the engagement portion is balanced reflecting the operational torque changing as a power transmission direction changes. A projection drawing to a plane perpendicular to a rotational axis of a driving rotor and of a driven rotor, the inward extension line of the first engagement face passes through a position offset from the position representing the rotational axis, and the inward extension line of the second engagement face passes through the position representing the rotational axis.

Abstract: A relief valve includes a cylindrical valve housing attached to an engine body continuously with a relief passage and an outlet provided in an axially intermediate portion thereof. A valve body is slidably fitted to the valve housing so as to allow the relief passage to communicate with the outlet as an oil pressure in the relief passage becomes equal to and exceeds a predetermined oil pressure. A skirt includes an upper end portion fixed to the valve housing above the outlet for guiding oil discharged from the outlet downward. The relief valve exerts a reliable defoaming function in response to an increase in the oil discharged from the outlet and an increase in an ejection pressure thereof while avoiding an increase in the size of the skirt. An annular recessed portion is formed on an outer circumference of the intermediate portion of the valve housing below the outlet.

Abstract: A clutch for effectively prevents a clutch outer from tilting at the time when torque is varied. The clutch includes damper springs for transmitting, to a clutch outer, torque inputted to a driven gear, and a thrust washer for regulating positional change of a position of the clutch outer with respect to the driven gear in a direction of the shaft axis. The thrust washer is disposed between the driven gear and the clutch outer in an axial direction. The thrust washer is disposed only outward of the damper springs in a radial direction.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in a power unit includes an oil pump that rotates by a transmission mechanism with an endless chain, and a crankcase with an opening formed by protruding walls of side walls of the crankcase in an axial direction. A drive sprocket is fitted to a main shaft of a gear transmission and a driven sprocket is fitted to a shaft end of a drive shaft of an oil pump. When viewed sideways, the protruding walls and mating faces have overlapping parts that partially overlap the driven sprocket. On the other hand, all the shaft end and the remainder of the driven sprocket are exposed inside the opening when the cover is removed. The resulting configuration improves the working efficiency in fitting an oil pump into the crankcase without reducing the rigidity of the crankcase.

Abstract: A lubrication system of a vehicle engine wherein a cylinder head has a head side oil passage disposed at one end thereof along the axis of a crankshaft. A lower case of a crankcase is provided with a supply source side oil passage communicating with an oil supply source and extending parallel to the axis of the crankshaft and a branched oil passage guiding oil to the head side oil passage which branches from the supply source side oil passage and extends upwardly. An upper case side oil passage extending vertically to communicate with a head side oil passage is provided at one end of an upper case along the axis of the crankshaft. A communication passage communicating the upper end of a branched oil passage is provided in a lower case in a position inwardly from the upper case side oil passage along the axis of the crankshaft.

Abstract: To provide a layout structure of a hydraulic control valve for a valve train in an internal combustion engine which can reduce the influence of heat from the cylinders and can avoid the impairment of the external appearance of the internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine has a valve operation characteristics changing mechanism that changes the operation characteristics of at least one of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. A hydraulic control valve for a valve train controls the pressure of a hydraulic fluid supplied to the valve operation characteristics changing mechanism. The hydraulic control valve is located on the left side surface of right and left crankcases that support and cover a crankshaft at a position below cylinders.

Abstract: There is provided a message figure which is easy to produce and is not required to have a mechanism for moving an erasing magnet on a back side of a magnetic display sheet and to secure a space for moving the erasing magnet. Attached to a figure (5) is a magnetic display sheet (6) which includes a plurality of microcapsules encapsulating oily liquid, light-absorbing ferromagnetic powder, light-reflecting nonmagnetic powder and anti-settling agent, and is adapted for making a drawing or a writing of a character and the like from a front side of the magnetic display sheet by using a drawing tool (3) having a magnet, and for erasing the drawing or the writing from the front side of the magnetic display sheet by using an erasing tool (4) having a magnet.

Abstract: An improved lubrication structure is provided in an engine by optimizing the structure for recovering scooped oil for enhanced oil recovery efficiency. The oil, which has been scooped up and scattered by the rotation of a clutch, is captured within a concave groove provided within a cylindrical inner surface of a case cover facing the clutch. The captured oil is smoothly guided from the concave groove to an oil receiver of a crankcase via a bent upper edge part of an oil guide plate. The recovered oil passes through dropping holes of a recovered oil path and is supplied to a gear engagement part of a transmission system located below the recovered oil path.

Abstract: A cooling structure is a separate member from a structural portion of an engine. An oil injection pipe includes cooling oil injection holes for injecting cooling oil into cylinder bores and is mounted across an engine at a somewhat upper position with respect to a crank shaft and in parallel with the crank shaft. Both ends of the oil injection pipe are fixed through mounting members to right and left side walls of the engine, whereby the pipe is mounted. Two left and right pipe portions are joined together at a central position between the two to constitute the oil injection pipe as a single pipe. At the connection in the central position, the oil injection pipe is connected to an oil supply path. Oil supplied through the oil supply path flows into the left and right pipe portions and is injected from the injection holes into the cylinder bores.

Abstract: An improved lubrication structure is provided in a engine by optimizing the structure for recovering scooped oil for enhanced oil recovery efficiency. The oil, which has been scooped up and scattered by the rotation of a clutch, is captured within a concave groove provided within a cylindrical inner surface of a case cover facing the clutch. The captured oil is smoothly guided from the concave groove to an oil receiver of a crankcase via a bent upper edge part of an oil guide plate. The recovered oil passes through dropping holes of a recovered oil path and is supplied to a gear engagement part of a transmission system located below the recovered oil path.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft, a mainshaft, a clutch and a countershaft. The mainshaft is for a transmission and holds a transmission gear train. The clutch is disposed on the extension of the mainshaft. Furthermore, the countershaft for the transmission holds a gear train to mesh with the transmission gear train. Accordingly, power is transmitted in order from the crankshaft to the clutch, the mainshaft, and the countershaft. This arrangement ensures better knee-grip when the internal combustion engine is mounted on a vehicle and improves in-vehicle mountability by reducing the width and the axial length of the internal combustion engine. A mainshaft is disposed about immediately below the crankshaft. At least a part of the mainshaft is provided at the same axial position as the crankshaft.

Abstract: An electroluminescence light emitting display system has: an electroluminescence light emitting sheet which has: a light-emitting layer containing electroluminescence light-emitting elements therein, and an electrode pair of first and second electrodes each of which forms a comb-like pattern and extends to a direction inclined with respect to a width direction of the electroluminescence light emitting sheet, comb-like pattern portions of the first and second electrodes engaging each other with a predetermined interval across a spacing region so as to prevent contacting each other; and a voltage application unit for applying a predetermined voltage between the first and second electrodes of the electrode pair, wherein the electroluminescence light emitting display system is configured such that when the voltage application is performed by the voltage application unit and an electrically conductive material is put on an area of a front surface in the light-emitting layer, the area in the light-emitting layer em

Abstract: An electroluminescence light emitting display system having: an electroluminescence light emitting sheet which comprises a light-emitting layer containing electroluminescence light-emitting elements therein, and an electrode section comprising a plurality of electrode pairs which are disposed with a predetermined arrangement, wherein each of the electrode pairs includes first and second electrodes which are electrically separated from each other with a spacing region and disposed in one surface side of the light-emitting layer with a predetermined arrangement; and a voltage application unit for applying a predetermined voltage between the first and second electrodes. Each width of the first and second electrodes is 0.2-0.5 mm and a width of the spacing region between the first and second electrodes is 0.2-0.3 mm.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft, a mainshaft, a clutch and a countershaft. The mainshaft is for a transmission and holds a transmission gear train. The clutch is disposed on the extension of the mainshaft. Furthermore, the countershaft for the transmission holds a gear train to mesh with the transmission gear train. Accordingly, power is transmitted in order from the crankshaft to the clutch, the mainshaft, and the countershaft. This arrangement ensures better knee-grip when the internal combustion engine is mounted on a vehicle and improves in-vehicle mountability by reducing the width and the axial length of the internal combustion engine. A mainshaft is disposed about immediately below the crankshaft. At least a part of the mainshaft is provided at the same axial position as the crankshaft.